Invention refers to students' daily study, life and work. They use their scientific knowledge or through their own association and innovation to design and manufacture new items that are unsatisfactory and inconvenient at present. Compared with the "big invention", it has a narrow range of choices, a single problem to solve, easier to find materials and less money; Students create a sense of success through small inventions and stimulate their creative potential. As an important way to improve students' innovative ability, small invention activities are of great significance to cultivate students' innovative spirit, innovative thinking and innovative ability.
(1) plus one
Make an article bigger, longer, taller, or have more functions, thus changing the shape, function and size of the article, which is beneficial to use. For example, the flexible printing font is enlarged to make it bigger and convenient for the elderly to read. Enlarge the flexible umbrella into a dual-purpose umbrella for sunny and rainy beach swimming pool. Pencils and erasers used to be two different things. William of the United States invented the rubber-tipped pencil, which is also a way of adding one. When the hat and clothes are added together, there is a snowsuit with a hat. X-ray photographic devices and electronic computers are combined to form a "CT scanner", which has a special effect on diagnosing brain diseases and cancer in the body.
(2) subtract one.
Make an article smaller, lighter, smaller, and change its shape and function. For example, the electron tube was changed into an integrated block, and the volume was reduced. The steel canvas tent was changed into an inflatable plastic tent, which greatly reduced the weight. It is inconvenient for myopia patients to wear glasses. It is more convenient to invent miniature contact lenses to put in the eyes.
(3) Expand it.
Relax a project a little, expand it a little, and make its function change obviously. For example, magnifying glasses, microscopes, wide-screen movies and projection televisions all use the magnifying technology. In abacus class, the teacher showed the whole class how to dial the abacus and made a big abacus to hang on the blackboard so that the whole class could see it clearly.
(4) Narrow down.
Make an object smaller and shorter, bring convenience to people, or change its function. For example, making compressed biscuits, pocket radios, pocket raincoats, books, pocket dictionaries, etc. A doctor conceived of using balloons as a tool to dredge blood vessels. The balloon is shrunk very small (only a few millimeters in diameter), tied to one end of a special catheter and inserted into the patient's artery. When it reaches the place blocked by fat, it inflates the balloon. After the balloon is inflated, the fat deposited there is squeezed out, so that the blood can be dredged normally.
(5) Change
Change shape, size, color, taste, sound, etc. The aesthetic feeling of goods will arouse people's new feelings, which are more valuable and more popular with consumers. For example, the change of fabric, style, color and pattern of clothing. The round pencil becomes a hexagonal oblate circle, which is not easy to slide off and roll off the table. Ballpoint pens change from monochrome to bicolor, tricolor and so on.
(6) change it
Improve the original shape, performance and structure of the article, and make it present new shape and new function. For example, the improvement of umbrellas. In order to prevent mistakes, colors and patterns are added to the umbrella cloth. In order to prevent the umbrella cloth from blocking the line of sight during wind and rain, transparent plastic is used as the umbrella cloth. In order to carry things conveniently when holding an umbrella, it is designed as a hat umbrella that can be worn on the head. There are umbrellas with "reservoirs", umbrellas with lighting, and so on. Another example is to change the dial-up phone into a touch-tone phone; Single player changes radio station; Single card is changed to dual card ..., which makes the product develop in the direction of automation, miniaturization, high efficiency, portability, simplification and labor saving.
(7) spell a spell
Put one project together with another. This is similar to "one plus one", but not exactly the same. This refers to the combination of one-to-many law and one-to-many function. For example, some knives combine a knife, nail clippers and a screwdriver to open beer bottles. Some combination furniture, so that you can sit together, so that you can sleep together, and the other one can be used as a writing desk or something.
(8) learn to learn.
By learning and imitating the shape, structure, color, performance, specifications, functions and actions of other products, new inventions can be realized. For example, Lu Ban scratched his hand. He invented the saw by imitating the small teeth on the edge of thatch. A small inventor invented a convenient rice washing machine. It is very troublesome to pour water when washing rice at ordinary times. If you are not careful, rice will be lost. Seeing that the rice screen is so dense that it is not easy to leak rice, I learned to make a semi-circular barbed wire and cover it on the rice washing bucket so that it will not leak rice.
(9) Generation after generation
Substitution refers to the substitution of use, materials, methods and commodities. Substitution of tools. For example, use plastic instead of steel, use plastic spraying instead of electroplating, and use containers instead of bulk. Many new products can be passed down from generation to generation.
(10) Move it.
Move a part of an article to produce a new article. For example, the telescopic "ballpoint pen teaching stick" was invented by "moving" the pull rod antenna on the TV to the ballpoint pen. It's inconvenient to draw figures with triangles on the blackboard. A classmate installed a small iron ball at each of the three corners of the triangle, which reduced the friction when the triangle moved on the blackboard.
(1 1) Prevention and prevention
Invert the form, nature and function of something and invent new things. Many new products are often upside down, upside down, upside down, upside down, upside down, upside down and upside down. For example, turning leather upside down becomes a suede product. Usually, people can only wear slippers in one direction. If you put your slippers down when you take them off, you need to straighten them before you can wear them. Can I wear it in the opposite direction? Yasuko Yokoyama of Japan invented slippers that can be worn on both sides. This kind of slipper just moves the cross of the slipper to the middle.
(12) Dingding
Fixed refers to rules and practices. In order to solve a problem, or improve a thing, to improve the efficiency of study and work, and to prevent possible accidents or omissions, it is necessary to make some regulations. For example, in order to make traffic orderly and prevent accidents, signal lights were invented. It is stipulated that when the yellow light is on, the vehicle will stop driving, and the vehicle that has crossed the parking line can continue driving; When the red light is on, vehicles are prohibited from passing; When the green light is on, vehicles pass by. For another example, the doctor will use a thermometer to measure the patient's temperature. The adjustment of thermometer scale is a great initiative of Swedish scientist Schell Hughes. He stipulated that the temperature (freezing point) when water freezes is zero, the temperature (boiling point) of boiling water at standard atmospheric pressure is 100 degrees, and the middle is divided into 100 equal parts, each part is 1 degree. This is the "temperature scale" used by the centigrade thermometer, marked with "C".
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