The original suona was a musical instrument spread in Persia and Arabia. Even the name suona is a transliteration of Surnā from ancient Persia. The suona appeared in China around the third century AD. The image of the suona player playing in the mural in Cave 38 of the Kizil Grottoes in Baicheng, Xinjiang is already there. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties more than 700 years ago, it spread to the Central Plains of my country.
In the Ming Dynasty, suona began to be recorded in ancient books:
During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), suona was widely used in my country. Qi Jiguang (1527-1587), a military general in the Ming Dynasty, once used suona in military music. In his "New Book of Ji Xiao·Wu Bei Zhi", he said: "Anyone who plays the flute is playing the suona."
More detailed records can be found in "Sancai Tuhui" (1607 edition) compiled by Wang Qi of the Ming Dynasty: The suona is made like a trumpet, with seven holes; the head and tail are made of copper, and the pipe is made of wood. I don’t know when it started, but it was the joy of being in the army. Nowadays, it is widely used among the people. "
Wang Pan of the Ming Dynasty's "Chao Tianzi: Ode to the Trumpet" is the best article describing the suona: "Trumpet, suona, the music is small, the tune is loud. The official ship traffic is chaotic, and it all depends on you to raise your status. The army is worried after hearing the news, and the people are afraid after hearing the news. How can one tell whether an official is true or false? Seeing it blow over this house and damage that house, it only makes the water drain out and the geese fly away. ”
In the late Ming Dynasty, suona has occupied an important position in opera music, used to accompany singing and play transitional tunes. In folk instrumental music based on opera music, suona has also become an inseparable instrument. .
In the Qing Dynasty, Suona was called "Surnai" and was included in the court's "Huibu Music". Today, Suona has become one of the musical instruments widely used by people of all ethnic groups in our country. /p>
The country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Saxophone is one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. It was invented in 1840 by the Belgian Antoine-Joseph Sax (1814-1894). Adolf was a keen instrument maker who was good at playing clarinet and flute. His original idea was to design one for orchestra. A bass instrument that is more flexible than the Ophicleide and can be adapted to outdoor performances. He combined the mouthpiece of the bass clarinet with the body of the Ophicleide and improved it, naming it after himself. This new type of musical instrument. Adolphe Antoine Sax was born in Dinant, a small town in Belgium. His father was a famous musical instrument manufacturer at the age of 15. He was already an outstanding student at the Brussels Conservatoire and performed with the Brussels Symphony Orchestra. He already had considerable attainments in flute and clarinet. It was precisely because of his improvement of the clarinet that he became the clarinet player. He became a standard member of the symphony. The Belgian government greatly encouraged him and awarded him the second prize at an exhibition. However, Adolf Sachs felt a little disappointed that he failed to win the first prize. Disappointed, he went to Paris to develop. In 1842, Adolf Sax invented the first saxophone, which was a baritone saxophone. The invention of this instrument left a deep impression on Adolf Sax's good friend Berlioz. One of the most influential musicians in Europe at the time, he praised the instrument invented by Adolf Sax in various media, saying that this instrument had the most human characteristics. People named it after Adolf Sax. Naming the instrument - "Saxophone", an instrument with the most beautiful sound and the most distinctive shape was born. In 1844, the saxophone was first used in George Kaitner's opera "The Last Jew". In "The King", Berlioz also composed a Qin song "Hymn" for saxophone. In 1946, Adolf Sachs obtained the patent for the saxophone instrument, which established his prominent position in the Paris music circle. Known as a genius in Europe, Adolf Sax then opened a saxophone manufacturing company in Paris. Adolf Sax invented 14 saxophones of different sizes and shapes (including small soprano saxophones and large ones). The bell mouth of the bass saxophone is so big that it can even fit a child. ) In 1851, Adolf Sachs obtained a patent for a metal bassoon with a hole spacing of twenty-four keys. This kind of metal bassoon was called the "Sachs body Adolf Sachs
system bassoon" . In 1853, the French army began to use the saxophone, which perfectly combined woodwind and brass music. At that time, wind bands from all European countries came to buy the instrument invented and produced by Adolf Sachs - the saxophone, which made Adolf Sax become a very wealthy man. Adolf Sachs's success aroused the jealousy of his peers, so they took him to court, saying that Adolf Sachs had stolen their patents. Adolf Sachs fought heroically to defend his invention and honor. In 1885, the French Selmer wind instrument manufacturing company was established in Paris. The company was named after its founder Henri Selmer.
The Selma Musical Instrument Manufacturing Company primarily produces single-reed instruments, especially saxophones and clarinets, and is known throughout the world for its outstanding product quality. Around 1886, the first brass band in my country's history was established, founded by Robert Hart [1835--1911], a foreigner who was then the General Affairs Department of China's Customs. In 1887, Adolf Saxophone added a "B flat" key under the original lowest "B" key of the saxophone, and installed key-protecting half keys on several of the lowest and larger keys. Framing device. In 1894, Adolf Sachs died penniless in Paris. However, what comforts his soul in heaven is that after years of hard work by his lawyer, he finally won the lawsuit against his opponent. Before 1900, there were not many works about the saxophone. Because many musicians did not know whether the saxophone instrument could exist for a long time, many musicians did not get involved in the field of the saxophone. However, the saxophone can still be found in the symphony orchestra. figures, and have outstanding performances, such as Bizet's "Girls of the City of Allais"; Ravel Mossorgsky's "Picture Exhibition", etc. In 1903, Debussy composed a work "Rhapsody" for alto saxophone and wind band for Mrs. Hall of Boston, a particularly wealthy woman who later became an excellent saxophone player. To play the Qin family, she also invited famous composers such as Dan Di and Loveler to compose works for the saxophone. At the beginning of the century, European military bands toured the North American continent, and some saxophone players settled in Louisiana, the United States. Until the 1920s, jazz musicians brought tenor saxophone into jazz. The rich expressiveness of the saxophone in jazz music has amazed the world, thus establishing the absolute status of the saxophone in the jazz music. Sidney Beechert is also known as the "father of the saxophone" ". The saxophone once appeared in Shanghai theaters in my country in the 1930s and 1940s. However, after liberation, the saxophone was regarded as an unpopular instrument and disappeared for a time. After the reform and opening up, the number of people learning the saxophone has increased. The saxophone has appeared frequently in various media and performances. Its beautiful tone has also been loved by more and more Chinese people. In addition, famous foreign saxophone players And famous jazz bands come to my country for exchange visits. More and more people are learning saxophone. Even in primary school campuses in Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an and other places in my country, a considerable number of primary school students can play saxophone. As time goes by, I firmly believe that more people will know, learn and understand saxophone.