2015 History Postgraduate Entrance Examination Knowledge Points: Parts of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Literature "Jin Ping Mei"
1. Basic knowledge
1. Novel about worldly situations: that is, writing about the world and human feelings The main novel. The so-called state of the world refers to the entire social situation and various social conflicts and conflicts; the so-called human feelings include the entire spiritual world of people's thoughts, emotions, psychology, wishes and ideals.
2. Cihua version and Chongzhen version: refer to the two main systems of the version of "Jin Ping Mei": one is the earliest existing one with the prefaces of Dongwu Nongzhuke and Xinxinzi in the 45th year of Wanli (1617) "Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua", one hundred chapters. The so-called "Ci Hua" refers to the large number of poems, songs, rhymes and rhymes inserted in the book. This book and its engraving are collectively referred to as the Ci Hua Ben. One is the "New Carved Embroidery Portraits Criticizing the Plum in the Jin Ping" published during the Chongzhen period, also known as the "Original Jin Ping Mei", so this edition and its engravings are generally called the Chongzhen edition.
2. Works of major writers
Reading works: "The Plum in the Golden Vase" by Lan Ling Xiaoxiaosheng, "The Romance of the Gods" by Xu Zhonglin, etc.
3. Thoughts and exercises
1. What new achievements and contributions does "Jin Ping Mei" have in the history of novel development?
First, "Jin Ping Mei" is This is the first "personally original" novel that is different from the "generational cumulative" novels of the past. Second, in terms of material selection, the previous historical themes were changed into realistic themes. It became the first truly social novel in ancient my country. Third, in terms of character creation, ordinary people in society are used as the protagonists of novels, instead of focusing on extraordinary characters (heroes, gods) as in past novels. Fourth, "Jin Ping Mei" downplays the plot, takes daily life as the main content, displays the characters' personalities in a large number of trivial life events, and shifts the focus of the novel's narrative from the plot to the characters. At the same time, the exaggerated and rough description of details is changed into delicate and trivial.
2. What other famous novels were written in the Ming Dynasty?
Other novels in the Ming Dynasty can be roughly divided into three categories: historical novels, novels about gods and demons, and family novels. Historical novels mainly include "The Chronicles of Nations", "The Chronicles of the Northern Song Dynasty", "The Legends of Heroes", etc. The main novels about gods and demons include "The Romance of the Gods", "Journey to the West", "Journey to the Four Seasons", "The Story of the West", etc., among which "The Romance of the Gods" is the most famous. The worldly love novels mainly include "The Legend of Chivalry", "Yu Jiaoli" and "Pingshan Lengyan". This type of works also places great emphasis on "true feelings" when describing the "talent" and "color" of talented people and beautiful women. This is a characteristic of the ideological trend of the Ming Dynasty.
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