1, source of infection
The patient is the main source of infection and can spread from the end of the incubation period. It is most contagious 2 ~ 3 days before onset, and rarely carries poison after normal body temperature. Detoxification time can be as long as 7 days after illness.
The virus exists in the nose, saliva and sputum of patients and is excreted with coughing and sneezing. Due to partial immunity, the infection may not occur and become a recessive infection. Although the drug carrying time is short, it is easy to spread among people, and the long-term drug carrier has not been confirmed so far.
2. Transmission routing
It is mainly spread by droplets in the air. The virus exists in the respiratory secretions of patients or recessive infected people, and spreads into the air by talking, coughing or sneezing, and keeps it for 30 minutes. Susceptible people can be infected after inhalation. The speed of transmission depends on how crowded the crowd is. It can also spread through contact with contaminated instruments or toys.
3. Susceptible population
Regardless of age, sex, occupation, etc., people are generally susceptible to influenza virus. Antibodies appeared at 1 week after infection, reached the peak in 2 ~ 3 weeks, and began to decline after 1 ~ 2 months, reaching the lowest level around 1 year. There are antibodies in blood and nasal secretions, but the antibodies in nasal secretions only account for about 5% in blood.
There is no cross-immunity among the three influenza viruses, and the immune maintenance time after infection is not long. According to field observation, although there are antibodies in the blood after 5 months of infection, it can still subsidize the infection of the same type of virus. Secretory antibodies produced by respiratory tract can prevent the invasion of virus, but when local mucosal epithelial cells fall off, they lose their protective effect, so local antibodies are more important than antibodies in blood.
People who eat salty food are prone to catch a cold.
Eating salty food can easily reduce saliva secretion and lysozyme in the mouth. Due to the osmotic effect of sodium salt, the function of epithelial cells is inhibited, and the secretion of disease-resistant factors such as interferon is reduced, which is easy to make cold viruses take advantage of it and induce colds. Therefore, reducing salt intake is beneficial to prevent colds.
5. Cold infection is related to brushing your teeth.
Someone put the toothbrush down instead of putting it up after brushing their teeth. Because the toothbrush still contains a lot of water, if you put the toothbrush down, it is easy for germs to breed on it. Some people can't cure their colds for a long time, which is not only related to their weak constitution, but also related to the gum damage caused by such a wet toothbrush virus.
Extended data:
Methods to prevent cold infection:
1, put on a mask. If you have the flu, wear a mask, stay at home or hospital as much as possible, avoid contact with others, and protect your family and others.
If you are nursing patients, you should also wear a mask to avoid infection due to close contact or being in a closed environment. If you are not sick, you generally don't need to wear a mask, but you should wear a mask when you go to an environment with complicated people flow and poor ventilation.
2, wash your hands frequently, don't be in close contact with flu patients, wash your hands for at least 15 seconds, first wet your hands, and then wash your hands carefully with soap.
3, pay attention to hygiene, patients used tableware (drinking utensils), contaminated clothing disinfection in time, and avoid direct contact with the skin, can be boiled disinfection or soaking disinfection.
4, regular disinfection, patients used items using disinfectant for cleaning.
5, keep indoor air circulation, strengthen outdoor physical exercise, improve the body's disease resistance. Pay attention to adding and subtracting clothes during the changeable climate.
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