2. Gunpowder was invented by an ancient Taoist alchemist and is said to be Sun Simiao;
3. During the first year of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty to eight years, that is, between Wu Gong1041-KLOC-0/048, an ordinary worker named Bi Sheng invented movable type printing;
There is no exact time for the invention and inventor of compass. Ceng Gongliang's General Theory of Martial Arts in the Northern Song Dynasty mentioned that "compass fish" was used to help identify the direction when marching. As for the "compass fish", it is a fish-thin steel plate, five minutes wide and two inches long, with a sunken abdomen and a shape like a ship. After magnetization, it floats on the water to distinguish the north from the south. Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty recorded three related records: how to make a compass in the future, the earliest discovery of magnetic declination in the world, and making a compass by artificial magnetization. Shen Kuo not only recorded the development at that time, but also compared the manufacturing methods, which became the best reference for understanding the invention of compass at that time.
make paper
Paper is a sheet fiber product used for writing, printing, painting or packaging. Generally, it is made from the aqueous suspension of plant fibers through pulping, staggered combination on the net, preliminary dehydration, compression and drying. China was the first country in the world to invent paper. According to archaeological findings, in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to 8 BC), China already had hemp fiber paper. Rough quality, small quantity, high cost and unpopularity. /kloc-in 0/05, Cai Lun summarized the previous experience in Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and improved papermaking, using bark, hemp head, rags and old fishing nets as raw materials. It greatly improves the production efficiency of paper quality, expands the source of raw materials for paper, reduces the cost of paper, opens up new prospects for paper to replace bamboo and silk, and creates favorable conditions for the spread of culture.
Printing and painting
As early as 1800 years ago, China invented papermaking. About 1300 years ago, China invented block printing. Movable type printing was invented more than 900 years ago. This series of great inventions not only brought the social production of books into a new era, but also brought human civilization into a new era. This is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to the progress of human civilization. China has a long history. Understanding the evolution of printing in China is conducive to better understanding the history of the Chinese nation from one side, cherishing the excellent cultural heritage of the motherland, and thus enhancing national self-confidence and pride.
compass
Compass is a tool to indicate the direction. Its main component is a rotatable magnetic needle. Under the action of geomagnetism, the magnetic needle can be kept on the magnetic meridian plane. Using this property, we can distinguish. As early as the Warring States Period (475 BC-22 BC1year), the working people in our country realized the same characteristics of magnets and invented the earliest guide tool "SiNa". According to historical records, Sina was used as a means of transportation before the Warring States Period, that is, the South Guide Car. The compass was first invented in Luoyang. The invention of compass indicates that the application of ancient gear system in China was far ahead in the world at that time. In fact, it is the pioneer of clutch on modern vehicles.
gunpowder
Gunpowder generally refers to the earliest "black powder". It is ignited by spark, flame or ignition equipment, and can burn quickly and regularly without the participation of external combustion improver. When burning, it will release a lot of gas and heat. Because it is the energy source of weapon launch, it is also called "propellant" in the military. China is the hometown of gunpowder. Sun Simiao (58 1-682), a great physician in the Tang Dynasty, recorded the earliest gunpowder formula in the world in Sun Zhenren's Single Crystal: sulfur, saltpeter and Gleditsia sinensis, which were burned together.