(2) Appointing people in the imperial court: We should not appoint people in the imperial court, but should ensure the integrity of moral integrity.
The words are explained separately: cháo
Orientation: orientation. Forward. Chaoyang. Sit facing south.
In feudal times, I met the monarch; Also refers to religious visits: seeing the imperial court. Worship. Morning glow courtesy pilgrimage
In feudal times, the place where emperors met officials and gave orders was opposite to the "wild": the imperial court. In and out, the court withdrew from the DPRK. State affairs. Courtiers are righteous. Fang Chao
According to the rule time of emperors; Also known as the period of an emperor's rule: dynasty. Tang dynasty.
[Korean] A. One of the ethnic minorities in China, mainly distributed in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces; B. the nationalities of north Korea and south Korea.
Last name.
Morning, evening and evening dusk
Number of strokes:12;
Radical: month;
Number of strokes:12251112351.
Employment: pìn
Visit: ask questions (in ancient times, it meant visiting friendly countries on behalf of the country). General employment. Hire a special envoy
Please hold the post: letter of appointment. Hire. Hire. Recruitment.
Engagement or marriage: dowry (bride price). Engagement money. Hire a girl
Number of strokes:13;
Radical: ear;
Number of strokes:12211251215.
Explain the appointment in detail.
Caopai
ㄔㄠˊ ㄆㄧㄣˋ
1. Ancient governors personally or sent envoys to appear before the emperor on schedule. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the government was the overlord, and the princes appeared in front of the overlord.
"Book of Rites": "To the emperor, governors are hired once every three years and once every five years." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Other years, year after year. Small employment, to be a doctor; Big move, make Qing; If you go to North Korea, do it yourself. " However, this important appointment was made by North Korea, and Jin Wen dominated the time.
"Book of Rites": "The husband ceremony begins with the crown, and it is more important than the funeral sacrifice and the appointment of the court." "Zuo Zhao was in charge of the public for three years": "I used to be the overlord, and my affairs did not disturb the princes, so I hired the princes at the age of three, and I was in trouble at the age of five." Confucius' Ying Da Shu: "Today, talk about the hegemony of Wen Xiang, so that the princes can hire tyrants."
"History of Han Dynasty Changyi Mourning for King Liu Bochuan": "Those who stubbornly abandon the waste should not be invited to the ancestral hall."
The 50th Biography of Feng Ming Menglong in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: "Uncle Sun said,' In the matter of the state of Lu, the son stood first, and there was no place to stand. First, the widowed gentleman died of ceremony, made enemies and made evil, and the people were unhappy. If the kingdom intends to change Lu into a virtuous monarch, it is willing to get married and specialize in serving the country. It is not difficult to be hired at the age of 18. " "
He Qing revised Qiao Xianghuo's Note: Sacrificing Uncle's Appointment: "Those who say Spring and Autumn Annals take diplomacy as a derogatory term, which is almost unknown to the late school."
2. The court of choose and employ persons. The Three Kingdoms "Praise for the Good and Four Gongs": "You can avoid the hermit of Qin. Liu Xiang' s dispute, raising a camp, can' t be appointed in the court, and it' s cheap to keep the festival. " The prince should be ordered, and Han Si would rather be at peace. "
In the pre-Qin period, the monarch of the state of Hou appeared before the king of Zhou; The engagement between Hou and Guo was accidental, and they sent doctors to ask each other questions. There are certain rituals when meeting or asking questions. When the DPRK and the recruiter meet with the recipient, they should show their ID cards as "Holding Jade". Those who are hired by the DPRK will "resign" the jade first, then "accept" it, and then "return it". In the meantime, the envoys also presented chariots, horses and square objects to the recipients and employers; Recipients and employers present bacon, livestock and straw to recipients and employers as a token of gratitude.
According to the etiquette system of the Zhou dynasty, the vassals of the vassal States mainly appeared before the king of Zhou regularly, reported to him the achievements of governing Zhou, and presented property (that is, official tribute), otherwise they would be punished by demotion, land division and crusade. Appearing in court shows that the vassal and the king of Zhou have political vassal or subordinate relations and economic tributary relations.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, princes of vassal states rarely appeared in front of Zhou kings. The monarch of the state of Lu only appeared twice in front of the king of Zhou, and never appeared in front of the king of Zhou in his life. With the decline of the status of the Zhou Emperor, some vassal states became tyrants. Although they have no right to appear in court, they forced China and Hou Yaozong to form a master-slave relationship with them by virtue of their hegemonic position. In the past, the appointment of Hou Guo has actually become a "meeting with the court." At that time, in China and Hou Yaozong, there were many examples of monarch's "employment problem" to dominate the monarch. In 545 BC, six monarchs, including Qi, Chen, Cai, Bei Yan, Hu and Shen, once asked. Lu Jun 12 "hired" Jin Jun, and 1 "hired" Chu Jun. At the same time, the monarch of Lu, the middle-level ruler, was repeatedly "questioned" by small monarchs such as Teng, Ji, Qi, Zhu, Cao, Tan, Xue, Gu, Tan and Deng. It can be seen that the "interview" at that time has become a multi-level "meet the audience" relationship.
Interviews between some vassal States belong to friendly exchanges between them. However, the contacts between China and Hou Yaozong and hegemonic countries are more manifested in unequal political and economic relations. For example, the envoys of Lu and Zheng have successively "hired" gold, which is inexhaustible. It's called a recruitment problem, but it's actually a gift.
The recent Research on Appointment System in Zhou Dynasty is the doctoral thesis of Professor Li Wuwei, doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Ancient Books of Jilin University. Predecessors paid a lot of attention to the employment problem in the Zhou Dynasty, but most of them worked hard on some minor issues, often ignoring the overall research, so many issues were not discussed clearly. Professor Li Wuwei's Research on Appointment System in the Zhou Dynasty is a systematic and comprehensive study on the appointment system in the Zhou Dynasty as a whole, with extensive and rich materials, thorough analysis of historical materials, rigorous textual research and unique views, which basically solved a very important problem in the history of political system research in the Zhou Dynasty that was not well solved by scholars in previous dynasties. Professor Li Wuwei's research on the appointment system in Zhou Dynasty is characterized by starting with the basic concepts and then determining the categories and nature. On this basis, the formation, development and changes of the employment system in Zhou Dynasty are expounded in depth.
This book focuses on the Western Zhou Dynasty. The author comprehensively discusses the pilgrimage system, appointment system, appointment of competent officials, the relationship between appointment and hunting patrol, alliance, music and dance system, and the political function of appointment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its distinctive features mainly include the following aspects:
First of all, through the unearthed inscriptions, archaeological excavations, handed down documents and other evidence, it reveals the basic features and main characteristics of the employment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Second, the understanding of the political role of the employment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty is also in place. Therefore, the value of the research on the appointment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty has basically appeared.
Thirdly, combining textual research with analysis, we sort out the clues of appointment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty from the complicated relationship.
It should be emphasized that the fifth chapter of this paper, "The Destruction of the Employment System in North Korea during the Warring States Period", made an in-depth analysis of the destruction of the employment system in North Korea. This part is very important for studying the employment system of the whole Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period. It is very realistic for the author to put aside the spiritual essence of the appointment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty and pay attention to the "destruction" of specific etiquette forms. In this way, the clues of the evolution of the employment system in the whole Zhou Dynasty are clearer.