The migration of ancient population in China promoted the economic development in the south of the Yangtze River and the shift of ancient economic center of gravity to the south. The Yellow River Basin is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation. From the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, it has been more developed than the south, and its economic center of gravity is in the north.
(1) the process of economic center of gravity shift: the development of the south was relatively early in ancient times, but it was not in the initial development stage until the Three Kingdoms period. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the north was in a state of war, the south was relatively stable, the influx of immigrants from the north, the attention of the rulers and the relatively superior geographical environment greatly promoted the economic development of the south; During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the southern economy developed rapidly, and the northern and southern economies tended to be balanced. After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, with the recovery of the northern economy, the north remained the focus of the national economy, but some aspects of the north also relied on the supplement of the south, and the excavation of the Grand Canal was the embodiment of this situation. After the Anshi Rebellion in the Middle Tang Dynasty, the northern economy was severely damaged and the economic center of gravity began to move south. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the south was relatively stable, and the national economic center moved southward continuously. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of northerners moved south. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the southern economy developed rapidly, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions became the economic center of the whole country for a long time, which finally formed the pattern that the southern economy dominated the north. At that time, there was a proverb called "Suzhou and Shanghai are familiar, and the world is full", which is proof that the economic center of gravity has moved south.
(2) Three obvious characteristics of the economic center of gravity moving south: northerners moving south brought advanced technology and experience, which reflected the highest level of productivity at that time; Second, the trend of moving south is often prominent during the period of national division or feudal separatist regime or feudal war; Third, the southward movement of the political center has certain influence on the southward movement of the economic center of gravity.
(3) The criteria for the completion of the process of shifting the economic center of gravity to the south: the output of population and agricultural products exceeds that of the north; The south has the advantage of lasting stability; The new economic center of gravity replaces the old economic center of gravity and becomes a new source of fiscal and taxation pillars. First, the basis and characteristics of cultural heritage
The culture of Han Dynasty is a profound cultural system, which is envied and admired by modern civilized people at all times and all over the world. However, the formation of the culture of the Han Dynasty started relatively late compared with China in ancient times, and its foundation was formed and developed on the basis of taking Chinese culture as the core, going from the west to the Central Plains, and absorbing the cultural essence of all ethnic groups in China. From the birth of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang to the Han Dynasty, Qilu culture, Central Plains culture, Guanzhong culture, Northern culture, Bashu culture, Wuyue culture and Lingnan culture. The emergence and formation of these cultures are closely related to their geographical and political environment and represent the regional characteristics of local culture.
(1) Jingchu culture: It is one of the most basic cultural types for the formation and development of Han culture. Mainly distributed in the vast area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it was the local culture of the area where Liu Bang was born at that time. Fengyi was originally a territory of the Song Dynasty, and later set up its capital here (so Fengxian County is known as "the hometown of Henkel, the legacy of the ancient Song Dynasty").
(2) Qilu culture: namely Confucian culture. Its region is the lower reaches of the Yellow River with Mount Tai as the center. This area is mainly engaged in agriculture and silk weaving, and is rich in fish and salt because of its proximity to the sea, thus forming the cultural and customary characteristics of this area. "Its vulgarity is slow and wide, but it is full of wisdom, easy to talk about, important, difficult to shake, afraid of people fighting, brave to hold thorns, and the hometown people are also the wind of a big country"; "Zou Lubin, however, still has the legacy of the Duke of Zhou. He is vulgar and good at Confucianism, and he is prepared with gifts, so he is dirty."
For Liu Bang, Jingchu culture and Qilu culture are all familiar with the heart, and whether they are respected or not depends on the current situation. On the surface, likes and dislikes do not represent the level of education. To be exact, a large part of China culture comes from Qilu culture, that is, Confucian culture.
(3) Central Plains culture: Chinese culture. This culture is mainly produced in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where there is a prominent and civilized farming culture. Moreover, in the history of the Chinese nation, this region is relatively developed in politics, economy and culture, and has become the cradle of the formation and development of the Chinese nation.
(4) Guanzhong culture: that is, Sanqin culture. This cultural concept was born and formed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Weishui River Basin, where the soil is thousands of miles, farmland is the best crop, and farming culture was formed earlier.
(5) Northern culture: namely Yanzhao culture. This cultural concept mainly originated from the Haihe River basin in the north, including Zhao, Zhongshan, Yan and northern areas in the Spring and Autumn Period. This kind of regional culture has something in common with the Central Plains culture, and is influenced by the nomadic culture of Xiongnu beyond the Great Wall, making it more bold and unconstrained.
In addition to the above five cultural subjects, there are Bashu culture, Wuyue culture and Lingnan Yue subculture, all of which have a certain influence on the formation of Chinese culture. At the same time, it was more influenced by the later Han culture, forming a unified "unified Han culture" throughout the country. Before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, cultural differences in China greatly restricted regional exchanges and the development of various undertakings. After Qin Shihuang unified China, under the advocacy of Li Si and others, although the cultural status quo of "different fields, different roads, different laws, different clothes, different sounds and different characters" in the Warring States period was reformed, this work could not be changed overnight like a war, but it would take a long time for cultures from all directions to blend together, and a hundred schools of thought contended with each other and eventually condensed into the culture of the Chinese nation. Chinese characters, Chinese language and China culture come from hundreds of ethnic groups, which have influenced in all directions and have had a far-reaching impact on the consolidation and development of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.
Second, the main content and basic gist of Chinese culture
As mentioned above, the culture of the Han Dynasty was formed and developed on the basis of the culture of hundreds of nationalities. Chinese characters, Chinese language and Chinese culture are all new cultural types formed through long-term exchanges and integration, eliminating the rough and selecting the fine, and eliminating the false and retaining the true. Especially after the two "unification" improvements of Qin Shihuang and Han, a new cultural prototype was basically formed. After the practice of literature, classics and Emperor Wu, it became a relatively stable national culture. In addition, the vigorous development of politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, science and technology and culture in the Han Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on history, thus forming a specific title of "Han people, Chinese language, Chinese characters and Chinese culture". In the extensive and profound Chinese culture, its main contents and basic gist are as follows:
(1) "Governing by doing nothing" laid the foundation for the founding of the Han Dynasty;
(2) "exclusive respect for Confucianism" contributed to the long-term stability of the Han Dynasty;
(C) "Dragon and Phoenix Culture" has become the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.
As mentioned above, "Dragon and Phoenix Culture" is a part of Xia and Shang culture and a totem revered by the ancestors of the Chinese people. After Xia and Shang Dynasties, the image of dragon and phoenix became more and more magnificent in the psychology of the Chinese nation, and poems, songs and utensils and ornaments all reflected the auspicious image of dragon and phoenix. Today, although no one has claimed to be the "real dragon emperor", the "dragon spirit", that is, the majestic image of dominating the wind and controlling nature, is still active in everyone's heart, inspiring people to keep forging ahead and make progress.
Third, the Chinese culture has a great influence on the Chinese nation.
The culture of Han Dynasty initiated by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang has a very important position in the cultural development history of the Chinese nation and even the world, and has and will continue to have a wide and far-reaching impact on China and the world. The development of Chinese culture, in a sense, represents the development of Chinese national culture, and its influence permeates all aspects of Chinese national development.
(1) The formation of Chinese culture is a symbol to measure the rise and fall of a nation;
(2) The culture of Han Dynasty reveals the basic position of politics and economy;
(3) The culture of Han Dynasty has a far-reaching influence on family values and ethics.
In a word, the extensive and profound Han culture is a whole that embodies the cultures of all ethnic groups. It embodies the psychology of Chinese culture and is a "unified" culture that integrates and absorbs the essence of various types of culture, thus showing its universality and applicability. It not only has the basic characteristics of national culture, but also has its own unique cultural personality and distinctiveness. It is a shining example of national unity, national unity and multi-culture moving towards a single culture, and its great achievements and profound influence are incomparable to any culture. Therefore, Chinese culture, as the "core culture" of the Chinese nation, is a cultural symbol of the Chinese nation, which embodies the spirit of striving for progress and self-improvement, and will still have a positive and far-reaching impact on China and the world in the future.
Fourth, the birthplace of Chinese culture-Xuzhou
Xuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, has magnificent mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, magnificent atmosphere and breathtaking scenery. 6,000 years of civilization, splendid ancient culture, and the long river of history make beautiful waves here, and Tao Zhu shows its unique cultural charm. Among them, what is particularly striking is its splendid cultural remains of the Han Dynasty.
This is the hometown of Liu Bang, the master of the Han Dynasty. The Dahan Dynasty, the first powerful and unified feudal empire in the history of China, set out from here, stepped onto the historical stage and staged a series of vivid dramas with splendor all over the world and lasting charm. Whether it is the Han nationality or the main body of our Chinese family, whether we write Chinese characters or speak Chinese, it is related to this dynasty. The word "Han" has already melted into the blood of hundreds of millions of China people and become the most striking totem of a nation. However, how many people can always remember Han Liubang, a cloth hero born in a grass house?
In 256 BC, Liu Bang was born in Fengyi Li Zhongyang, Pei County, Xuzhou. In his prime, he became the curator of Surabaya Museum in Pei County. He couldn't stand the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. With extraordinary courage and talent, he led the rich peasants' party to rally and joined hands with Xiang Yu to destroy Qin. Later, after five years of Chu-Han struggle, the Chu army and Gaixia were finally destroyed in 20 1 BC, and a unified Han Dynasty was established.
Today, Liu Jiazu, located in the west of Liuzhai Village in Fengxian County, is a lush grassland; Displayed on Longwu Bridge, the birthplace of Liu Bang in the northeast of Fengxian County, it is even more desolate; Only the "Great Wind Song Monument" standing on the bank of Surabaya Pavilion, accompanied by Han Liu Bang who sang this song, tells the story of the eternal romantic emperor volume and the brilliant Han Xian emperor chapter. "The wind blows and the clouds fly, the weaver girl returns to her hometown in the sea, and the brave keep the square." A song "Song of the Big Wind" has been sung for two thousand years, which really conveyed the deep feelings and indomitable will of the ancient people in China.
The establishment of the Han Dynasty marked the development direction of the Chinese nation for nearly two thousand years in at least two aspects. First, after the ancient tribal disputes, the separatist regime in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the military repression in the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese nation began to realize and practice the true unity of territory and system; Secondly, since the first Buti Liu in the history of China, the rulers of feudal dynasties have to pay attention to their own ruling foundation-the interests of small farmers, and their rise and fall depend on them. With this in mind, let's look back at this statue of Han and Liu Bang. Do we feel a particularly dignified and indescribable taste of vicissitudes?
Speaking of Han Liu Bang, there is also a historical figure that cannot be ignored-Xiang Yu. In the first year of Qin Ershi, he and his uncle Xiang Liang fought against Qin in Wuzhong. In the Battle of Julu, he won the title of the three armed forces, won nine wars and wiped out the main force of Qin Jun, showing unparalleled heroism. Xiang Yu once made Xuzhou his capital, calling himself "the overlord of the West Chu". Later, he withdrew from the historical stage from Xuzhou. The reason can only be found from history itself. History calls for the representative of its own development, unity and prosperity, and naturally abandons those short-sighted people who only seek courage and revenge for the country. But the honest Xuzhou people did not abandon him. On the Hubu Mountain in the south of Xuzhou, there is a circus stage known as "the first scene of Xuzhou", which was built by Xiang Yu after he established Pengcheng as the capital to watch soldiers training.
After two thousand years of wind and rain, the buildings of the circus have been built again and again. From 65438 to 0996, Xuzhou Municipal People's Government raised huge sums of money to carry out large-scale renovation of the circus. The reformed circus is symmetrical, solemn and sublime, which is a grand view. "A cup of human heroes, a sad song is only for future generations", standing on the circus platform, we learn from outstanding people. Hey hey? Qizhi? > ground cutting chimney? Hey? Is the square bright and eager for grapes?
The wind and cloud of history have already passed away like a storm, leaving us with many relics that can be used as historical witnesses in addition to historical lessons. In this respect, Xuzhou can be said to be kind.
After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang unified China, he painstakingly managed Xuzhou, an important town in the East and Sang Zi's hometown. His half-brother, Liu Jiao, was made King of Chu and made Pengcheng his capital. Jiao Liu still serves him, stays away from his bedroom and participates in political decision-making. Obviously, he is one of the most important members of the royal family. At that time, there were 3 counties and 36 counties of Xue, Donghai and Pengcheng in Chu State, with strong economic strength. The king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty was handed down to twelve generations, the king of Chu in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the king of Pengcheng in the Five Dynasties. The tombs of these princes, princesses, princes, lords, civil and military officials and nobles are hidden in dozens of hills around Xuzhou city. These tombs of princes and dignitaries, as well as the Han figurines, stone reliefs, stone reliefs and artifacts, all show the economic and cultural achievements of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is not surprising that some people call Xuzhou's Han tombs, Han stone reliefs and Han terracotta warriors and horses "the three wonders of Han culture in China" and some people call Xuzhou "the world-class China Han culture Expo area".