1 The theory of library extinction lacks convincing reasons.
Let's take a look at the two concepts of "the demise of the library" and "the demise of the traditional library". From "books"
Judging from the origin of the theory of library extinction and related discussions later, "library extinction" actually refers to "biography"
The demise of the unified library is basically the same concept. Especially in today's digital library development, "
"The demise of the library" refers to the number of digital resources completely collected by traditional libraries which mainly collect printed materials.
Instead, the library, the traditional library no longer exists. As we all know, the writing and dissemination of documents are carried out through carriers.
However, today, paper is still the main carrier of library literature, which is also different from traditional libraries.
A main aspect of digital library. Paper carriers occupy large space, have small information storage capacity and slow retrieval speed.
The recall rate is low, the collection and arrangement are complicated, and the cost is higher than that of microforms, magnetic materials, digital disks and magnetic cores.
New literary carriers, such as movies, have influenced the development of library cause to some extent. Traditional libraries attach importance to storage and neglect utilization.
Backward technical means, simple service content, single service object, limited by time, region and other factors,
It is difficult to realize the enjoyment of resources and meet the higher needs of readers. It is precisely because of these disadvantages that people begin to bear it.
Worried about the development prospect of existing libraries, foreign librarians even put forward the "library extinction theory" 1977.
When discussing the future electronic system, H.Falk pointed out that the library will gradually die out and its historical mission has been completed. 19
In 78, Lancaster, an American scholar, pointed out in the conclusion of the second edition of Information Retrieval System: "We are fast.
It is inevitable to move towards a paperless society quickly. "The library mainly deals with machine-readable literature resources, with few readers."
It is necessary to go to the library again. The local library became insignificant or even disappeared. Lancaster predicted: "In another two years.
0 years, the current library can disappear. "
The situation is not as bad as predicted by the above scholars. On the contrary, in recent years, libraries have shown unprecedented development.
The exhibition has a strong momentum, and the number of paper publications is increasing, but it has not shrunk because of the increase of electronic publications. China Publishing Section
The Institute of Science randomly selected 4,500 samples from 18 cities and their rural areas in China and conducted a "nationwide" survey.
Reading and buying tendencies. " The results show that citizens are right when multiple media rob audiences.
Enthusiasm for books has increased instead of decreased, and the national contact rate with books (the number of people who contact books every day divided by the total number of people surveyed)
From 37.8% of 1999 to 38.9% of 200 1. At the same time, other traditional media, including television and newspapers.
However, the contact rate between paper and periodicals showed a downward trend (the contact rate of TV dropped from 92.3% to 90.7%, and that of newspapers dropped from 53.7%).
To 49.8%, the number of periodicals dropped from 38.8% to 36.7%). Paper carriers have a long history, and the information they store is persistent,
It is convenient to carry and conforms to people's long-term reading habits, which is its greatest advantage for a long time.
Traditional libraries have collected a large number of paper documents, which have played an important role in inheriting human civilization.
Itself is an important part of the history of human civilization. Cut off the connection between digital library and traditional library,
Ignore the advantages of traditional libraries, exaggerate their disadvantages, blindly emphasize the advantages of digital libraries, and assert that
It is too arbitrary that the unified library will soon die out or be completely replaced by the digital library.
2 advantages and problems of digital library
1945, American scientist VannervarBush first put forward the concept of digital library to
In recent years, the library industry has advanced for more than half a century. There is no consensus on what a digital library is.
A statement, but the meaning is roughly the same. Xu Wenbo, leader of the preparatory leading group of China Digital Library Project, said: "
The so-called digital library is to provide high-value images, texts, languages, audio, video, software and science.
Collect and standardize multimedia information such as learning data, preserve and manage it with high quality, and implement knowledge.
Value-added and provide high-speed cross-database connection electronic reference service on WAN. It also includes intellectual property rights,
Access rights, data security management, etc. "
In the early 1990s, the United States first set out to build digital libraries, and many countries in the world also built them one after another.
Start with the digital library. China government attaches great importance to the construction of digital library. 200 1 10 3 1, national map.
The library's "China Digital Library Foundation Project" was approved by the state as the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" key construction project.
Total investment165438+42 million yuan. At present, the research level of digital library in China is basically in sync with that of developed countries in the world.
The construction of digital library will not only cause great changes in the library industry, but also spread human culture.
Have a far-reaching impact. Computer technology, digital technology, network technology and other related high-tech will be digital maps.
The construction of the library provides strong technical support, and the digital information carrier with large capacity and small volume will provide the library with.
Save a lot of space and play an important role in protecting rare books, rare books, ancient books and other documents. It is not affected by time,
The long-distance and high-speed characteristics of space limitation and powerful search and query functions make resource sharing a reality and greatly improve.
The efficiency of human contact with literature.
Of course, the digital library is not invulnerable, at least at present, it still faces many problems. 2 1 century is information.
In the era of explosion, the surge of information makes people's identification of information authenticity and evaluation of information value controversial.
Complicated. Digital library staff can't just be satisfied with simple repetitive work, their work is innovative.
Creativity provides information research and services, and simple and low-level manual labor has been replaced by machines and technology.
The quality of personnel is greatly challenged, and the contradiction between the development speed of digital library and the lack of talents will become increasingly prominent; hacker
Intrusion directly threatens network security; Intellectual property rights, copyright protection and database information protection under the network environment
And other legal problems are difficult to solve at the moment; China is a developing country with a large population and a weak foundation. Computers and
The emergence of related technologies has liberated a large number of laborers, and the heavy employment pressure has not only been alleviated, but also because
The continuous emergence of a large number of surplus labor forces is even more tense. With the wide application of modern science and technology, libraries
The employment opportunities of employees with low knowledge content are affected. China has a publishing history of 3,000 years and is world-famous.
The country with the longest publishing history in the world. For a long time, people have special feelings for books, which is related to people's reading.
Reading habits are inseparable. The convenience of books and the related factors that affect the reading of electronic publications determine the reading mode.
Transformation cannot be achieved overnight, and people will still rely on traditional libraries to a great extent. The development of China's economy
The imbalance of exhibition, the growing gap between urban and rural areas and the gap between east and west have affected the overall economic development.
Data from public libraries provided by China Library Yearbook 1996 and China Statistical Yearbook 1998.
According to the data of China's total population and its distribution, it can be found that the distribution of information resources in China is extremely unbalanced.
Information resources are highly concentrated in big cities and southeast coastal areas, and the vast central and western regions and rural areas lack sufficient information.
With the accumulation of information resources, rural residents who account for 70% of China's population basically live below the poverty line of information resources; The second is the letter.
Information resources are highly concentrated in culture, science and technology, higher education and other systems, and are oriented to primary and secondary school students, ordinary urban residents and
The information resources of businessmen are relatively insufficient. From this, we can clearly see the social informatization and the number of libraries in China.
There is still a long way to go, and it is too early to talk about the so-called library demise. At present, the main points to be discussed should be
2 1 century or beyond, what kind of library should we build and what advantages should it have?
What role can and should it play in national economic and social development?
32/KLOC-0: The Development Direction of China Library in the Century
From ancient libraries to libraries open to the outside world, the librarianship itself is constantly developing and improving.
First of all, it should be clear whether the library is digitized or not, or whether so-called digital books should be established.
No matter what kind of library, we can't leave the traditional library aside. There are also so-called traditional libraries and so-called digital maps.
The formulation of library itself is debatable, and it would be even worse if the two were separated by opposites. Library by
Its rich collection and excellent service meet the requirements of readers and play an important role in the spread of human culture and social development.
It has played an important role. Only by building and preserving the existing literature resources can we build a literature that conforms to the historical trend.
The new library. So what kind of library should we build? Based on the existing library, establish the current
Being a document information center is the direction of our efforts. Modern document information center is a new form of library development.
It has the following main features:
(1) means modernization. With the help of computer technology, digital technology, network technology and other related technologies, realize
Editing, circulation, retrieval and service automation. Break the time and geographical restrictions and actively seek ways to enjoy resources.
In the process of document digitization, we should strengthen inter-library communication and cooperation to avoid duplication of work and people.
The waste of money and things. The change of technical means will lead to cataloging mode, circulation reading mode and reference consulting mode.
Change accordingly. Publishing information, users' literature demand and feedback, book purchase, settlement and a series of work can be done.
Do it through the network without leaving home; Readers can choose libraries, offices or other places as needed.
Easily obtain the required information from the Internet; The content of consultation is no longer a simple answer, but more to help readers learn.
How to use electronic documents and how to operate remote communication software. , reviews, comments, special research reports, forecasts,
The consulting service of three documents, such as dynamic analysis, has become the main content. Reference service is more in the form of online publishing.
It's done.
(2) Diversification of carriers. Literature resources can choose different carriers according to the situation, which can not only combine some original documents.
Resources are digitized, and new digital or paper literature collections can be added as needed.
(3) Functional integration. In addition to the collection and arrangement of the original library, the collection of the modern literature information center is also summarized.
Great changes have taken place in both reading and quality. In addition to paper documents, the collection is more literature based on new materials.
Save space and provide service resources. Collections are no longer determined by quantity and size, but mainly by
It depends on the speed and quality of online database, network information access and user satisfaction. Of course, the whole sequence is correct.
Images not only include the original library resources, but also focus on the order of network information; Modern document information center is no longer
To meet the simple task of providing literature for readers, its service function should be to enable readers to obtain the most effective information.
Get the information they need; The library has always been an important base for education and scientific research. With the modernization of libraries,
Design, its teaching and research functions can certainly be further strengthened; Because of its rich content and diverse service means and forms,
Modern library will become an excellent place for people to relax, entertain and cultivate their sentiments.
(4) Specialization of talents. Library modernization includes two aspects: material technology and talent team construction.
People are the most critical factor. The level of traditional library staff is uneven, except for completing internal homework.
Outside, it is mainly to receive readers and answer all kinds of simple questions that readers encounter when using the library, especially books and reading.
Man's intermediary. The document information center in the digital age has very high requirements for employees, all of which are books and information.
Experts in newspapers or other fields. They have the ability to dynamically acquire, select, analyze and benefit according to the actual needs of users.
Use all kinds of information and knowledge to dynamically design, organize, arrange and coordinate related services and product forms for use.
Users provide targeted and in-depth services to help users solve problems that their knowledge and ability cannot solve.
Problems In the process of library's transformation to modern document information center, librarians have also completed the transmission.
The transformation from unified librarian to information librarian.