The waters surrounded by land are called lakes. Lake Khufu (outflow lake) can not only maintain the balance of ecological environment and provide water, but also regulate river runoff, reduce or even avoid floods, and develop farming, aquaculture and tourism, which has inestimable natural ecological, economic and social values. Therefore, Hubei, a province of thousands of lakes with Jianghan Lake Group, has become a land of plenty.
Why are there so many lakes in Hubei? Where did they come from? Speaking of lakes in Hubei, we can't avoid the vague "Yunmengze" or ancient cloud dream in history, so let's start with it.
"Yunmengze" of Ancient Books
Ruo Xinghai's ancient literature did not describe the specific scope and form of "Yunmengze" in detail. Some people think that there is a big lake, some people refer to lakes, and some people refer to the comprehensive landforms of lakes, swamps and flood plains, which makes many future generations disagree.
Generally speaking, the earliest written records of ancient cloud dreams originated from Dream of the Country in the year of Zuo Zhuan, and "Cloud dreams are righteous" is also found in the records of Yugong years in Shangshu. As a part of the core area of Chu, the ancient cloud dream in spoken language should appear earlier and then appear in more documents. Such as Li Zhou Zhi Fang, Lu Shi's Introduction to the Spring and Autumn Annals, Huai Nan Zi's Training, Er Ya Di Shi, Chu Family, Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, Geography of Han Dynasty, Hequ Book and 0755.
Dongting Lake in rainy season
Zi Xufu began in the year of "cloud dreamer, square 900 miles", and later ancient books described that "cloud dreamer" became bigger and bigger, and even became a big lake across the Yangtze River, much bigger than "holding the distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, making soup delicious and endless". This is either the need of ancient prose or hearsay, such as Fan Zhongyan.
Ancient books make people curious about the ancient cloud dream, so in order to uncover the mystery of the ancient cloud dream or "Cloud Dream Ze", since the 1960s, people have drilled more than 1000 exploration holes in Jianghan Plain and obtained a wealth of underground codes.
Jianghan prehistory
During the Yanshan movement, the geological subsidence of the two lakes and plains formed Jianghan-Dongting Depression. At this time, the Yangtze River and Hanshui River will reach Hubei in the future, and high-mineral salt lakes will appear in the depressions. After thousands of years of deposition, erosive substances in the surrounding mountainous areas have been deposited. After the Yangtze River broke through Wushan, it cut through a thick sediment layer. Although swinging on the plains of the two lakes, it did not form a prehistoric giant lake.
After the neotectonic movement, the eastern part of Nanyang basin rose, and the Hanshui River went south smoothly, becoming a tributary of the Yangtze River. Huarong uplift appears in the middle of the two lakes plain, which divides the great plain into Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain. The alternation of glacial and interglacial periods led to the alternation of source erosion and source accumulation in the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. In the process of source erosion, the river base level drops, the riverbed cuts down, and deep valleys of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River appear in Jianghan Plain, forming deep valleys.
Tracing back to the source, the riverbed is silted by the erosion carried by the upstream river, and the riverbed is further silted, so the water surface of the river will be closer to the land surface. In flood season, the river will overflow the river, and lakes and swamps will be formed in low-lying areas. The wandering and swinging of rivers will form meanders and oxbow lakes, so rivers will store water to form lakes.
Because the basement of the Yangtze River bed in Jianghan Plain is higher than the downstream, it is difficult for rivers to converge into prehistoric giant lakes here, even if there are large lakes, they are seasonal lakes in flood season. Therefore, the Quaternary strata in Jianghan Plain are many repetitions of river sedimentary cycles.
Geological drilling tells us that after the Quaternary, there has never been such a prehistoric giant lake crossing the river in Jianghan Plain. The landform in this area is a comprehensive landform, including lakes, swamps, depressions, flood plains, terraces and residual hills. Therefore, the ancestors of the Neolithic Age will settle here.
Jianghan Lake Group
The combination of land and water reflects the seasonal changes of land and water forms. Ancestors can settle here on a small scale. Neolithic sites were discovered in Liuguan, Wulin and Husha, and Western Zhou tombs were discovered in Honghu. King Chu built this hunting ground. However, the inland of Jianghan Plain at that time was not suitable for large-scale gathering, and floods occurred frequently, just like the "Mediterranean". Early cities were also distributed according to the "Mediterranean model". Today, there are no big cities in the middle of Jianghan Plain.
Jianghan Plain, formerly known as lakes, swamps, depressions, floodplains, terraces and residual hills, is also the most suitable form for ancient cloud dreams or "cloud dreams". The "crossing the river" lake that the ancients once saw or heard was a short-lived sight of flooding in flood season. This scene appeared in 193 1, with an area of 14000 square kilometers. 1954 and 1954 are short-lived scenes of floods.
Jianghan Plain and Jianghan Lake Group are the result of the interaction of initial topography, Yangtze River and Hanshui River, not the evolution of Yunmengze. On the contrary, Yunmengze is a short-term "flood lake" connected with lakes in Jianghan Plain in flood season. There were no dams and levees in Jianghan Plain in ancient times. Whenever the flood season comes, the river will overflow the river and the low-lying areas will be submerged.
Jianghan Plain in Spring
Hubei became a "province of thousands of lakes" because the early Jianghan Plain was low-lying to varying degrees. Branches such as the Yangtze River and Hanshui River wander around here and stir, forming a great lake at the lowest place first. After the river is diverted, some ancient roads will store water to form lakes. During the flood season, floods connect them together. After the flood season, they returned to a relatively independent state. They just connect with the rivers outside through some waterways, and devour these rivers unconditionally.
Lake wetland
Due to different seasons and years, the sediment and biological debris brought by rivers are not equal, and the siltation in different areas is not equal. Some lakes will become shallow due to siltation, some lakes will gradually disappear, some larger lakes will be divided into smaller lakes, and the smaller lakes will become smaller lakes in the next siltation stage. This is how Jianghan Lake Group was formed. New lakes will be born, old lakes will disappear, and they will be born, expanded, shrunk and shrunk again.
Cold numbers
If human beings make unreasonable use of lakes, natural lakes will disappear in a hundred or ten years. For example, Taibai Lake has disappeared, but it is still the largest lake in Jianghan Plain in the late Ming Dynasty. /kloc-It began to become a swamp in the 0/9th century, and Honghu Lake replaced Taibai Lake as the largest lake in Jianghan Plain. It was born in1early 9th century.
In 1950s, Jianghan Lake Group had more than 300 lakes 100, covering an area of more than 8500 square kilometers. Hubei's title of "the province of thousands of lakes" is worthy of the name; By the 1980s, the number of lakes had become more than 800, and the water area was less than 3,000 square kilometers. Due to reclamation, damming, blocking rivers and lakes, lake pollution and other reasons, the number, area, volume, water quality and other data of lakes have declined.
There are only 755 lakes on the lake protection list in Hubei Province, which is a very cold number. Since the beginning of 2 1 century, Hubei has been deeply exploring the methods of lake protection, and all localities are trying and practicing these measures according to local conditions. The measures for returning the lake include returning the dike to the lake, returning the lake in flood season, returning the farmland to the lake, returning fishing to the lake, leveling the dike for flood discharge, and returning the old road.
Honghu scenery
People's awareness of environmental protection is improved and their ecological concepts are updated, which will keep the numbers cool. The lake protection idea of "one lake, one policy" can also make Jianghan Plain retain the next beautiful lake with beautiful waters and fragrant fish and rice. I believe that the children of Jingchu, whose spiritual motivation has changed, will certainly write songs with the reputation of "a province of thousands of lakes" and protect the clear waters and green mountains.