Dayue lived in the northwest of China before the 2nd century BC, and then migrated to Central Asia.
In China's ancient books in the pre-Qin period, they were either translated into Yu Zhi, Yu Shi, Niu Shi, etc., and later translated into Yuezhi.
in Kangxi dictionary, etc., the entries of "Yueshi" are all marked as yuèzhī, or under "Yueshi", the phonetic notation "Fish is cut off" is used. From the 5th century BC to the beginning of the 2nd century BC, the Yue people were nomadic in the area from Zhangye to Dunhuang in the west of Hexi Corridor, and they were powerful enemies of the Huns. About in the first year of Emperor Yuanshuo (128 BC), the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to other countries, and the contacts between them gradually became close. China is divided into five parts: Xiumi, Shuangmi, Guishuang, Pangdun and Dumi. Shortly before 177 BC, Yueshi broke Wusun, another small nomadic tribe near Dunhuang, and it was difficult to kill its king and seize its land. It was difficult to hunt arrogant children and their tribe fled to Xiongnu. From 177 BC to 176 BC, the Xiongnu took the initiative to send the right Xianwang to defeat the Yueshi. In 174 BC, the Huns were old and single-minded, and soon defeated the Yue family, killing its king and using its head as a drinking vessel. Most of the Yue people moved westward to the Ili River basin and near Lake Issyk-Kul, and most of the plug species originally living here were forced to move southward to the south of Hindu Kush Mountain. The Yueshi left a small number of remnant people in Hexi Corridor to mix with the Qiang people in Qilian Mountains, so-called Xiaoyushi, and the Yueshi who moved westward was called Dayue from now on. During the period from 139 BC to 129 BC, King Wusun grew up in arrogance and arrogance, revenged his father, and led his troops to attack the Dayue people in the west and seize the Ili River basin and other places. Dayue family was forced to move south again, crossed Dawan and settled on the north bank of Amu Darya. In the early 1st century BC, Dayue conquered Daxia south of Amu Darya. By the beginning of the AD, Guishuang was the only one in the five marquises, and the Guishuang empire was established. The two migrations of Dayue people had a great historical impact on Central Asia. It caused the demise of the Great Summer, prompted the Serbian species to invade northern India, and caused Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to send Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, thus opening up the Silk Road.
from the 5th century BC to the beginning of the 2nd century BC, the Yue people were nomadic in the area from Zhangye to Dunhuang in the west of Hexi Corridor, and they were powerful enemies of the Huns.
about the first year of emperor yuanshuo (128 BC), the Han dynasty sent Zhang Qian to other countries, and since then, contacts have gradually become close. China is divided into five parts: Xiumi, Shuangmi, Guishuang, Pangdun and Dumi.
Shortly before 177 BC, the Yue family broke down Wusun, another small nomadic tribe near Dunhuang, and it was difficult to kill its king and seize its land, and it was difficult to hunt arrogant children, and its tribe fled to Xiongnu.
from 177 BC to 176 BC, the Xiongnu Khan sent the right wise king to defeat the Yue family.
in 174 BC, the Huns were old and single-minded, and soon defeated the Yue family, killing their king and using his head as a drinking vessel. Most of the Yue people moved westward to the Ili River basin and near Lake Issyk-Kul, and most of the plug species originally living here were forced to move southward to the south of Hindu Kush Mountain. The Yueshi left a small number of remnant people in Hexi Corridor to mix with the Qiang people in Qilian Mountains, so-called Xiaoyushi, and the Yueshi who moved westward was called Dayue from now on.
From 139 BC to 129 BC, King Wusun grew up hunting arrogantly and revenged his father, so he led his troops to attack Dayue's family in the west and seize the Ili River basin and other places. Dayue family was forced to move south again, crossed Dawan and settled on the north bank of Amu Darya.
At the beginning of the 1st century BC, Dayue family conquered the summer in the south of Amu River. By the beginning of the AD, Guishuang was the only one in the five marquises, and the Guishuang empire was established. The two migrations of Dayue people had a great historical impact on Central Asia. It caused the demise of the Great Summer (Bactria Kingdom), prompted the Serbian species to invade northern India, and caused Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to send Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, thus opening up the Silk Road.
Chinese and foreign historians have quite different views on the origin of the Yue family. According to China scholar Wang Guowei's textual research, Yue's name is "Yu Bian" in Yi Zhou Shu Wang Huijie, "Yu Zhi" or "Yu Shi" in The Biography of Mu Tianzi.
European scholars also search for records equivalent to the Yue family in western ancient documents, and there are no fewer than six or seven different opinions.
regarding the clan of the yue family, China ancient books such as Wei lue called it Qiang, and Old Tang Shu called it Rong. In the past hundred years, there have been more different opinions in academic circles: Tibetan, Turkic, Indo-European, Persian and so on. Because they don't have words, and the records of Yue's own are not complete, we can only understand them through one-sided records in China's history books. As we know from China's history books, Yue lives in the Hexi Corridor, which is about west of Lanzhou in Gansu Province and reaches Dunhuang. As far back as the early Warring States period, Yue people lived a nomadic life in this area.
In the Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, the Yue family was powerful. Together with Donghu in the eastern part of the Mongolian Plateau, they threatened the Xiongnu nomadic in the central part of the Mongolian Plateau from two aspects. The Xiongnu once sent protons to Yue family. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiongnu proton fled back from Yue's family, and killed his father to stand on his own two feet. In about 25-22 BC, dispatch troops attacked Yue's family and Yue's family was defeated. Perhaps from then on, the Yue people began to abandon the Hexi Corridor and migrate to the west.
in 177 BC or 176 BC, modu chanyu defeated Yue again. According to Maughton Khan's letter to Liu Heng, the Chinese Emperor in 174 BC, "Therefore, the right wise king was punished, and the Moon people were asked to strike him in the west. With the blessing of heaven, the officials are good and the horses are strong, and the Yue people are destroyed by the barbarians, and they are killed and lowered. Loulan, Wusun, Hujie and the 26 neighboring countries are all Huns, and the people who lead the bow are one family, and Beizhou will decide. " After this defeat, Yue moved westward to Junggar Basin. To the time of the old Khan (174 ~ 161 BC), the Huns broke the Yue family again, and the Yue family moved westward to the Yili River basin. When the people of the month left Hexi, a small part of them crossed Qilian Mountain, "Bao Nan Shan Qiang, nicknamed Xiaoyue". This part of the Yue people will stay here for a long time in the future and gradually integrate with the Qiang people in Qinghai.
the Ili river basin has long been inhabited by serbs. Hanshu? Biography of Zhang Qian: "The Yue people have been destroyed by the Huns, attacking the King of Sai in the west. King Sai moved far south, and Yue lived in his land. " Serbs are Sacae(Sakas) in ancient Iranian inscriptions and ancient Greek documents. When the Yue people killed the Serbs, they migrated southwest, crossed the Syr Darya River and reached Sogdiana in the middle of the river.
Wusun, who had
moved to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and served the Xiongnu, under the command of his king Kunmo, "attacked the Dayue family in the west", forcing the Dayue family to abandon the Ili area and migrate to the southwest like the Serbs, and Wusun occupied their place from then on. The age of this migration was about 139 ~ 129 BC. Some people who failed to migrate to the west, like a few Serbs, still stayed in their original places and belonged to Wusun, so Hanshu said that there were "plug seeds and big moon seeds" in Wusun.
In the 2nd century BC, the Dayue family left Hexi Corridor to "fill the land", and was later chased by the same kind of Wusun, and went south to spit out the fire in Rostan, as far away as the northern Tianzhu country. In the Tang Dynasty, the royal family in Khotan, the most popular clan in Xixia in the Song Dynasty, and the clans in Gansu and Qinghai, such as Wazha and Wuhezha, were all descendants of Yueshi or Wuhezha. The pattern of Yueshi nationalities spread all over Hexi, Central Asia and South Asia was formed through many migration activities in a long period of time.
Stories spread
In 162 years before, Dayue was attacked by Xiongnu again. At that time, the son of modu chanyu, Laoshang chanyu, also killed the king of Dayue family, cut off the king's head and brought it back to Xiongnu to use his skull as a cup. The Yue people hated the Huns deeply, but they suffered from lack of support. And the only one who was defeated, Dayue, moved west again and came to Sogdian. Here, the big moon family conquered Daxia and founded a country in the local area. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it became prosperous due to the transit of trade. (Summer is Bactria established by the Greeks in Central Asia. About the demise of Bactria, the big moon family is just one of them. Another way of saying it is that they were destroyed by the West Xu people. )
In 138 BC, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard the news that King Yueshi was killed, he immediately called for people who could send Yueshi, because he had to go through Xiongnu to send Yueshi. Zhang Qian came to enlist, and he only took more than 1 people to the west. Out of Longxi, if you meet tarkan, Zhang Qian and his party are all taken alive and brought to Khan. When Khan learned that Zhang Qian was going to send an envoy to Yueshi, he said angrily, "Yueshi is in the north of me, and you Han Dynasty want to send an envoy over my head? I want to go to South Vietnam. Will Han Tianzi agree? "So Khan detained Zhang Qian in Xiongnu for ten years, forcing him to marry and have children, hoping to kill his will, but Zhang Qian always remembered his mission.
Finally, one day, Zhang Qian escaped while the guards were lax. He crossed the mountains and walked westward for dozens of days and came to Dawan. When King Dawan heard about his experience and the richness of the Central Plains, he was very happy. He wanted to make friends with the Han Dynasty, so he sent a guide to take Zhang Qian to Kangju and then to Yueshi. However, at this time, the Yue people's kingdom has established a new wife as the king. They surrendered to the Daxia country and got a piece of fertile land to live and work in peace and contentment. They no longer have the heart to take revenge on the Huns. What's more, they felt that the Han Dynasty was too far away from them and it was more difficult to help them. Zhang Qian stayed in Yueren for a year, but he couldn't fulfill his mission successfully, so he had to return home.
According to legend, the Dayue people are the people who brought Buddhism to China. At that time, it was 2 BC, and Yi Cun, an envoy of the King of Dayue, introduced oral classics such as "Fautu Buddhism". However, some people have pointed out that this statement is rather hasty.
The Yuet Family
As for the Xiaoyue Family, which moved to the southeast to Gansu and Qinghai in today's China, because Gansu and Qinghai were still outside China at that time and were governed by the Huns, this group of Yuet people who lived among the Huns gradually merged with the Huns, and were called Lushuihu, another part of the Huns. Among them, the Juqu family pushed the post-Lianghan official sector as the main industry, and established Beiliang in the present Gansu area. After Juqu Mengxun killed Duan Ye, he became the owner of Beiliang. Later, it was destroyed by the Xianbei people Tuoba's Northern Wei Dynasty.