Pinyin: juànxi
Description: Read the book.
First, as soon as possible.
1, miss, love: ~ miss. ~ love. ~ gu. ~ attention (care and attention). ~ ~ (attachment).
2, relatives: pro ~. Female ~. ~ genus.
Second, write
1, write with a pen: ~. ~ work. Edit ~.
2, description, narrative: ~ life. ~ true. ~ photo (? Draw an image of a character; ? Description). Underestimate ~
Extended data
Writing skills as soon as possible-block printing technology
Block printing technology is one of the national intangible cultural heritages and a local traditional handicraft skill in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Block printing technology is called block printing, printing, carving and so on. , refers to the text, image reverse engraved on a piece of wood, and then brush ink on the printing plate, spread paper, pressure, so that the graphics and text on the printing plate transferred to paper technology. ? This technique has high aesthetic requirements in writing and design. The key of carving is to control the cutting speed and direction, and pay special attention to the operation skills such as sticking, weaving and folding. The whole process exudes a quaint and elegant cultural atmosphere.
On May 20th, 2006, block printing technology was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council, and the heritage number was VIII-78. Engraving printing technology began in Sui Dynasty and was implemented in Tang Dynasty. He was skilled in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in Song Dynasty, but block printing was not completely replaced by movable type printing, and it still played an important role in the ancient printing industry in China.
The earliest existing printed matter is the Dalagni Classic unearthed from the tomb of Antang. The Diamond Sutra published in Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave was carved in 868 AD (the ninth year of Tang Xiantong). Yuan Zhen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, prefaced Bai Juyi's poems, saying that Bai Juyi's poems were widely circulated through "Moeller". From the literature at that time, Yangzhou woodblock printing flourished in the Tang Dynasty.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the printing area expanded and the varieties increased. The most prominent thing is that the government began to organize imperial academy to publish Confucian classics.
In the Song Dynasty, China's printing flourished. At that time, Yangzhou was at the forefront of the military confrontation between the north and the south, with constant wars and lack of rigid social environment for printing books. Yangzhou woodblock printing in Song Dynasty was not commensurate with its status.
By the Yuan Dynasty, the economy and culture had not been restored, and the war broke out again, and the Yangzhou Book Carving Society only continued sporadically.
In the Ming Dynasty, with the gradual recovery of economy and culture, block printing also developed. By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, official and folk engraving had made great progress. Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan was carved by Tang Xiunian, a professor of Yangzhou traditional Chinese studies, and became the originator of various printed versions of the book.
The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Yangzhou woodblock printing. There are many official engravings, workshop engravings and family engravings, and the engravers are all over the country. The unprecedented prosperity of engraving industry leapt to China engraving.
In the title area. The scale of official engraving in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty was far ahead of the previous generation. In the Qing Dynasty, a professional book engraving institution was set up to concentrate human and financial resources on book engraving. The establishment and brilliant achievements of Yangzhou Poetry Bureau, Yangzhou Bookstore and Huainan Bookstore have also greatly encouraged and promoted Yangzhou block printing. ?
In the Qing Dynasty, there was an engraving office in Yangzhou, located in Jiangbei, which was collected in Jiangdu Brick Bridge (founded in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty). After careful proofreading and neat carving, Buddhist scriptures are sold at home and abroad. They are called Yangzhou Prints "Brick Bridge Prints" by academic circles. Carved more than 1000 volumes of scripture.
During the period of 1958, the book engravers scattered all over Yangzhou concentrated in Yangzhou, engaged in repairing the old board and engraving a new version. In order to prevent this ancient engraving technology from being lost, Guangling Engraving Society was established that year to undertake the collection, collection, collation and protection of ancient inscriptions, and to sort out and publish ancient books. Since 1962, more than 200,000 versions of ancient books in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces have been collected for unified restoration and protection. Interrupted during the Cultural Revolution. 1978 was renamed as Jiangsu Guangling Ancient Books Engraving Society, and 1999 was renamed Guangling Bookstore. ?
Manufacturing feature
Wood with fine texture, uniform texture, easy processing and rich resources must be selected as the material used in block printing technology. In order to use local materials, the north is carved with pear, jujube and other wood, while the south is carved with boxwood and catalpa wood.
The ink used in block printing technology is also very distinctive. Most of them are made from raw materials such as pine smoke and secret recipes. The fragrance is overflowing and will never fade.
The tools used in block printing technology are mainly carving knives and shovels, and their shapes and sizes have various specifications. Different knives should be used to carve characters of different sizes and different parts of characters.
Woodblock printing technology has high aesthetic requirements for characters and layout design, among which woodblock printing is the core technical link that determines the quality and artistry of printed matter. It is necessary to control the speed and direction of knife transport skillfully, and pay special attention to the operation skills such as pasting, editing and folding. China Yangzhou Guangling Ancient Books Engraving Society still retains a complete set of ancient books engraving and printing technology, with more than 20 processes, and the whole process exudes a quaint and elegant cultural atmosphere.
According to the organizational form, the inheritance methods of block printing technology can be divided into official engraving, workshop engraving and family engraving, and the inheritance characteristics are different. The inheritance of Yangzhou woodcut printing technology can be roughly divided into these three forms, but it is more orderly and unique. The uniqueness of official engraving and Yangzhou official engraving is mainly manifested in its high specification, large scale, long duration, far-reaching influence and fruitful results.
The main purpose of workshop engraving is to make a profit. Workshop owners hire relatively stable engraving and printing artists to concentrate on engraving books in bookstores. Gradually form a unique seal cutting style in a bookstore or a seal cutting school in a certain area. Home sculpture accounts for the majority, and there are also the highest quality products. Official engraving, workshop engraving and family engraving all played an important role in the dissemination and inheritance of Yangzhou woodcut printing technology, and also provided a broad inheritance space for woodcut printing technology.
process flow
The traditional block printing process is extremely complicated, which can be roughly divided into four links: material preparation, block printing (including sample writing), brush printing and color registration and binding. Each link also includes several processes, and each process varies according to the requirements of its printing type.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Block Printing Technology