How is the development of modern bacteriology?

After 1950, mycology has developed rapidly in recent 40 years. First of all, the wide application of electron microscope techniques such as transmission, scanning, freeze etching and shielding has played an important role in bridging the research of mycology from cellular level to molecular level. Secondly, with the development and application of physiological, biochemical and molecular biology techniques, the research on biosynthetic pathway, comparative enzymology, cell wall components, nucleic acid base ratio, DNA molecular hybridization, gene structure, transformation and expression system has developed rapidly. Therefore, no matter in the aspects of systematic development, fine structure, physiology and biochemistry, genetic variation and ecological distribution, or in the aspects of medicinal fungi, medicinal fungi, mycotoxins, mycology and systematics, it has developed faster than any previous period. The research results of fungal phylogeny are mainly manifested in the independent demarcation of fungi, which are juxtaposed with animal kingdom, plant kingdom and algae kingdom in eukaryotes.

Development of Bacteriology in China

In ancient China, there were many works describing edible and medicinal fungi, such as "Bacterial Spectrum" written by Chen (1245) in the Southern Song Dynasty, which recorded the growth period, morphological characteristics, color and fragrance of1strain. In the Ming Dynasty, Pan Zhiheng recorded 19 kinds of mushrooms in 1500. In Qing Dynasty, Wu Linchuan (1703) described the edible fungi in Gusu area, which were divided into three categories according to their practical value, and their morphological characteristics, fruiting season, collecting place and poisonous bacteria were recorded in detail. In addition, there are descriptions of fungi in ancient books, especially in agriculture, medicine, herbs, philosophy and poetry.

China began to study fungi with modern scientific methods in the early 20th century. Dai (1893 ~ 1973) began to study fungi and plant diseases in China after the First World War. His first paper was The Treatment of Current Plant Diseases (1920).

Since 1949, great progress has been made in mycology research in China, and scientific research institutions centered on the Institute of Applied Fungi of China Academy of Sciences (the predecessor of Institute of Microbiology) have been established, including fungi-related research institutes (rooms) in universities, which have expanded the research team and improved the research conditions. In particular, the brilliant 1978 ~ 1993 has a faster development speed, and the establishment of fungi, especially edible fungi, has mushroomed. /kloc-more than 0/000 professionals engaged in fungal research, published more than 80 monographs on various fungi, and found 20 new genera in the field of mycology. Fungi in China has been edited and published one after another. Academic journals such as Journal of Fungi and Fungal Systems (English version) and intermediate and popular science journals such as Medicinal Fungi, Edible Mushrooms in China and Edible Mushrooms have been published one after another. The Fungal Society of China (formerly known as Fungal Society) was established in 1993. During this period, remarkable achievements have been made in the study of fungi classification, wild fungi culture, flora, large resource fungi and plant pathogens, and research work has been carried out in the fields of myxomycetes, lichens, mycorrhiza, entomogenous fungi, medicinal fungi, mycotoxins and fungal viruses, and a number of qualified mycologists have emerged.

philology

Alessandro Paul and Mince, translated by Yongnian and Song Dakang. Introduction to mycology (3rd edition), Agricultural Press, Beijing, 1983. (C.J.Alexopoulos& Mims, C.W., Introduction to Mycology, 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons Company, new york, zip code 1979)

Ainsworth, G.C.F.K. Sparrow & ampA.S.Sussman, Fungi: Advanced Papers, Volume 1 ~IVA, B. Academic Press, new york and London, 1966~ 1973.