Learn more classical Chinese in modern Chinese, and many things will be suddenly enlightened. For example, a repeated word means 2, and then it is only interpreted as 2 or the second time in classical Chinese. There are many other examples. In short, modern Chinese inherits classical Chinese. It is not the fault of classical Chinese that students are struggling to learn it now. I think it is 1. Usually they have too little contact with her. 2. There is too little classical Chinese reading in primary and junior high schools. I haven't learned grammar in junior high school, so that high school students can't figure out whether Bin Bajin can recite hundreds of ancient texts, Mao Dun can recite a dream of red mansions and Qian Zhongshu can recite a dictionary.
All these show that classical Chinese is by no means impossible to learn. So many people hate classical Chinese can only show that there are serious mistakes in our education.
I often think that our education is to destroy people's personality and dispel national memory. It's heartbreaking
By the way, Jin Yong said that he never reads novels by authors under 20. I have only seen Han Han's triple door myself, playing word games and being glib. Looking back now, it is so general. Jing M.Guo and others haven't read anything. I can see the shadow of the new generation of writers from the students' compositions: rhetoric, inexplicable melancholy and sadness.
I get bored when I watch too much. Middle school students like their things now, but they won't after ten or twenty years.
I recommend reading Lu Yao's novels, such as Ordinary World.
2. Why is it that learning classical Chinese embodies the wisdom and thoughts of the Chinese nation and is a treasure of Chinese culture?
Learning classical Chinese can let us really touch the temperament of China. If you don't understand classical Chinese, you can't understand ancient documents, and the so-called inheritance, absorption and development are out of the question.
The culture of any country has a foundation. China's cultural heritage began with ancient literature, and the classical Chinese recorded the ancient cultural heritage of our country. Such as Zhouyi, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Tang poetry, Song poetry, novels, Qufu and so on. Their wisdom and value have not faded with the passage of time, but they are more and more dazzling and favored by future generations.
Many principles and ideas of dealing with people benefit from Zhouyi. There are many summaries about the success or failure of governing the country in Historical Records and Zi Zhi Tong Jian. The health care of Huangdi Neijing makes modern medicine ashamed ... China's classics for nearly 3,000 years are written in classical Chinese. Relying on it, we have accumulated vast cultural heritage and formed national culture, national psychology, national character and national spirit.
3. Why do middle school students learn classical Chinese? Cultivating students' ability to read simple classical Chinese is one of the important tasks of Chinese teaching in middle schools. (1) has the ability to read simple and understandable classical Chinese, which is helpful to inherit the cultural heritage of the motherland. (2) Being able to read simple classical Chinese is helpful to improve the level of modern Chinese. (1) Cultivating students' ability to read simple and easy classical Chinese is one of the important tasks of Chinese teaching in middle schools.
China is an ancient civilization, with a history of ancient books, social sciences, natural sciences, literature and art, many of which are worth absorbing. If we don't inherit this heritage, we will cut off the history of our nation and make the mistake of nihilism.
Most ancient books are written in classical Chinese. The two characteristics of "enduring" and "divorced from spoken language" in classical Chinese not only provide convenience for us to read ancient poems, but also bring difficulties.
"Invariance" refers to the lexical system and grammatical system of classical Chinese. Before the Han Dynasty, classical Chinese was formed on the basis of spoken language.
For example, in the Analects of Confucius, there are nine function words in one sentence, which shows that every function word in spoken language at that time was recorded. This kind of spoken language was not only found in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, but was deliberately imitated by scholars in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Five Dynasties, the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the May 4th Movement.
In this way, the language before the Han Dynasty has become a written language that runs through thousands of years of history in China, and this written language is classical Chinese. Of course, due to imitation, the classical Chinese written by the authors of past dynasties is inevitably mixed with the words of later generations, and the grammar of later generations cannot be exactly the same as that of the language before the Han Dynasty, which makes the classical Chinese have some subtle changes, but this change has not changed the basic face of the classical Chinese.
Therefore, whether it is the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties or the classical Chinese works in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, their basic vocabulary and grammar are almost the same. This is convenient for us objectively: as long as we study classical Chinese, we can freely absorb the needed nutrition from the voluminous ancient books without the limitation of the times.
If the ancient books were written not in classical Chinese, but in vernacular Chinese in different periods of history, it would be much more difficult for us to inherit this heritage, which can be realized from reading the essays of the Tang Dynasty, the story books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the operas of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The characteristics of "divorced from spoken language" make classical Chinese difficult to understand.
It is not easy to learn classical Chinese from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to today. Because the standard of "meeting" is different, the difficulty of learning is also different.
In feudal society, the standard for scholars to know classical Chinese is that they can read and write, while the standard for modern people to know classical Chinese is that they can read. Relatively speaking, it is much less difficult for modern people to "know". Moreover, many ancient books are sorted out by scholars of past dynasties, so the reading difficulty is reduced.
Nevertheless, it is still difficult for modern people to learn to read classical Chinese ancient books. With the development of language, the times are too far apart, and we are unfamiliar with the lexical meaning and grammatical features of classical Chinese. We are either unfamiliar with the history, culture, laws and regulations recorded in ancient books, or have never been exposed to them.
These are all difficulties in learning classical Chinese. However, to read ancient books, we must learn classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is a stumbling block in front of the treasure house of cultural heritage. If we make up our minds to subdue this tiger, the door of the treasure house will be open to us and we will gain a lot. If we hesitate and fear in front of this tiger and dare not touch it, the door of the treasure house will be closed, and our losses will be great. If middle school students have the ability to read simple classical Chinese, can initially read ancient books with punctuation and annotations, and gradually improve the reading level of classical Chinese in reading, a considerable number of readers can be formed.
In this way; On the one hand, a group of experts in sorting out ancient books have been trained, on the other hand, a large number of readers can read the sorted ancient books and hopefully receive the cultural heritage of the motherland. Otherwise, even if a group of talents are specially trained to sort out ancient books, they can only be shelved and become furnishings, which will not play their due role.
(2) Being able to read simple and easy classical Chinese is helpful to improve the level of modern Chinese and Chinese literacy. Chinese is recorded with the character "Fang", which is a linguistic sign, and 80% of pictophonetic characters are composed of phonetic signs and semantic signs.
With the development of language, the pronunciation has changed, and it is impossible to accurately read the pronunciation according to the phonetic symbols, which is a shortcoming of Chinese characters and increases the reading difficulty of students. But Chinese characters are monosyllabic, and each word represents a syllable and a meaning at the same time. Its advantage is strong adaptability.
No matter how many new words are generated, there is no need to add new words in principle. In Chinese, disyllabic words (except Lian Mian words and transliteration loanwords) are composed of meaningful words.
Therefore, more than 3,000 commonly used words in Chinese can be combined into tens of thousands of words (modern Chinese dictionaries contain 5 14 19 disyllabic words, and only 1972 words constitute these words). Classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, and a word is a word; Modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words, and one word consists of two words.
Some words in classical Chinese are not used now, but their meanings remain as morphemes in disyllabic or polysyllabic words in modern Chinese. For example, "loss" is a word in classical Chinese, but it cannot be used as a separate word in modern Chinese. But it can be used as a morpheme to form many words, such as rudeness, excuse me, theft, heart failure, lovelorn, gaffe, miss, separation, loss of virginity, loss of time, failure to stand up, disorder, lovelorn and so on.
What does "loss" mean? The annotation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi is Zongye. ""vertical "means running away, which means throwing away.
Since it is "running away" and "throwing away", it is subjectively unwilling to do so. So "rudeness", "excuse me" and "not meeting" refer to the impoliteness of etiquette for objective reasons; Failing to accompany guests according to etiquette; Don't greet the guests according to etiquette.
"Lost" means stolen due to subjective negligence. Everyone has a meaning of "non-subjective desire" in it.
Many words in classical Chinese are still in use, but some meanings have changed and some have disappeared, and those changed or disappeared meanings are still used as a morpheme in modern Chinese vocabulary, with two or more syllables. For example, "city" means "wall" in classical Chinese.
"The capital is more than a hundred miles, and the country is also harmful." ("left.