2. Chen Xianzhang's Preface to Taoism and its translation.
Chen Xianzhang
Since Han Yan Dynasty, the number of written records and writings in the world has accumulated for hundreds of thousands of years. As for sweating, it is still not enough. Xu said to people, "You have to burn books, too." Zheng Wen does not deny the traces of this violent Qin Dynasty. What is fruit? Chen Gong, Guangdong Province took Yuan's Song History? The "Daoism" in Biography is a series of rigid, and comrades * * *. A Journey to the History of Song Dynasty has a complete book in the world, so please pay attention. Oh, I know.
Confucius said, "There must be faithful people in a city with ten rooms. It is better to learn from the mountain." Later generations are all composed of sage scholars, and words are like the letter of saints, which are rarely achieved. What's the difference with the master's words? Confucius' learning is not what the later world calls learning. Later scholars only remember words and chapters. Heaven is with me because I am ignorant. Honey, why? There are many books, but poor work, confusion and confusion should be a worry for your son. Therefore, Qin fire can be sinned, and the gentleman speaks frankly. It has nothing to do with Qin, and there is a last resort.
Master, no, I can't say anything. In 1500 years, Lian and Luo Zhuru went hand in hand, and what they learned was not passed down to the world, or even passed on to each other. It is included in this editor for your reference. Although there is no struggle with the world, there are disadvantages. Suppress what I heard: Six Classics, the Book of Confucius; Scholars only recite their words and forget their taste, and the six classics are useless, so it is better to be a plaything.
This is a compilation, which uses the words of Confucianism as traces and its works. Scholars seek books and my heart, and observe whether there is movement or not, so as to support me, instead of confusing it with what they have seen and heard and using it in pieces, which is completely empty and unpredictable. If you have to write a book, you will get yourself. Cover me and study, and benefit everywhere; Blog me with books, and I will be at a loss. What this savage wants to provide to the public and the comrades of the Quartet is also exposed.
It is an order that accepts public order and good customs, so it is. Public name selection, word xian, Zhejiang coastal people. Mr. Wuzhai slaughtered the new city and left the heart of loving the people. Nominally, his family learned the cloud.
(History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 427)
[Note] ① Lu exposure: Modesty means insignificant contribution.
Since the Han Dynasty, there have been many written works, which have accumulated for hundreds of thousands of years in the world and have reached the point where there are many people, and they have never stopped. Xu Zheng Wen said to people, "We must burn the book again." Burning books is a cruel act of the king of Qin. Zheng Wen is not afraid to talk about it. What does it actually mean? Guangdong Chen Gong left the Song History edited by Yuan Dynasty? The book "Daoism" in the biography is printed in block printing and studied with people who have the same interest in it. The History of Song Dynasty has a whole book in the world, and Chen Gong only focuses on this series of studies. I know what he means.
Confucius said, "Even in a small village with only ten families, there must be honest people like me, but they are not as studious as me." There are many people who study Confucianism in later generations, but few people talk about loyalty like Confucius. Why is it so different from Confucius' words? What Confucius said about learning is not what later generations said about learning. Those who study in later generations only memorize words and chapters. In this way, what God has given scholars is ignorance. What is the reason? Scholars linger on many classics, but their research is not thorough enough, their eyes and ears are confused by the theories of various schools, and their wisdom is suppressed and suffocated. Gentlemen are worried that these are right. Therefore, it is wrong for the king of Qin to burn books, but a gentleman is not afraid to talk about it. He didn't approve of what the king of Qin did, but he probably had to.
After the death of Confucius, his profound remarks disappeared. Since then 1500 years, many scholars, such as Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, etc., have risen one after another, and found the classics that have not been circulated among the classics left over, and preached and taught again. The content contained in this series is already very complete. Even if you have fun with heaven and earth, you can. But I heard that the Six Classics are the works of Confucius. If learners just read its words and forget its spiritual essence, then the Six Classics is just a kind of dross, and it is inevitable to lose their initial heart in reading.
Now this edition of Daoism contains many scholars' behaviors and comments in their works. If people who study and study explore not only the spirit of the book, but also their own hearts, observe the relationship between phenomena and essence, and devote themselves to inner cultivation, instead of disturbing their hearts with what they see and hear, removing the cumbersome functions of eyes and ears and preserving the wonderful wisdom in their hearts, then, once they open the book, they will gain something. This is not to say that I got the true meaning from the book, but that I found my true self. Therefore, if I study hard, I can gain something everywhere; If you only use books to increase your knowledge, you will be at a loss if you put them down. This is my humble opinion about my colleagues in Chen Gong and all over the world.
Thanks to Chen Gong's orders, I wrote these words. Chen Gong, a famous scholar, was born in Linhai, Zhejiang. His father used to be a county butcher in Xincheng, and he cared for the people. Chen Gong claimed that this was his family's study.
3. Wu's translation of "Family Training Essentials" Wu: To learn family training essentials, be open-minded, be prepared, be strict with yourself for a long time, and don't rely on savings for great use.
Don't be confused by wealth, don't be confused by your wife and children. Don't let your elders doubt, and don't let your parents complain.
Fighting for the present will forget the great purpose; Deepen children's feelings and make heroism short-lived. Reading more books will make you awake, your spirit will be positive, and auspicious things will happen to God. God bless you. If you study less, your body will be empty and evil spirits will come in. When evil spirits come in, you do evil, and trouble comes.
People who are proficient in three talents are called Confucianism, and they often feel guilty for the time between heaven and man; If you have all kinds of good deeds, you can become a scholar. How can you forgive yourself and blame others? Knowing that you have yourself but don't know that there are others, and hearing others' mistakes but not your own, this is the root of trouble.
Therefore, selfish ideas are eradicated, and arrogant people are driven away when they arrive. At the age of thirteen, Deng Yu was an adviser to Emperor Guangwu. At the age of fourteen, Sun Ce became a hero. What he is afraid of is that he can't move forward because of laziness.
Your generation has done nothing to learn the interpretation of Confucian classics. Still not up to the level of the children in the village.
There are many differences in people's measurements, not just what! Worship teachers and make friends on the premise of age, seriousness and hard work. If you make friends with those superficial and active people, it will be harmful to making friends instead of fighting back. Nowadays, besides taking the imperial examinations, we should also make progress in our studies.
Isn't it a pity to live mediocre and die easily? The original scholar is such a scholar, and it is only appropriate to study it secretly. After finishing his studies, he will be like the rest of the world. Pursue fame and gain (4) attract voices (5), and different likes and dislikes will have objections.
Scholars who do not join the club and officials who do not join the party are considered half qualified. Be familiar with classics, be sensible and be reasonable.
The world is cold, and the same life is completely bleak. The fundamental plan of farming and mulberry is to count hundreds of thousands. There is no such thing.
Poetry and wine swim together, not today. Shame is progress.
Birds must choose their survival skills? , attached to the nonhuman? There will be a disaster. He who sees far is great, and he who doesn't eat the bait of the wicked is knowledgeable at twenty o'clock.
A seven-foot man has his own use, and life and death are up to him. As the saying goes: the body is more expensive than the thing.
Take advantage? The names drawn in are not all the art of respecting life? . People's hearts should stop at this square inch, be aboveboard, and go straight up and down.
If you have a dirty and despicable heart, your life will be ruined. Have a clear conscience, why worry about mice.
Clean up the light? Studying history can make me think. This seven-character sutra is also true.
Above fame, there is a little more, and justice and benefit are at stake. Between, not hair. Teenagers running late? There will be no achievements in the future.
Teenagers just need to cultivate their self-cultivation and study hard, and don't think deeply about gains and losses. The so-called success is happy and failure is gratifying. Disrespectful to elders and arrogant to friends? What is a long habit, even a decade or two? Note (1) We are: things within our responsibilities.
2 dark meditation: silently Xiu De, tirelessly delving into questions. Keep pace with the rest of the world: as famous as the world famous scholars.
Shoulder to shoulder: shoulder to shoulder. (4) rushing to fame: rushing to vanity fair.
⑤ Recruit voice: hand over and recruit colleagues. ⑥ Societies: literary societies in the late Ming Dynasty.
⑦ Party: cronies and factions. ⑧ Yin: sound and spirit.
Eight-part essay: Eight-part essay, a cultural and sports program of the imperial examination, is named because the text consists of four antithetical sentences and eight small parts. It is a compulsory course for scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Attending counting: means and methods. ? Birds must choose wooden houses: Zuo zhuan.
? Inhumane: A misbehaving person refers to an inappropriate person. ? Pursuit: serious pursuit.
? Zun Sheng: Take care of your life. ? Keep an open mind.
Land: heart, Buddhism takes the heart as the land. ? From slavery to ownership: the choice of justice and benefit.
? When I was young, I didn't want to do anything, but I did something gloomy. ? Crowd: friends and peers.
Hush and arrogance: vanity and arrogance. There are few honest people who make friends and trust, but once you study, your life will be far away, eliminating troubles and sins, and its benefits are endless.
Personality must have been cultivated since childhood, and it is a stopgap measure, and it is not good for a lifetime. In section 2, about creating justice, there are many people who are arrogant and harmful. Generally younger, but very reserved.
I took a man who had suffered. Read more books to understand the present and the present, and you can avoid troubles.
When a writer studies, he must have the rules of rope and ink, and if he abides by them, he can have no regrets for life. I am good at being sick, young and lazy. Once the news is sent, it's nothing to do with me, although it's a mess. Just sitting empty and careless, learning is also involuntary.
In recent years, sages have been learning from students, asking questions day and night, although they can't support it. Pet-name ruby east palace.
One day there was a temporary holiday in the temple, and the emperor said to the cabinet minister, "The East Palace has been abandoned for another four or five days." How many days can your generation devote themselves to tackling difficulties in January? Curiosity is difficult! Scholars attach great importance to the world and go to Beijing. History is the best to be familiar with. Only by working hard one by one can we achieve something.
You must have a broad mind and measure. You have to be inspired to do first-class activities? .
If it is really carried out, it will be dead and unprofitable. Bamboo silk history? , how can people! It's not appropriate. If you are angry, it's also a disease.
Reading more books can eliminate it. Loyalty is not complicated, and literature is secondary? ; Renyi capital is not scarce, and frugality becomes cheap? .
Pay attention to ① expedient measures: improvise, have it both ways. Loyalty: treacherous and changeable.
2 Meaning: Eight-part essay. 3 screenwriter: Li Jia.
4 give something: take charge of things, that is, inherit the family business. ⑤ Square inch: pure and sober.
⑥ Development without tools: talents without development and development. Yes, only, capable.
7 recently: recently. Ming Sheng: Indicate Zong Yi Zhu Youjian.
8 unable to support: unable to cope. Pet-name ruby East Palace: The Crown Prince lives in the East Palace, so the East official is called the Prince.
Attending the world: governing the world. ? Activity: Things.
? History of Bamboo Silk: Bamboo Silk and History of Qing Dynasty are reference history books. This is called the history of history.
? Loyalty system and etiquette don't need to be complicated and gorgeous, and literary color is secondary, it is only a supplement to etiquette content. ? As long as a person does not lack the qualifications of kindness and justice, frugality can achieve honesty.
In the original text, there are Ding Shi's relatives in the sea, and there are many surnames. The people who supervise them have a wide range of weather, and there are ceremonies but they are invisible. They have guidance but no speculation, so when a person is born, they are immortal. Depression 7, deep brewing, thick tolerance. There is no fish in clear water, and the wall is thin and cracked.
The car is not far away, still cautious? ! If you don't work for the public, don't say yes, and hate not to cut your ears and stick to others.
4. Classical Chinese, Han ... The first article is from Biography of Jin History (Volume 48).
Han Yu, whose real name is Han Yu, is his predecessor, great-grandfather and official. In five years, Yu Mingchang became the top scholar in two subjects, namely, righteousness and ci fu, and joined the Hanlin. Do a hundred articles a day, no extra points. He also wrote Biography of the Founding Fathers, claiming the title. Zhang Zong sighed: "How are you so lucky to have this family as a biography?" In Taihe Middle School, it was proposed to open the Lushui Canal in Luzhou and ship it to Beijing. I was promoted to private, and the knowledge about the transshipment of Shaanxi East Road was also given to me.
In the third year of Daan, the capital was besieged. Xia people even fell into Tai and Jing, and Shaanxi appeasement department was in charge of Fengxiang in dispatch troops, which won ten days over ten thousand people. He fought the Xia people, lost, and won more than 1000 horses and cattle. At that time, Xia Bing surrounded Pingliang with 50,000 troops and fought in the northern plain. Xia people suspected that the army was coming, but it was night. Passers-by were jealous of his achievements, but Xia Kou had a plan. The court doubted it, so that the emissary granted Yu He Pingjun an envoy to kill his army. First of all, Gong Li in Huazhou was isolated from the capital for sending troops to help, while Jed relied on his army to be available and wanted to be a diligent king. There is a proverb in Zhou Jun County: "Things are based on their roots, and disasters are based on their roots. It began with the thief's greed for bribes, and the second handsome greed for power. " Another cloud said, "Wrap up the grain, pay the money, and try your best to anoint the people. Abandon armour, and run out of capital in the national economy. Want power, look at the situation, and protect your wife for many years. " Another cloud says, "People don't die, but there are courtiers. In this case, take care of your relatives. And that one hundred years later, a listen to Mitchell in name only. Just like today, how can you live in the world? " There will be a day when the army will go straight, there will be a breach of contract, and people in the country will not obey, so we must engage in military law. Jingzhao unified the army, which means that the people directly rebelled against Huazhou, sent the commander-in-chief Yang Xuan to attack, and executed Huazhou. Gong Zhi once made a promise for a book about jade, which was unpredictable, and his book was to appease the income. And the messenger killed the jade army, and it is suspected that it is a crime. Yudao left Iowa, was imprisoned and died in a county school. Between the two poems in the dying book, the literati talked about grievances.
The son does not doubt, and the Tao lives among them. It is not a crime to die with my father, and I will never be an official. When my father died, he wrote a calligraphy cloud: "If I am possessed by ghosts, my heart will be bold and upright, and I will never sink. A son can be carefree. I try my best to protect myself when the world is in turmoil and difficulties. Although I am different, I would rather not see you. " The reader is sad.
5. Translated by Tang Haiqiu in Classical Chinese: Peng Ming, a native of Yiyang, Hunan Province, was a scholar in Daoguang for three years.
At first, he served as the director of the etiquette department. He was only twenty years old, arrogant and brilliant. The article he wrote was profound and peculiar, and everyone was shocked by his talent and turned to Zhang Jing, a military plane.
He was appointed as the head of the household department, transferred to Guizhou as the foreign minister, and promoted to Shandong Province to supervise the empire. In the military department, Tang Haiqiu can see memorials (submissions) from all over the country, and once worked in Tiger Grass. He is familiar with official business, has a slightly higher mood and has the ambition to take on the responsibility of the moment.
Every time I write to senior officials, I often express various views. By the time he took the advisory position, he had written three papers in 20 days.
An imperial clan, as the minister of history, scolded an official, and others followed suit and criticized him. The emperor shelved the throne of history minister. Haiqiu believes that officials who are at fault should be handed over to the relevant departments for handling, and they should not be insulted like servants; In the long run, ministers will gradually form a strong trend. If it is handled lightly, it is not enough to play a warning role, and the old things in Jiaqing years will be cited as evidence.
The emperor thought Haiqiu was not qualified as a lecturer, so he dismissed him and let him go back to the housing department to continue to serve as foreign minister. Haiqiu was planning to play at that time, and the article was very insightful.
But before he could play, he changed his official position. Seeing that his ideas could not be adopted, he became angry from embarrassment and wrote a book, trying to expose and state his ideas in front of the world and wrote 9 1 article. An article is thousands of words, covering academic articles such as the way of governing the country; Sixteen volumes of Lin Ming, pointing out the gains and losses of the previous generation; "Seven Classics Supplement", Xiao Ming's essence; The first draft of the stop letter pen recorded many legends or facts.
All the works are for people to see, except for the first draft of the stop letter pen, few people have seen it. Someone asked him (why not show it to others), and he replied, "This is a book hidden in a stone room."
The British invasion disturbed the coastal provinces. The emperor gave two orders, but there was no result. Finally, he negotiated a deal with Britain.
Haiqiu was furious, but she had been deposed and could not give advice to Qian Chao, but she still wrote an article and talked about 30 things, which were relayed to the emperor through her ministers. The minister in charge of state affairs said, "This is just a scholar's opinion!" " Although the emperor summoned Haiqiu, he didn't ask him anything but told him that I already knew.
Haiqiu has now been appointed as the secretary of the Sichuan headquarters, but the court has not examined him. Hai Qiu is unhappy, and his poems are often full of grief and indignation.
He passed away on July 24th. Forty-four
Haiqiu has written articles since she was a child, and her talent is outstanding. When he was a scholar in junior high school, people scrambled to talk about his manuscripts and his works, which were almost as expensive as Luoyang paper.
Haiqiu said, "These articles are not worth mentioning." Take poems from France, Han, Wei, Six Dynasties to Tang Dynasty and imitate them. They must be exactly the same and have their physical characteristics. More than 30 copies have been printed.
He also likes to write articles. He once said to his friends: "Some writers after the Han Dynasty wrote well, but they were not good at meaning and current affairs;" Some are proficient in justice and understanding, but have no literary talent; Only Lu in the Tang Dynasty and Zhu in the Song Dynasty have both. I want to follow the example of the ancients and aim at the two males. "
This is his point of view. Yao Ying said that some people dare not speak out because of the closeness and dignity of the imperial clan minister, but Haiqiu dares to impeach him, which shows his hard character.
He also crossed with Yihuang Huangshuzhai, Xu Lianfeng and Fu Heng in poetry. I still remember when he came to see me in prison. When I got out of prison, he bought me wine to celebrate with everyone. He also went to Humphrey's funeral and reluctantly sent me out of Beijing.
In the blink of an eye, life has been ups and downs for 20 years, which hurts! Original: Ming Peng of Haiqiutang, a native of Yiyang, Hunan Province, was a scholar in Daoguang for three years. When I was in charge of the department of rites, I was just twenty years old and complacent.
For the article, the shock is strange. The princes are different in their talents. They were chosen as military aircraft Zhang Jing. In charge of the auxiliary account department, transferred to Guizhou to supervise the Shandong Empire.
When you are on a military plane, you can see the throne of the world, and you can learn from Cao Cao and officials, so you have the ambition to shoulder the burden of life. Every time I write to a high official, I talk a lot.
And then ten days and the third chapter. There was an imperial clan minister who abused officials. His people blamed him and put him on the table for discussion.
You think that officials are officials, and if they are wrong, they should pay compensation, and slaves should not be humiliated; The minister is gradually becoming a powerful blessing, and the official is not enough to help Jiaqing's story. I felt that I could not speak as an official, so I returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
It is of great significance for the monarch to play grass. When you change your official position before going to the top, you will see that his words are unnecessary. Instead, you wrote a big book and wanted to make it public. That's 9 1 piece "Floating Qiu Zi".
There are thousands of words, general theory of academics; Sixteen volumes of Lin Ming refers to Chen's gains and losses; The meaning of "seven classics supplement" is clear; The first draft of the pen, a miscellaneous note about the facts. All the works are written by people, but not many people read the first draft of the letter pen.
Or ask him, "This stone room is also hidden." British barbarians and coastal provinces.
If you go to work again, you will be busy in vain, and you will come to beg for the city. You're angry. You're already angry, so you can't make any comments. There are still thirty things to do in history.
The minister said, "A scholar's opinion!" Although I summoned you, I didn't ask for anything, just report it. At that time, you were already a doctor in Sichuan, and Beijing was not allowed to take the exam.
Your feelings are depressed, and your poems are full of sorrow and sadness. Died in July of 24 years.
Forty-four You are not so literary and have a strange spirit.
When he was a scholar, he made art, and people scrambled to pass on his manuscript, which was sold several times in the market. Jun said, "It's not enough."
Poems and songs from the Han, Wei, Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty all require the same and prepare the style. More than 30 volumes have been published. He is also good at writing. His friend said: "The writers after the Han Dynasty, or those who specialize in writing, lack justice and current affairs;" Or be accurate and sensible, understand current affairs, and be not good at words; The only person who is with Song at the same time.
I want to elect the ancients and return to the two. "Well.
Yao Ying said: The imperial clan ministers are dear to each other, and those who hold their breath are raised. However, when you advocate playing with it, you can see the wind of bones. Jun competes with Yihuang Huangshuzhai, Xu Lianfeng and others in poetry.
I still remember when you went to the prison. After he got out of prison, he bought wine with you to congratulate you, held a funeral, and even sent Yu out of Beijing. 20 years of pitching, that's it, sad husband! This paper comes from the writing background of Zeng Guofan's Miscellaneous Notes on Classics and History during the Daoguang period: The Miscellaneous Notes on Classics and History is another selected reading of China's ancient literary classics which is widely circulated and has great influence in the society after Yao Nai's Ancient Ci Compilation.
The book is divided into papers, ci fu, preface and postscript, imperial edicts, letters, and funeral offerings.
6. What does Duan Zhangfu mean in classical Chinese? I want to wear a skirt and hat.
From: Advanced Analects of Confucius
Original: If the ancestral hall is agreed, it will be a trivial matter.
Interpretation: I am willing to be a small master of ceremonies in the work of offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple, or when the princes meet and greet the emperor.
End, the name of ancient costumes. Zhang Fu, the name of the ancient hat. Two nouns are used flexibly as verbs: wearing clothes and wearing a hat.
Extended data:
, Zeng, Gong Xihua sat with Confucius. Confucius said, "Because I am older than you, people don't need me." You often say,' People don't understand me!' What are you going to do if someone knows you? "
Lutz replied without thinking: "A country with 1000 personnel carriers is sandwiched between big countries and is often invaded by foreign troops. In addition, there is internal famine. If I am allowed to govern and wait for another three years, I can make everyone brave and good at fighting and know the truth of being a man. "
Confucius laughed it off.
"You Ran, how are you?"
You Ran replied: "A country with a vertical and horizontal distance of 60 or 70 miles, or 50 or 60 miles, if I am allowed to govern, I can make the people rich in three years. As for the cultivation of rites and music, you have to ask for another master. "
"Gong Xihua, how are you?"
Gong Xihua replied: "I dare not say what I can do, but I am willing to learn." I would like to wear a dress and a hat to work for the sacrifice in the ancestral hall, or to be a small master of ceremonies when the princes meet and greet the emperor. "
"Zeng Xi, how are you?"
Zeng's voice trailed off with a clang, put down his musical instrument, stood up and replied, "I have different talents from the three of them."
Confucius said, "What does that matter? Just talk about your ambition. "
He once said, "In late spring, I wear spring clothes. Go swimming in Lishui with several adults and children, play on the stage, and go home to sing. "
Confucius sighed and said, "I agree with Zeng Xi!" "
You Ran and Gong Xihua all went out and were the last to leave. Zeng Xi asked Confucius, "What about the three of them?"
Confucius said, "I'm just talking about my ambition!"
Zeng Xi said, "Why do you laugh at Zhong You?"
Confucius said: "to govern a country, we should pay attention to etiquette, but he is not humble at all, so I laugh at him." Isn't what Ran said just a matter of state? Where is it that sixty or seventy miles or fifty or sixty miles is not a national event? Isn't Gong Xihua talking about state affairs?
Sacrificing in the ancestral temple, meeting with the emperor, what is not a major event for the emperor? If Gong Xichi can only be a small flatterer, who can be a big flatterer? "