The Book of Songs before the Han Dynasty was commonly known as the Book of Songs, and it was called a classic after the establishment of the Five Classics by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, there were four poems, namely Qi (Qi Ren Yuan Gu), Lu (Pei Gong), Han (Han Ying) and Mao (Lu Maoheng).
In the Han Dynasty, Confucian classics written by Han Li were called "modern classics", while classics written in six languages were called "ancient classics", among which Qi, Lu and Han were modern classics because they were written by Han Li. Shi Mao, written in ancient Chinese, is a classic of China.
Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty occupied a dominant academic position, so Qi, Lu and Han schools have always been official schools. However, with the prosperity of ancient Chinese classics at the end of Han Dynasty, Qi, Lu and Han gradually declined. Among them, Qi Baishi died in Cao Wei, Lu Shi died in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Han Shi died in the Northern Song Dynasty. Only Shi Mao survived and became Shi Mao.
Shi Mao has an orderly beginning, which is called "big preface", and each article has a separate "small preface". The authors of Big Preface and Small Preface have always been different. The textual research of Four Treasures of the Study General Catalogue is detailed, which can be used for reference. In the era when Confucian classics dominated, the preface of The Book of Songs has always been an important basis for understanding the Book of Songs and an important way for modern people to enter Confucian classics.
Extended data:
The main literary achievements of The Book of Songs and its influence on later literature;
1, the unity of lyricism and realism.
Created the tradition of lyric poetry. The Book of Songs opened the way to express one's feelings, and lyric poetry became the main form of China's poetry.
In content, it initiated the fine tradition of realism in China's poetry. The Book of Songs describes the social and historical life of the Western Zhou Dynasty in China from various aspects, which is true and profound, profound and colorful, especially folk songs, and directly and frankly reflects the labor and life, love and hate, pain and hope of the lower class.
Daxie and Xiaoya started the tradition of political poetry. The Book of Songs shows the enthusiasm of paying attention to reality, strong political and moral consciousness and sincere and positive attitude towards life, which is summarized as the spirit of elegance by later generations and directly affects the creation of later poets. For example, Qu Yuan's Li Sao has both national tradition and elegance. It also inherited the bold voice of Jian 'an poets and the characteristics of Han Yuefu poems.
The Book of Songs established the position of folk literature in the history of literature, and some successful writers in the past dynasties also enriched their creations by drawing lessons from folk literature.
2. The artistic expression of "Fu", "Pen" and "Xing" created a basic creative technique in China.
Fu, narrative sketch. It refers to a straightforward way of narration. In Fu, Bi and Xing, Fu is the foundation.
Comparison, metaphor and symbol. Metaphor or analogy, using the image of something as an example, using this thing to say another thing. For example, in "Feng Wei Tells People", a series of metaphors are used to describe the beauty of Zhuang Jiang: "Soft hands, coagulated skin, collar like dragonfly, teeth like rhinoceros, drooping head and long eyes."
Xing, origin association method. Say something else first so that the lyrics can be sung. Starting with something else and then using it to associate it leads to the thoughts and feelings that the poet wants to express. For example, "White dew is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. " "Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. My son should be at home when he returns to China. "
Many excellent works in The Book of Songs express the poet's subjective feelings with the help of "Bi Xing", achieve the purpose of symbolic sustenance or scene blending, and depict a touching artistic realm. The artistic techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing provided successful artistic reference for later literature, and formed the national characteristics of China literature with long lasting charm and implicit implication.
3. Overlapping and four-sentence style.
Repeated composition is a remarkable feature of The Book of Songs. In The Book of Songs, there are often complex sentences and double-tone rhyming structures, that is, the words and phrases in each chapter are basically the same, but the words and phrases in the middle have changed, and they are repeated and the rhythm is relaxed.
Judging from the sentence pattern, more than 90% of the poems in The Book of Songs are four-character poems, some of which break through this fixed frame, ranging from two characters to eight characters, showing uneven beauty in neatness.
The characteristics of sentence patterns in The Book of Songs are determined by musicality, because most of the works in The Book of Songs are folk songs compiled and edited by music officials or music songs preserved for banquets in the Zhou Dynasty.
The Book of Songs also had a far-reaching influence on the genre structure and language art of China's poems in later generations. Cao Cao's short songs, watching the sea, Tao Yuanming's four-character poems of returning birds and persuading farmers directly inherited the four-character sentence pattern in the Book of Songs.
Baidu Encyclopedia-The Book of Songs (the earliest collection of poems in China)