China is an ancient civilization with thousands of years' history, so the history of counterfeit books is naturally related. As a historical and cultural phenomenon, we can't completely deny its value. To a certain extent, it still has high historical value, literary function and positive social influence after the screening of scholars and experts and their efforts to verify the authenticity.
A glimpse of ancient books
The concept of fake books is illegal, which is not accepted by the mainstream. Mainly in the name of others, the content and title are fraudulent, which is called "fake book".
Since ancient times, China has relied on the mouth of saints to clarify his views. Confucius "tells without doing", but there are many books about Confucius. In addition, there are records in China's books, and the fake books of "Tuogu" include "Ru Tuo Zhou Gong; The farmer entrusted Shennong; Taoism holds the Yellow Emperor. " In this case, a cultural phenomenon has actually formed. Although many fake books pretend to be the names of sages, they record a lot of historical materials and become important documents for future generations. For example, the book Family Instructions of Confucius has been proved to be a fake book, but it has been known since the Tang Dynasty because there are a lot of historical materials available in the book. "But it can't be abolished."
Ancient books and recorded photos
Second, the characteristics of fake books in Ming Dynasty
The cultural development of Ming Dynasty was far ahead of the previous generation. Ming and Qing Dynasties are the afterglow of China's cultural development, and new relations of production and advanced productive forces gradually began to appear. However, it is undeniable that the cultural development of China during this period was still at the first-class level in the world, and only fake books were very rich. Due to government management, social mainstream views and other factors, fake books in the Ming Dynasty mainly exist in private books, and the number is extremely objective. According to the statistics of later generations, only.
(1) is widely circulated. Due to the large number of fake books and complicated versions in Ming dynasty, it is difficult to test and revise them, but on the other hand, many bibliographies are widely circulated. For example, two versions of The Book of Zhu Zhu Hall have been copied and studied by scholars.
(2) The influence scope is large. Because the Ming government did not have a very strict legal regulation on the management of book culture, some scholars did not pay much attention to bibliography. Therefore, when updating the bibliography, it is easy to write important words and quotations into new books by mistake, and later people will continue to use them without distinguishing authenticity. Of course, there are also phenomena that the author deliberately does it, but in any case, the influence of fake books should not be underestimated.
(3) It covers a lot of contents, and there are still many shortcomings in the printing technology of ancient books in China, which leads to misprinting, missing printing and misprinting, and objectively leads to the emergence of a large number of fake books.
Third, the influence of fake books on later generations.
Ming dynasty territory map
Four. References:
1) Liu Haitao: Textual research on Zhuangzi's writing of fake books in Ming Dynasty, Chinese Culture Forum, 20 14.
2) Li Dan: Textual Research on Private Bibliography in Ming Dynasty, Research on Ancient Books, 2007.
3) Sun Yingjie: Analysis on the Causes and Value of Fake Books of Ancient Books, Journal of Jiujiang University (Social Science Edition), 20 17.
About the author: Jerry Lee is a member of the YMCA of Givonu Society.
The history of counterfeiting in China coincides with the history of cultural relics. During the Ming Dynasty, the fake book industry was very prosperous, especially in the Song Dynasty, when it became an underground industry. Why forge it? Like all pirated books today, the main reason is that people are stupid and have more money!
The reason why the fake book industry was in full swing in Ming Dynasty was closely related to the wealthy and uneducated nouveau riche in society at that time. The conclusion of a large number of studies on the social history of the Ming Dynasty tells us that the nouveau riche in the Ming Dynasty apparently longed for social status and entered the so-called educated social circle. In this way, it doesn't matter whether the counterfeiting industry is hot or not.
By the Ming Dynasty, the forgery of fake books had become an industry in Jiangnan area at that time, and Suzhou Zhuxiang was the largest fake book manufacturing base at that time. Even, a man named Zhang Taijie in Songjiang District, in order to make a better fake, specially compiled a book called Bao Huilu, which included 200 fake paintings and calligraphy since the Six Dynasties, and used it as a "cottage".
However, the Ming people especially liked the style of the Tang and Song Dynasties, so they copied the books of the Song Dynasty specially, and the forgery technique was unprecedented! Even Gao Lian, a famous playwright in the Ming Dynasty, had to sigh in Eight Chapters of Respect for Life: "Recently, people who impersonate Song Ben are fascinated. Carve a new book in the Song Dynasty, copy light yellow thick bamboo paper, or use Sichuan cocoon paper ... buckle the surname of the Song people at both ends. ..... burning paper wool with a lamp is still like burning grass smoke yellow, leaving the ancients with traces of the past. Or put it in the rice drill cabinet to let the insects eat holes. "
For a time, fake books pretending to be Song editions spread all over the world, and it was hard to tell whether they were true or false! Especially during the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, fake books flooded in Song Dynasty.
Fake books, I don't know much about them, and another one is called misinformation of Hu Jing, but it's official.