There are not only bustling commercial streets in the mountains, but also ancient temples and mysterious temples.
On September 29th, 20021year, the model entrance of Millennium Old Street officially opened. Photo courtesy of Wu Yong/North Night New Vision
Why did Moshikou change its name to "Model Port"?
Die mouth, formerly known as grindstone mouth, is said to be named after making grindstones. There is also a saying that the grinding mouth should be a "grinding mouth". Because there is a record in Biography of Historical Records of Le Yi that "Ding is a mill", it is said that this is the mill of the Yan State in the pre-Qin period, but this statement has not been confirmed by the archaeological community.
Moshikou was originally a pass, with Yanshan Mountain in the north and Taihang Mountain in the west. It has been a military fortress since ancient times. "Guangxu Shuntianfu Geography" said: "Thirty-five miles northwest, Moshikou Town, Qianzong Town." Because it is a fortress, Moshikou Ancient Street is surrounded by the original city wall. The three archways along the street are closed, and the gates are guarded by soldiers. All the existing doorways were destroyed except some wall foundations.
Moshikou is also the main road to Beijing. Teams of camels transported coal, firewood and stones from Xishan, fur and animal meat from Saibei to Beijing, which prospered Beijing's economy and set fire to this village street. Hostels, shops and workshops specializing in merchant business came into being. Until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were more than 30 shops and dozens of vendors in Sanli Street. Every day, all kinds of hawking are heard, and camel bells come and go.
Speaking of camels, I can't help thinking of Lao She's Camel Xiangzi. Many Beijingers know about Moshikou from this novel. In the novel, the driver Xiangzi was caught by a group of defeated soldiers and walked in the mountains in the west for several days. Suddenly, Xiangzi saw the camel! He thought, this must be the flat ground. "Have you gone round and round the millstone?" He knew that for soldiers, "Moshikou is a good place to go back to Xishan to the northeast; To the south, you can go to Changxindian or Fengtai. " If he runs from here, he can run to Haidian in one step. While it was dark, he picked up three camels that the defeated soldiers had robbed, crossed the Moshikou all the way to the east and fled back to Beiping ... The model population also loved to say this: Xiangzi the camel came out from here.
In the Qing Dynasty, Beijingers were familiar with Moshikou, because Moshikou was one of the four southern roads into Miao Feng to burn incense. "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital": "From Moshikou to Long 'en Temple in the west, several miles to Sancun"-that is, the third shop. After three stores, we "went out of Hunhe Cliff" and entered the mountain. Chunshan is from the first day of April to the fifteenth day, and Qiushan is from July 25th to the first day of August. At that time, devout pilgrims who went to worship Queen Bi Xia Yuan Jun will flow in groups in the road.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/923, Moshikou was officially renamed as a model port.
Pattern means model and model. 19 19 to 192 1, Longyan iron ore company set up an ironmaking plant and power plant in Shijingshan, but when laying telephone poles, there was a dispute with Moshikou villagers due to land occupation. Li Yaxuan, a celebrity in the village, was a native of Hebei at that time. He came forward to mediate and the dispute was settled. Some villagers were employed in iron works, so Moshikou village first used electricity and started a primary school-this was in the early 1920s. Forty or fifty years later, there are still some kerosene lamps in the suburbs of Beijing! Li Yaxuan thought that Moshikou had the conditions to be a demonstration village, so he suggested to Tang Xiaoqiu, the county magistrate of wanping county, that Moshikou should be changed into a demonstration village, which has been used since then.
Modaokou Gudao Tuodui
Why did thomas lee build fahai temple?
At the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain and north of Modaokou Old Street, an ancient temple is hidden in the dense forest that covers the sky. This is the national key cultural relics protection unit fahai temple, which is famous for its exquisite murals.
Fahai temple Mural Flying (Partial)
Fahai temple was founded in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1439). A total of 169 painters and craftsmen participated in the painting of temple buildings and murals, which took four years and eight months to complete. The Shurangama Sutra in front of the temple is engraved with the names of fifteen court painters, and it has been well preserved so far. The stone tablet erected in the eighth year of orthodoxy (1443) tells us that thomas lee, the eunuch, built fahai temple. The inscription was written by Hu Meng, a minister of rites at that time. There used to be a grave on the right side of the mountain gate, but now there are only tombstones and some broken bricks left. This tomb belongs to thomas lee. The inscription on the tombstone was also written by Hu Ying.
Hu Meng is no ordinary person. He was a confidant of Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. From the fifth year of Yongle, he secretly searched for the whereabouts of the emperor in the name of "awarding books" and searching for Zhang Mahu. It was not until the twenty-first year of Yongle that he reported the exact news to Judy, and Judy was relieved. During the crown prince's reign, Hanwang Zhu repeatedly created rumors in order to seek the position of prince. Hu Meng was ordered to visit, and then the prince's "sincere respect and filial piety" report was given to Judy, and Zhu Gaochi kept the right to inherit the throne. Hu Ying was a scholar in the second year of Wen Jian. When he arrived in Jingtai Dynasty, he was already a veteran of the Six Dynasties.
Thomas lee is no less qualified than Hu Meng. He is Judy's personal bodyguard. According to Hu Ying's inscription, thomas lee was born in Hongwukis (1389) and was loved by Judy since childhood. When he grew up, he fought Judy many times, and every time he wore armor to keep the environment clean. The inscription says, "On Chen Jia, (thomas lee) returned to Beijing"-this sentence is of great significance. In the twenty-second year of Chen Jia and Yongle, Judy died in Yumuchuan on her way back to Beijing. In order to hand over the throne to Zhu Gaochi smoothly, the courtiers secretly refused to send out mourning, and sealed Judy's body in a tin coffin and shipped it back to Beijing. According to Hu Ying, it was thomas lee who was responsible for escorting the iron coffin. Therefore, Injong Zhu Gaochi succeeded to the throne, and he "particularly favored" thomas lee. Xuande Dynasty, thomas lee swindled and cheated, followed Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji to personally conquer Hanwang Zhu, and rewarded him when he returned to Beijing. With the succession of Emperor Yingzong, thomas lee "spoiled and entrusted more and more". Thomas lee was also more diligent and loving the people, and was rewarded by the Emperor's python dragon suit and jade belt, with more manners than other eunuchs in the same period. In his twilight years, thomas lee, in order to repay the kindness of the emperor, used all his rewards and savings to buy wood and brick pigments and founded this temple. British Emperor Zhu Qizhen awarded him the title of "fahai temple".
Hu Meng's inscription said that thomas lee experienced five dynasties and was favored by emperors of all ages. His favor is irreplaceable-it will only increase. Moreover, he "made peace with the corporal, caressed him kindly, and collected stories for fun" and never bullied him. Accordingly, fahai temple is the product of thomas lee's response to "Liesheng Hong En" through Buddhist power, and exquisite architecture and murals are related to his personality.
Why is there a saying of "three noes" in Chengen Temple?
Modaokou Village has many historic sites, among which Chengen Temple is worth mentioning.
Cheng 'en Temple is located on the north side of the east section of Modaokou Street. Construction started in Zhengde in the spring of the fifth year and was completed in Zhengde in the autumn of the eighth year. On the forehead of the temple gate, Emperor Zhu Houzhao of Zhengde wrote five characters: "Hall of Chongci Chengen". Most temples engraved with the word "Ci" were built by eunuchs. After the completion, please ask the emperor to give them the name of the temple.
Chengen Temple was also built by eunuchs. According to legend, this temple was built by Liu Jin, the eunuch of Zheng Deda, on the basis of the ancient temple in the Tang Dynasty. However, according to the inscription written by Li Dongyang, then the official department minister, in ten years, the site selection of Chengen Temple was "After the mountains are high, towers rise, rivers embrace the sun, and plains spread around". The terrain is excellent, but at that time, "I devoted myself to the houses and practiced in Chai Misu for a long time", and it was only for the sake of building this temple that I "broke ground". Surprisingly: Who built this temple? Li Dongyang didn't mention anything in his inscription.
Cheng En Dian was started five years ago by Zheng Dechun, and Liu Jin, the most powerful eunuch in the twenty-four yamen, has not fallen. At that time, this man dominated the world in the DPRK and was called "Emperor Li", holding the power of life and death in the hands of the DPRK. It was in the autumn of that year that his property was confiscated and executed. It is not impossible to build Chengen Temple, which was originally initiated by Liu Jin.
According to the inscription on the tablet of Emperor Wuzong of Zheng De's eighth year in September, it was Wen Xiang, the eunuch of Li Si prison, who built Chengen Temple. The inscription says that Wen Xiang "bought more than three hectares of land, such as Wang Ding, in the Neigai Temple area next to the ancestral temple, thinking it was a territory". This statement is not without contradiction with what Li Dongyang said in his inscription. Eight years after the completion of Zheng Decheng 'en Temple, Zhu Houzhao and Amin Wuzong were invited by Wen Xiang to "avoid all kinds of chores", forbidding the temple's products and incense lands from "illegally invading and selling", and "named Zongyong, a monk, as Zuo Jueyi, monk record department and abbot of the temple, so as to attract people to burn and repair, and wish the country a long life". Explain that Wen Xiang became a eunuch after Liu Jin, and he was uncompromising in front of the emperor. Monk Register Department is a Buddhist affairs management institution appointed by the imperial court. Its director called it primary seal and secondary seal, which has the functions of saving the world, giving lectures, giving lectures and realizing righteousness. Court officials also serve as abbots, which means that Chengen Temple is an official temple.
The architectural structure of Chengen Temple is also very strange. He entered the gate of Chengen Temple, the Heavenly King Hall. On the east and west sides of Tianwang Temple, there are three anti-steering rooms; There is a bell and drum on the second floor of the pavilion above the corner room. This layout may be unique among temples in Beijing. It is particularly strange that there is a tall stone watchtower in every corner of the temple. Different from the sturdy watchtowers built in Haidian in the Qing Dynasty, these four watchtowers all have doors, windows and stairs for people to enter and leave. There is a watchhole at the top of the watchtower, a basement at the bottom of the watchtower, and tunnels between the four watchtowers. This is obviously for the military. In the middle and backyard of the temple, there is an open field. This temple is divided into two parts, the western part is dedicated to the Buddha statue, and the eastern part is dedicated to Guan Gong, the ancient god of war in China.
The function of Chengen Temple is also mysterious. Since the completion of Cheng En Temple, although there are monks and abbots, there are three things: no incense, no Dojo and no temple. Bottom line: This temple is not a religious place open to the outside world. Then what is it used for? Some people say that this is Zheng De's palace-Zhu Houzhao has been to Shijingshan. According to Ming History, in May of the 12th year (15 17), "Shang (Wuzong) went to Shijingshan", which is now Shijingshan in Shougang Park, only a few miles away from Cheng 'en Temple, and may have lived here. Some people speculate that Moshikou, the regiment camp, is an important pass in the west of Beijing, and it is undoubtedly necessary to station troops. What's more, the world was not peaceful at that time, and Beijing felt threatened many times. According to Ming History, in June of the sixth year of Zheng De, Shaanxi was stolen; In autumn and July, thieves committed Wen' an and the capital was under martial law; In the spring of Zheng De's seventh year, thieves committed Bazhou and the capital was under martial law. ...
There is also a eunuch culture exhibition hall built on the basis of Tian Yi's tomb in Ming Dynasty.
There are many eunuchs' cemeteries around Beijing. Ji 'en Village outside Fuwai and Zhongguancun in Haidian used to be the cemeteries of eunuchs. The most complete tomb in existence is Tian Yi's tomb. There are few records about Tian Yi in Ming history. There are three stone tablets in front of his grave, one of which records Yi Tian's life, and the other two are engraved with imperial edicts, proving that Yi Tian was highly prized during his lifetime. There are four eunuchs' tombs beside Tian Yi's tomb. On the easternmost side is the tomb of Ci Youfang, the eunuch of the Qing Dynasty. Outside the tomb table, there is a circle of twelve exquisite white marble reliefs. Every relief is a story: Sun Kang welcomes snow, Su Wu shepherds sheep, sheep hangs fish, Mi Fei worships stones ... There are several others, but the source is unknown. Let's wait for a knowledgeable expert to decipher them.