1. Please introduce Ban Gu’s classical Chinese works
Gu’s courtesy name is Meng Jian.
At the age of nine, he was able to recite poems and poems for a long time, so he wrote extensively about them and studied the words of nine schools of thought. What I learned from the teacher of impermanence is not to write chapters and sentences, but to express great righteousness.
He is tolerant and tolerant of others, and does not judge others based on their talents. Confucian scholars admire him for this. It is believed that the Han Dynasty Shao Yao's fortune was used to establish the emperor's empire. As for the sixth generation, the historians traced the merits and deeds and wrote a chronicle privately. They were compiled at the end of the Hundred Kings and were listed among Qin and Xiang. After the Taichu period, they were not recorded, so I explored and compiled the preface and compiled what I heard into the Book of Han.
The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty finally executed Wang Mang, the king of Xiaoping, for two hundred and thirty years. In summary, his actions were integrated into the "Five Classics", and they were linked up and down to examine and record the records of the "Spring and Autumn Annals". , Zhi, Chuanfan hundreds of articles. Gu received the imperial edict from Yongping Middle School and spent more than 20 years pondering over it until the junior high school was built.
His book is very important in the world, and scholars all recite it. Ban Gu, whose courtesy name was Meng Jian, was able to write and recite poems when he was nine years old. When he grew up, he read ancient books extensively. There was nothing he did not say without thorough investigation. (Ban Gu) did not have a fixed teacher, and did not stick to chapters and words. Just understand the general idea. (He) has a gentle and tolerant temperament, and does not think he is superior to others because of his talents. Many Confucian scholars admire him for this. Ban Gu believed that the prosperity of the Han Dynasty was the destiny of Emperor Yao, so he assisted the emperor in his career. In the sixth generation, Shi The ministers began to recollect the merits and virtues of the ministers of the past dynasties, and wrote this chronicle themselves, which was compiled after the emperor, among the first emperor of Qin and Xiang Yu. There is no record after the year of Taichu.
2. Answers to the reading questions about the sweat horse
The sweat horse is the most mysterious horse in the world. It is a hot-blooded horse and originates from northern Eurasia. It has endless Durable and stamina, it is a long distance riding horse, as well as a jumping and dressage horse. Since the Han Dynasty, the myth of the sweat-blooded horse in the Western Regions has been circulating for more than a thousand years. Legend has it that the sweat flowing out of its front neck is bloody; historical records indicate that the sweat-blooded horse "travels thousands of miles a day", also known as "Dawan Horse" and "Tianma". In order to obtain it, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to the west twice...
In order to compete for sweat-blooded horse breeds, two bloody wars took place in the Han Dynasty of China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent an envoy of more than a hundred people to the Kingdom of Dayuan with a gold horse model, hoping to exchange a heavy gift for the Dayuan horse. After a land march of more than 4,000 kilometers, they arrived at Ershi City (now Askhabat City, Turkmenistan), the capital of Dayuan Kingdom. The King of Dayuan loved horses even more and was unwilling to exchange the Dayuan horses for the golden horses of the Han Dynasty. On their way back to the country, the Han envoy's golden horse was robbed in the territory of Dawan, and the Han envoy was killed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and decided to take the horse by force.
In 104 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Li Guangli to lead tens of thousands of cavalry to the border city of Dawan, Yucheng, but failed to capture it and had to retreat to Dunhuang. When they returned, only one-tenth or two-tenths of the troops were left. Three years later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once again ordered Li Guang to lead an expedition, leading 60,000 troops, 30,000 horses, 100,000 cattle, and two horse-reading experts to the Kingdom of Dawan. At this time, a coup occurred in Dawan, and they negotiated peace with the Han army, allowing the Han army to choose their own horses, and agreed that Dawan would send two good horses to the Han Dynasty every year. The Han army selected dozens of good horses and 3,000 male and female horses of average or below average. After a long journey, only more than 1,000 sweat horses were left when we arrived at Yumen Pass.
From the Han Dynasty to before liberation, Shandan County in Gansu Province has always been a military horse farm, and the introduction and breeding of sweat horses, Wusun horses, and Dawan horses have been carried out here. China has been very particular about horse breeding and crossbreeding since ancient times. The sweat horse is in good shape, obedient, fast, and suitable for long distance marches. There is a historical saying that when the Han army fought with foreign troops, they fought with blood and blood, and the enemy was so numerous that they looked at them with admiration. The pampered sweat horse thought this was a stage for performance and started to perform dance steps. The opponent used a Mongolian horse. Seeing that the Khanxue horse was tall, thin and hairy, he thought it was a strange animal and retreated without a fight. The sweat horse entered our country from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty. It flourished for thousands of years, but later disappeared without a trace. The introduced sweat horses include male and female horses, and breeding is feasible. It was Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who introduced the sweat horses, and they still existed in the late Tang Dynasty. However, due to the absolute dominance of local horse breeds in China, any The introduction of horse breeds follows the following pattern: introduction - hybridization - improvement - backcrossing - disappearance.
Although the sweat horse is faster, it has a slender body. In the ancient cold weapon era, generals preferred to choose sturdy horses when riding on horses. This is also the reason why the sweat horse disappeared in China. At the same time, most of the horses used for combat in ancient times were slaughtered, causing some outstanding war horses to lose their ability to reproduce. 3. Travel to Mount Huashan, a classical Chinese translation by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Ban Gu's "White Tiger Tongyi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Huashan Mountain is the mountain of the West, and the flowers are the harvest. All things are blooming, so it is called Huashan Mountain." The sun of Huashan Mountain , the Yellow River flows eastward; its shade, sits on the Qinling Mountains. It is so precipitous and extraordinary that it ranks first among the five mountains.
On the fifth day of Gengchen in the Gengyin year, Yu Yu and his friends visited Huashan from Chang'an via Lintong.
We arrived at the beginning of the day and it was already past noon. We had a good meal in the wild shop at the foot of the mountain and then headed to the North Peak via the ropeway. Leaning on Cha'er Rock, passing through the Qijue Canglong Ridge, we continued for four or five miles to Wuyun Peak. The mountains are covered with greenery, and as far as the eye can see, the precipitous peaks are as far as the eye can see. Yu said: Stay overnight at Wuyun Peak. He said to him: How wonderful! Then we went to the guest room, took a short rest, and then headed to Xifeng.
Climb the cliff and enter the trail, just like the plank road in the middle of Sichuan. It is steep and circuitous. Fortunately, we have set up the threshold, so we can safely take advantage of it.
After passing Jinsuo Pass, we reached the top of the West Peak, where agarwood split the mountain to save our mother, and everyone was delighted. The five clouds turned back again, and it was already sunset. The three of them were walking, like drizzle, the stream was far away and near, and the pines and cypresses were green. The gloomy place on the other side is an empty and lonely valley. 4. Please translate it into classical Chinese and interpret it as Tingwei - Ban Gu's "Book of Han"
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Later he was appointed as a Tingwei. Shortly thereafter, when the emperor was on patrol and passed the Zhongwei Bridge in the north of Chang'an City, a man suddenly ran out from under the bridge. The horse that the emperor was driving was frightened.
So he ordered the knights to capture the man and hand him over to Ting Wei Zhang Shizhi. Zhang Shizhi interrogated that person.
The man said: "I am a countryman from Chang'an County. I heard the order to prohibit people from passing through Qingdao, so I hid under the bridge. After a long time, I thought the emperor's team had passed, so I walked from the bridge When I came out, I saw the emperor's motorcade and started running immediately."
Then the Tingwei reported to the emperor the punishment that the man deserved, saying that he had violated the Qingdao prohibition and should be fined. Emperor Wen was angry and said: "This man frightened my horse. Fortunately, my horse is tame and gentle. If it had been another horse, it might have injured me. But Tingwei sentenced him to a fine!" Zhang Shizhi said: "The law It is what the emperor and the people of the world should abide by.
Now the law stipulates this, but the punishment must be increased, so that the law cannot win the trust of the people. At that time, the emperor asked people to order it immediately. Just kill him.
Now that this person is handed over to Tingwei, Tingwei is the leader of fair law enforcement in the world. If there is a slight deviation, the law enforcement officials in the world will do whatever they want. Wouldn't the common people be at a loss? I hope your majesty will understand." After a while, the emperor said: "The sentence of Ting Wei is correct." 5. Answers to the reading of Han Xue Ma (prose) (50 points for correct answer).
1. The purpose is to allow us to better understand the feelings of men and horses helping each other
2. The real object is the horse, and the fictitious content is the man
3. The horse snorted. It struggled to pull its legs out of the deep yellow sand again and again: even so, it still pulled hard on the reins from time to time to help its owner no longer want to help, but it was still too tired after all. The man patted the horse's back distressedly, and finally found a sandy opening leeward and lay down. The horse nestled in front of his head, using its body to block the wind. When the man saw it, he smiled hard and expressed his gratitude.
The moon has risen, and the wilderness has become pale and mysterious. A melancholy moonlight shines on the man and the horse, making them look like a dark clay sculpture that is gradually weathering.
When the man woke up, the scorching sun was already hanging high above the desert. He couldn't remember how many days it had been since he broke into the Gobi. He was just being dragged along in a daze by the same tired horses, and occasionally saw the bones of human beings exposed by the wind and sand. The man's lips were murmuring, and many illusions continued to appear in front of his eyes. He seemed to see himself killing the enemy who killed his whole family, and working with his brothers to kill the rich and give to the poor. He also seemed to see the officials surrounding and killing all the brothers, and also wanted to surround and kill his best friend Yuru. He wanted to fight the officials desperately , but Yuru told him to rush out. He rushed out and entered the Gobi, but finally fainted from hunger.
When he woke up, the horse was neighing. He kicked the knife in front of him with his hoof, then lay down again and pointed his neck at his face. The man understood immediately, and Ma asked him to quench his thirst with his own blood. Tears welled up in the man's eyes. He hugged the horse's neck and slowly picked up the knife; but instead of cutting the horse, he cut his own wrist. Blood gushes out, and he points his wrist at the horse's mouth. The horse seemed to understand. He sucked for a few times and then turned his head away. The man saw tears in the horse's eyes. He tore a cloth towel, wrapped the wound, and slowly climbed onto the horse's back. The horse stood up and walked forward with difficulty, but the man fainted.
After an unknown amount of time and many days and nights, a long neigh from the horse woke him up. The man vaguely saw a piece of green land, and the horse tried its best to run hard and was sweating. The man touched it with his hand and smelled a strange smell. When he held it up, he saw that there was blood in the sweat. ......
4. Written using the order of development of events
5. Don’t know 6. The qualities of a sweaty horse /p>
"The Bloody Horse" (1986.8). It describes the sweaty horse running at full speed, exhausting its sweat and blood, and then spontaneously ignites and falls to the ground. It is tragic and beautiful: galloping forward/whole body is steaming like clouds of blood/over it. Snow-covered slopes/Frozen clouds/Life stopped and spontaneously ignited to shed every drop of blood/Use muscles and bones to gallop on a thousand-blooded horse/Plop down the pinnacle of life/Incineration flowers/Snow-white flowers. Poems are in danger, the spirit is depressed and comfortable, and it can inspire the power of resistance against fate. Poetry types of resistance A very cute portrayal.
Help summarize: tenacity, perseverance, tragedy and passion
Think about the topic: If you are doing your own homework, what topic should you choose from life to write about (this question We will talk about it later (we will not practice today); if someone else gives the question, you have to think about how to answer the question and how not to go off topic. It solves the problem of "hats" and must not be worn arrogantly.