In order to prevent the study of Zhanpo history from becoming a failed cause, he set out to compile a book to provide a "narrative of this nation's past, its religion, politics, law, customs and art". In this book, the king city of Champa is located in Champa, which is equivalent to some ancient Vietnamese cities, such as "Wang Huan Lin Yi".
Later, scholars in the Republic of China developed a rich and tortuous history of occupying women through these ancient names. For example, scholar Wang pointed out that Chambo is a transliteration of Sanskrit Campā. By studying the article "Jingzhou Fazhen Zen Master" in the Book of Changes "Biography of Great Monks Seeking Dharma in the Western Regions of Datang", there is a sentence that "the ship will return to the east and hope to make an exhibition", and he further draws the conclusion that "exhibition is exhibition".
After sorting out these ancient books, the general historical context of Zhancheng is as follows: Champa, one of the ancient countries in Southeast Asia, was the first country with the same history as Funan. The territory is probably in the south-central part of Vietnam, that is, most of Rinan County built by the Han Dynasty.
Its residents are mainly Zhan people from India (not fully assimilated by Vietnamese, but also a minority in Vietnam and Cambodia), so they were deeply influenced by Indian culture and once believed in Brahmanism. Archaeological data show that Shiva (one of the main gods of Brahmanism) is widely worshipped there.
Zhanren calls his country Zhanpo (this is a general term, so the title of this article is used), but in China's history books, there are three different names: Lin Yi at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guo Huan in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhancheng after the Five Dynasties. After Champa became independent from the Eastern Han regime at the end of A.D. 1 century, the north fought against China dynasties and the south fought against Cambodian kingdoms for a long time, and there was no big disadvantage.
However, after the rise of Annan people, the Zhanpo people were gradually eroded after hundreds of years of stalemate with them, and several monarchs who wanted to cheer up were only defeated even worse. In the end, after Annan, Li Shengzong of the Li Dynasty completely disintegrated and became a vassal state of Annan, and was finally quietly assimilated by the Vietnamese.
This ancient country has existed for almost 1500 years, and its situation is quite similar to that of the Byzantine Empire. Mr. Feng said that a history of Vietnam is actually a history of Vietnam's occupation and struggle. In a word, it is also a history of cultural conflict between China and India.
As the saying goes. The establishment of Lin Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a process of breaking away from the Han Dynasty.
Zhan Ren (now called Sister Xianglin) lives in Xianglin County, Rinan County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he rebelled repeatedly, plundered states and counties, and was tired of being a state secretariat. On one occasion, in the second year of Emperor Yonghe of Han Shun (A.D. 137), he recruited troops to fight back against the rebellion, but the situation was very dangerous. The imperial court planned to transfer 40,000 men from Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu to conquer, but due to the resistance of the famous minister Li, it sent people to surrender. Later, Xia Fang went to the state twice as a secretariat, with high prestige and fame, and he also declined.
At the end of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (190- 193), the county magistrate of Xianglinsao district was killed and became the king of Linyi, and Lin Yi finally became independent. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Lin Yi Wang Fanxiong (who took his grandson in the area, during which his lineage could not be tested), Fan Wen (who was a slave and later usurped the throne when the king died), Fan Huda (Wen Zi) and Fan Yangmai (Hu Dazi) plundered Rinan County from time to time, and the secretariat of the Jin and Han Dynasties had to fight against it for a long time.
Among them, Fan Xiong even wants to join the South to go north together. It is recorded in Water Mirror Notes that during the Wu Dong period, Lin Yi and Soochow fought in the Gulf and occupied the Suzhou area. Later, the two countries stopped fighting, with Shouleng County (now Hue) as the boundary.
This happened in the 11th year of Chiwu in Wu Dong (AD 248), but it was not found in other ancient books, and there was no name of King Lin Yi. In Song Wudi, Emperor Wu of Song was the last straw. In the 23rd year of Yuanjia (AD 446), Tan He, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, was sent to the south.
Yang Maiyang fought against Yin, and it was discovered that our army captured the area of Sogdian (the place occupied 300 years ago) and chased it to the south, which is said to be a trophy of 100 thousand Jin of gold. Song Shu only said that "all rare things are nameless treasures", and Nan Qi Shu had a funny exposition: According to legend, there is a golden mountain, and the golden juice flows out, so the national statue in Linyi is a golden man.
Lin Yi, who made peace, destroyed his gold man and got tens of thousands of Jin of gold. After his death, he regarded Shen Hu as a treasure (I don't know how Xiao Zixian knew it). From then on, Lin Yi was basically unable to invade the north. In the ninth year of Yongming (AD 49 1 year), he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of all military forces at sea, General Annan and King Linyi. This is the first time Linyi has been made a vassal.
The decline of the Sui, Tang and Chen Dynasties allowed Linyi people to invade again, but for a short time, because the military power of the Sui emperor completely defeated Lin Yi's ambition again. The attack by Emperor Wen of Han is a typical example: after Emperor Wen of Han destroyed Chen, the world was at peace.
It happened that Lin Yi hadn't paid tribute for a long time, and ministers said there were many treasures there. Wendi felt itchy after listening to it (Liu Song's story is very attractive), so he sent a general Liu Fangnan to levy at the end of Renshou. King Linyi led the elephant to fight, but Sui Jun couldn't beat him.
Liu Fang had a plan, so she dug many traps on the battlefield, then pretended to retreat and Linyi soldiers pursued her. As a result, Enemy at the Gates was in chaos and suffered a crushing defeat.
Liu Fang fought in Beijing, and eleven gold gods were trophies. In the first year of Yang Di Daye (605), Yang Di invaded Linyi and divided Linyi into three counties.
Occupy people, resist repeatedly, and finally successfully restore the country. Then the Tang Dynasty. King Linyi was photographed in Guowei, but he dared not expect anything and paid tribute again and again.
There is a white parrot in Tribute to Emperor Taizong, which is very clever and can answer well. Emperor Taizong pitied it and asked the envoys to let it go.
In the first year of Zhide (AD 756), King Linyi was killed by the powerful minister and destroyed by the clan. China people made the king's daughter king, but it was difficult to govern the country, so they made their nephew king and married the queen to him. Later, King Linyi was called King Huan.
During the decline of the Five Dynasties occupation, Annan took the opportunity to leave China. Since then, the two countries have parted ways, leaving only a purely vassal relationship. In Song Taizong, Wang Boyang of Zhancheng suffered a lot from Li Chaozhi in front of Annan and asked Taizong to send a letter, but Annan had to restrain himself.
Many such letters were issued in the Song Dynasty.
2. At the beginning of Champa culture in Champa countries, it is said that Champa once believed in Brahmanism, and today's remains are very rich. This indoctrination is an important feature of the early development of Southeast Asian countries. But by AD 1676, the Zhan people basically turned to the religion of * * *, which led to a cultural gap, especially for such a nation with almost no territory and in a precarious situation. On the occupied websites, I found that they were trying to maintain their traditions. The most striking sentence on the website is: As long as Champa's culture is alive, it will exist (as long as Zhan Po's culture exists, Zhan Po will exist forever).
The above brief description of the relationship history ignores an important issue, that is, cultural ties. Zhancheng was not greatly influenced by China culture, nor was it in the circle of China culture. It has always been an "Indian Enlightenment" country (this word is of course inaccurate). However, in the economic history of China, "Zhancheng Rice" is famous: the Jianghuai area has always suffered from the lack of drought resistance of rice varieties and no harvest in case of drought. Song Zhenzong brought 30,000 Zhancheng rice lobsters from Fujian and distributed them to the Jianghuai area for planting. He even tried planting in the back of the temple and showed it to officials when it was mature, which showed his attention. Zhancheng rice naturally comes from Zhancheng, which is drought-resistant and precocious. After the Song Dynasty, rice production reached a big step.
3. Is there a brief history of Zhancheng, one of the ancient countries in Southeast Asia, the earliest country with a history similar to that of Funan? Its territory is probably in the south-central part of Vietnam, that is, most of Rinan County built by the Han Dynasty. Its residents are mainly Zhan people from India (not fully assimilated by Vietnamese, but also a minority in Vietnam and Cambodia). So deeply influenced by Indian culture, he once believed in Brahmanism. Archaeological data show that Shiva (one of the main gods of Brahmanism) is widely worshipped there. Zhan Ren claims that his country is Champo (this is a general term, so the title of this article is used), but in China's history books, there are three different names. It was called Lin Yi after the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Huan after the Tang Dynasty, and Zhancheng after the Five Dynasties: no reading.
At the end of A.D. 1 century, after Champa became independent from the Eastern Han regime, the north fought against the China dynasty and the south fought against the Cambodian kingdom for a long time, so there was no big disadvantage. However, after the rise of Annan people, Champa people were gradually eroded after getting along with them for hundreds of years, and several monarchs who wanted to cheer up only suffered even worse.
In the end, it completely disintegrated under the clan signboard of Annan's pilgrimage to Li Hou, and became a vassal state of Annan, and was finally quietly assimilated by the Vietnamese. This ancient country has existed for almost 1500 years, and its situation is quite similar to that of the Byzantine Empire. Mr. Feng said that a history of Vietnam is actually a history of Vietnam and a history of cultural conflict between China and India.
As the saying goes. Tell me something about Zhanpo's customs. "Your daughter is not as good as your man, so marry with the same surname, and the woman marries first" (Book of Jin). At this time, you should still believe in Brahmanism. This sentence can be found in several official history books. "Everyone is a disciple, and black is beautiful" (Book of Jin), the "Na Man" tribe at that time. The battle is fought with elephants, rattan as armor, bamboo as bow and arrow, with thousands of elephants and 400 horses, divided into front and back. "("New Tang Book "), this is a very detailed description of its army. Liu Fang, a general of Sui Dynasty, once defeated elephants.
"Four years of tribute to the white elephant" (Ming history) shows that most of the tributes in the country are elephants, rhinoceros horns, spices and so on. , are rich in products. Several strange things are recorded in the Occupation Schedule (written by Vietnamese literati, unknown author).
It is said that there is a flying plague in Zhancheng, and there is no body, only one flying around to eat people. There is also a piranha in Zhancheng. Even in a stream, people only dare to take a raft.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the relationship between China and China, the hidden danger of past dynasties in the south was deep slope. Zhan Ben lived in Xianglin County, Rinan County, and the county magistrate stood on his own feet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Hundreds of years later, he saw the rise of the Central Plains Dynasty in Hinan County, until Annan no longer bordered China. (There is one more question. Historians have always speculated that a county in China cannot be entirely Indian, so Lin Yi and Zhanpo are unlikely to be the same country, perhaps one conquered the other. The earliest Zhanpo people probably came from Wu Dong to the Southern Dynasties, and all dynasties were basically left-leaning, so it was impossible to pay too much attention to the place of friends. As it happens, Lin Yi is still barbaric, far from civilization, and there are many robberies in the north. There is constant fighting between these two countries, such as Wang Fan Huda of Lin Yi, who is very young and didn't sign it. Sui and Tang dynasties were strong, and Yang Di even destroyed the country into a county, with few wars and quiet tribute days.
In the Five Dynasties, Annan rose and was finally founded. There is no serious relationship between the two countries. On the contrary, they have the same enemy. When forced to occupy the city by Annan, they often turned to the China dynasty for help. For example, among the 20 major crimes listed by Annan in the Ming Dynasty, six were about occupying cities. Of course, there is another episode in which the Yuan Dynasty attacked the city and plundered the land, although it fell and rebelled. Before the Southern Dynasties, Lin Yi was founded. Is the process of breaking away from the Han Dynasty. Zhan Ren (now called Sister Xianglin) lives in Xianglin County, Rinan County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was difficult to make a state secretariat because of repeated rebellions and plundering counties. On one occasion, in the second year of Emperor Yong He of Han Shun (AD 137), he rebelled, but the situation was very dangerous. The imperial court proposed to adjust Jing, Yang and Yan. His prestige was so high that he fell down as soon as people heard his name. At the beginning of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (190- 193), Sister Xianglin killed the county magistrate, became the king of Linyi, and finally became independent. Lin Yi Wang (the grandson of the district chief, during which his lineage could not be tested) and Fan Wen (a former slave who usurped the throne after the death of the king) had to struggle with them for a long time. Among them, Fan Xiong even wanted to help the south to go north together. There is a story in Water Mirror Notes that Lin Yi and Wu Dong fought in the Gulf during the Wu Dong period, occupied the Sogdian area, and then the two countries stopped fighting. According to records, Shouleng County (now Hue) is the boundary. This happened in the 11th year of Chiwu in Wu Dong (AD 248), but it was not seen in other ancient books, and there was no name of King Lin Yi. When it comes to Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, he is really forbearing. In the 23rd year of Yuanjia (AD 446), JIAOZHOU people were sent to attack Tan He's northern expedition. Yang pulse Yang fought with Yin and was caught. More than 300 troops occupied the Soviet area (the place occupied 300 years ago), and it is said that he won a trophy of100000 pounds of gold. Song Shu only said that "all the rare things he got were nameless treasures". From then on, Lin Yi was basically powerless. In the ninth year of Yongming (AD 49 1), Linyi was made Nanqi, which was the first time that Linyi was made a vassal. The decline of the Sui, Tang and Chen Dynasties caused Linyi people to invade again, but for a short time, because the military strength of the two emperors in the Sui Dynasty once again completely defeated Lin Yi's ambition. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty attacked Lin Yi as a typical example: Sui Wen. Ministers said there were a lot of treasures there, and Wendi felt itchy after listening to it (so at the end of Renshou, he sent general Liu Fangnan to collect them. King Linyi led a giant elephant to fight, but Sui Jun couldn't beat it. Liu was very interested, so he dug many traps on the battlefield and then pretended to retreat. As a result, all the soldiers were trapped inside, and there was chaos and a crushing defeat. Liu Fang fought in Beijing, and eleven gold gods were trophies. Sui.
4. What is the rise and fall of Champa? Champa is a provincial translation of "Compensation for Luo" (Sanskrit "Compensation for Luo" means City), which is called "Lin Yi", "Huan Wang" or "Occupy the City" in ancient China books.
Zhanren established Zhanpo in central Vietnam today, which was a county in China during the Qin and Han Dynasties. 198, Qu Kui took advantage of the decline of the Han Dynasty to become king and establish a country.
Zhanpo is deeply influenced by Indian culture and believes in Hinduism and Hinayana Buddhism. Close relationship with China, frequent exchanges.
There are frequent wars with neighboring countries. In 982, it was first invaded by the former Li Dynasty in Vietnam. When the capital fell, the king was killed and forced to move to the southern city of Shi Fo (now Pingding Province).
1044, the troops of the Vietnamese Li Dynasty attacked again, killing the king and many innocent people. 1069, the Li Dynasty of Vietnam invaded for three times, captured the Buddha's oath city, captured the king, and was forced to cede the three states of Buzheng, Dili and Maling to Vietnam.
/kloc-In the 20th century, the Angkor Dynasty in Cambodia and the Li Dynasty competed for the possession of women. 1 145 once occupied the capital city, the Buddha oath city. /kloc-became a vassal state of Vietnam's Chen dynasty at the beginning of the 0/4th century.
During the reign of King Peng E of Champa (1360- 1390), his national strength was strong, and he not only recovered the territory plundered by Vietnam, but also captured his capital, Shenglong (now Hanoi), and captured his emperor. After the death of Zhipeng 'e, the area north of Da Nang was once again occupied by the Chen Dynasty.
147 1 year, most of the territory was occupied by Vietnam after the Li dynasty, and the national strength was greatly weakened. 1697 was finally defeated in South Vietnam.
5. Looking at the historical map of China, why ancient China didn't use Confucianism to influence the rule of Myanmar, Viet Nam, Laos and other countries in China, and thought that it was a country of China, so it was considered against the etiquette to attack these small countries around. In the Qin Dynasty, Vietnam in the Three Kingdoms you mentioned belonged to Zhao Tuo, a South Vietnamese country.
In BC 1 1 1 year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed South Vietnam and established three counties, namely Jiaotoe, Jiuzhen and Rinan, in northern and central Vietnam. /kloc-For more than 0/000 years, the north-central part of Vietnam has been the direct territory of China's successive dynasties (Han Dynasty, Soochow, Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Southern Han Dynasty), which is called "Northern Dependency Period" or "County Period" in Vietnamese history. It is said that the toes of ancient Vietnamese crossed, so they were called "crossed toes" by China people. The name of Vietnam has been changed several times in history, and it was first called "cross toe".
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 192), Xianglin County, which occupied ethnic areas and even killed the Han Dynasty, occupied a part of the original Rinan County, established Linyi State (later called Champa State) with Brahmanism as the state religion, and Hue as the boundary in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di sent troops to destroy the country and set up three counties. During the Tang Dynasty, the country was revived, and China was bounded by Mount Hengshan. From 1 190 to 1220, Zhanpo was occupied by Zhenla, and China was later restored.
During the Yongle reign of the Ming emperor in the15th century, the monarch of the Vietnamese Chen Dynasty was usurped by his spouse, and the Ming Dynasty in China overthrew the Hu regime at the request of the Chen Dynasty's legacy. The Ming army conveniently occupied Vietnam, set up counties, and once again entrusted the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Communications with the task of direct rule, that is, "Annan returned to the Ming Dynasty." However, a few years after the death of the Ming Dynasty, Li Jue launched the Blue Mountain Uprising to expel the Ming army from Vietnam. However, after promising to maintain the suzerain-vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty, he regained his independence and established the post-Li Dynasty.
6. What was the first official country name in Vietnamese history? Which country has the following historical name:
1. During the kingdom of Wenlang, northern Vietnam:
China was a legendary hero before the Qin Dynasty. (The real name is Chonglan, the country name is Wang Luo or Wang Xiong) established a country in northern Vietnam, called "Wenlang Country", which was the first country name in the history of Vietnam, but at this time it was only in northern Vietnam, not within the whole territory.
2. During the Euro period, the territory of northern Vietnam:
In the first 257 years, Pan, the last monarch of Shu, led his people to the north of Vietnam and established the Luo 'ou Kingdom, calling himself the King of Anyang. After being occupied by Qin Jun, it was managed by Xiangxiang County; (In the next thousand years, northern Vietnam has always been the territory of China, except the South Vietnamese State established by Zhao Tuo in the early Han Dynasty. )
3. During the occupation of Pok Kuo, the territory of central Vietnam:
In the second year of Yonghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (137), the county magistrate of Xianglinsao in Rinan County, which occupied ethnic areas and even killed Han, became independent from the Eastern Han Dynasty, occupied most of the original Rinan County (central Vietnam), established Champa with Brahmanism as the state religion, and Hue as the boundary in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From 1 190 to 1220, Zhanpo was occupied by Zhenla, and China was later restored.
4. During the Wu Dynasty, the territory of northern Vietnam:
In 939 AD, after Wu Quan defeated the Nanhan Army in China, northern Vietnam gained independence from China 1000 years ago, but the country name was not formally established and the year number was used.
5. During the period of Daqu Yueguo, also known as the Ding Dynasty, its territory was in northern Vietnam;
In 968 AD, Ding Buling (Ding) conquered the separatist forces in China by force and established Daqu Yue (Ding Dynasty). Two years later, he proclaimed himself emperor with Taiping as his capital, and Hualu (now Ningping City, Ningping Province) was regarded as the beginning of Viet Nam's formal independence from China. During this period, Emperor Ding established the name of the country, the number of years and its capital. This is the first time that Vietnam has really been founded.
Although Song Taizu of China was later made king of Jiao Jiao, the ancient emperor of China officially recognized that Viet Nam was an autonomous vassal state and no longer directly governed China.
5. The former Li Dynasty, Li Dynasty and Chen Dynasty did not have titles:
In 980, Qianchao Li was established. 10 10, Le Tai t established the Li dynasty and moved its capital to Shenglong (now Hanoi). 1225, Chen Taitong (actually Chen Shoudu) established the Chen Dynasty. 10 ~13rd century, Da Yue expanded and occupied the cities in the south, and in 1402, it seized the occupied states of Zhandong and Gu Lei, pushing the territory of Viet Nam into today's Guangnan and generalized areas. In addition to expanding southward, the Vietnamese are proud that Chen Chao repelled the invasion of Mongolian troops for three times in a row, and Chen Xing Road was regarded as a national hero against the Yuan Dynasty.
6. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were periods such as "Hou Li", "Xishan Dynasty" and "Ruan Dynasty", but there was no unified title:
China invaded and occupied Vietnam in the Ming Dynasty, and set up the Chief Secretary (province) to rule directly in Shenglong. 1428, Li Jue defeated the occupying forces of the Ming Dynasty in China and became the post-Li Dynasty, so the Ming Dynasty withdrew its troops from Vietnam and recognized the legitimacy of the Vietnamese regime. 147 1 year, Vietnam conquered Zhanpo in the south. 1527, the post-Li dynasty split the north and the south, and the north was controlled by the Mo dynasty established by Mo. 1592, after the restoration of the Li Dynasty, the northern part was controlled by the Zheng family and the southern part was controlled by the Ruan family. 1698, the Nguyen family sent troops to annex Lower Khmer (now Mekong Delta).
177 1 year, the uprising of three brothers in Xishan (Ruan, Ruan Wenlu and Ruan) broke out, which successively wiped out Ruan Zhu, Zheng Zhu and the post-Li Dynasty, unified the whole country and established the Xishan Dynasty.
7. Vietnam period: territory, the whole Vietnam region:
1802, with the support of France, the Xishan dynasty was destroyed and the Ruan dynasty was established. Later, it was renamed "Yue Wang" by Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty in China, and the new country name was formally established as "Vietnam", which is also the origin of the name of Vietnam, which has been passed down to this day.
Others: From ancient times to modern times, the country names used in Vietnam are Wenlang (or Yue and Yue), Luo Ou, Nanyue, Wanchun, Yeneng, Daqu Yue, Da Yue, Dayu, Yue and Yue. However, China, the Korean Peninsula, Ryukyu and Japan have widely used terms such as "crossing toes" and "Annan" to refer to this country in history.
Hope to adopt, thank you!