Chinese name: Liangzhu Museum Category: History, Culture Location: Meizhouzhou Park, Liangzhu Town, Yuhang District Completion Time: September 29th, 2008 Opening time: 9:00- 17:00( 16:30 closed), closed on Mondays, except legal holidays. Must-read before departure, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, scenic spot beautiful pictures, introduction, architectural layout, front hall, first exhibition hall, second exhibition hall, third exhibition hall, tail hall, cultural relics collection, Yaoshan jade brand decoration, Yaoshan jade spoon, Yaoshan jade bead string, Yaoshan jade dagger, archaeological research, honors won, and visiting information. The museum covers an area of 40,000 square meters. Liangzhu Museum building, with the design concept of "a jade cone scattered on the ground", is composed of four strip-shaped buildings that are not completely parallel, and is called "treasure box". The whole building highlights the characteristics of simplicity, roughness, massiness and atmosphere, and pays attention to the combination of landscape and nature. It is surrounded by blue sky and white clouds in the bleak scenery of mountains, rivers and plants, which makes people strongly feel the harmony between art and nature, history and modernity. The exterior walls of the building are all made of yellow cave stone, which looks like jade from a distance. The courtyard is interspersed with three patio-style theme courtyards, and the elements of China garden architecture are used to decorate architectural sketches such as beauty couches. The general theme of the basic exhibition of Liangzhu Museum is "Liangzhu Culture Showing China's 5,000-year civilization", which highlights the status of Liangzhu civilization in China and other similar or contemporary civilizations in the world. The design concept of the exhibition is: elegance, elegance and affinity. The exhibition strives to innovate the exhibition concept, rationally use advanced exhibition methods and means, and strive to dissolve the professional elements of Liangzhu culture, so as to make the museum a considerable, learnable, tangible and playable civilian museum. In the three interconnected and independent exhibition halls, the three contents of "discovering the truth", "Liangzhu ancient country" and "Liangzhu civilization" are displayed respectively. In addition, the first exhibition hall and the third exhibition hall are separate, which serve as the guidance and destination. Building Layout Lobby In 2007, the discovery of Liangzhu Ancient City advanced the architectural history of Hangzhou by 3000 years. Therefore, the purpose of the lobby is to stand in Hangzhou to see Liangzhu, and to highlight the temporal and spatial relationship between Liangzhu Ancient City, Jiaomo Mountain Palace, Anti-Mountain Mausoleum and modern Hangzhou, which is exquisite, harmonious and open. The theme of the first exhibition hall in the front hall is "Liangzhu Site is a holy place to prove China's 5,000-year civilization". It shows a series of important discoveries and research innovations in the 70 years from the discovery of Liangzhu site in 1936, the naming of Liangzhu culture in 1959 and the establishment of Liangzhu civilization in 2007. The purpose is to lead you to experience the archaeological process of archaeologists understanding Liangzhu site, naming Liangzhu culture and establishing Liangzhu civilization. It was found that this was the site of the shocking tomb excavation. Through large-scale tomb background painting, video interpretation, archaeological excavation site restoration, archaeological materials and tools in-kind display and other means, the momentum and supreme position of the tomb in the anti-mountain cemetery are comprehensively interpreted. The predecessor of Liangzhu culture is Majiabang culture and Songze culture, which come down in one continuous line and are distributed around Taihu Lake, becoming the most famous archaeological cultural area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The second exhibition hall shows the vivid labor scenes of the ancestors of Liangzhu, the outline of the ancient city wall of Liangzhu, and large-scale oil paintings reflecting the construction of Jiaomo Mountain. It is used to restore and reproduce the production and lifestyle of Liangzhu people in a panoramic way by using modern high-tech means such as sound, light and electricity, and to show the glory and glory of Liangzhu ancient country 5000 years ago. The agricultural productivity in Liangzhu period, an ancient country of Liangzhu, was greatly improved compared with that in Songze and Majiabang periods. The use of cultivated land also implies a sharp increase in population during Liangzhu period. In addition to rice, Liangzhu people mainly raise livestock, supplemented by fishing and hunting activities to obtain meat resources. With the development of agriculture and the emergence of surplus products, handicrafts have been separated from agriculture, and various specialized craftsmen, such as pottery, jade and carpentry, have emerged. The complexity of division of labor has divided the mental working class and the manual working class, which has become an important prerequisite for the formation of Liangzhu civilization. Large-scale oil painting of Jiaomo Mountain Palace construction project. This oil painting is 6.6 meters high, 35 meters long and covers an area of more than 200 square meters, which shows the magnificent scene of the ancestors of Liangzhu building Jiao Mo. The third exhibition hall The exhibition design of this exhibition hall is mainly artifacts and important relics, which is actually the essence of the Liangzhu Museum collection. A large number of exquisite jade articles in Liangzhu period, such as Yan, Bi and Yue, were highlighted, which fully demonstrated the important position and influence of Liangzhu civilization characterized by jade articles in the same period or similar civilizations in China and even the world. Liangzhu Civilization Tail Hall 5000 years ago, Liangzhu's prosperity was integrated into the glory of Chinese civilization, but an ancient country, a generation of capital, was buried underground for a long time. Archaeologists searched for 70 years of cold and heat, led us across just visiting, and experienced the times when our ancestors lived. While sighing, we still have too many mysteries to solve; After the tour, our protection action still has a long way to go. This is an interactive project of "Roaming the Liangzhu Site by Bird". We can fly all the way from the village in front of the ruins of Liangzhu Temple to the capital of Jiao Mo in Liangzhu, and appreciate the humanistic feelings of the ancient country of Liangzhu 5,000 years ago. Yaoshan M7: 34 Jade Cong: Height 4.4, shooting diameter 7.5, aperture 6.4cm.. There are large reddish-brown spots. Hollow short column, the inner hole wall is slightly arc convex, and the outer surface is square with arc edge. The protrusions of the four corners take the corners as the central axis, carving out the lines of wild animals. Only one set of patterns is carved on each convex surface. The top is decorated with two sets of strings, symbolizing the feather crown. The orbital protuberance is oval, the forehead between the eyes is fan-shaped, and the nose is flat and wide, protruding forward. The lower right corner of the pattern is engraved with a curve, which means face. Jade Cong Yaoshan Yaoshan M7: 55 Jade Cong Jade Cong: width 7, height 3.9 and thickness 0.42 cm. The card decoration plane is slightly triangular, and the bottom is pointed arc. The whole device adopts the methods of general carving and yinxian carving, which is a kind of god beast pattern Each corner drill 1 round hole, the two sides of the eye are cut and expanded into arc triangular holes by wire cutting to form eye sockets and eyelids, and the edges are outlined by intaglio lines. There is an irregular long carved hole in the forehead between the eyes, and cirrus clouds are carved in the nostrils. The lower end of the nose is cross-shaped and looks like a mouth. There are 1 serrations on both sides below the orbit, which are quite like frog claws. The cross-shaped hole and its two sides are more like frog's hind legs, and the whole device is like a deformed frog. Yaoshan Sanye Yaoshan M7: 26 Emerald Sanye: height 4.8, width 8.5 and thickness 0.8 cm. Trident has yellow spots. The left and right forks are flush, the middle fork is lower and there is a vertical straight hole. One side is carved and the other side is vegetarian. Both the left fork and the right fork are carved with the heads of gods facing each other. God wears a crested head, a square face, a single eye, and two rows of neat teeth carved in his mouth. The upper end of the fork is decorated with five sets of vertical feather patterns to represent the feather crown and symbolize the positive statue of the god; The lower yinxian is engraved with animal facial patterns, with symbolic round eyes, lion's nose and fangs. It is another combination form of the face of God and beast. Yaoshan jade spoon Yaoshan jade spoon: width 1.84-3.52, thickness 0.47 cm. Jade spoon and white jade, only handle and spoon edge are left. The device is flat and has a slightly concave arc when viewed from the side. The handle end is slightly trapezoidal, with oval perforations, and the concave surface is engraved with animal patterns. The pattern is divided into upper and lower parts, and the lower part is engraved with a cloud pattern around the perforation. The upper pattern is damaged, 1 oval eyes can be seen, and the other eye is damaged. In the meantime, the nose is composed of cirrus veins, with vertical alar and wide alar. Flat mouth, with four fangs protruding from the mouth, two upward on the inner side and two downward on the outer side, with 1 downward fangs between the two inside. Yaoshan bead string Yaoshan M7: 136 bead string: composed of 170 single beads. There are gray and brown spots. Waist drum shape, different sizes. Yaoshan jade dagger with beads: 2.55-3. 15 in width and 0.5-0.63 cm in thickness. Double-shaped white jade, broken into three sections, with one end broken and some edges damaged. The whole body is flat and wide, and the side view is curved, and the handle end has an oblate perforation. The inner concave surface of the handle end is engraved with a square and moire. Drill a flat round hole at the proximal end of the protrusion. The shape of the notch on the end side of the device is similar to half of the notch on the top of the crown device. Archaeological research 1936 West Lake Museum Stone (19 12 ~ 1939, one of the most important discoverers of Liangzhu site) found the black pottery site in Liangzhu town, carried out three trial excavations in the Liangzhu chessboard tomb around Xunshan, Changmingqiao and Zhongjia Village, and found Hehe in Liangzhu. He Tianxing of Liangzhu Museum published "Stone Jade and Black Pottery in Liangzhu Town, Liangzhu County" in 1937, and thought that the engraved patterns on the black pottery unearthed in Liangzhu were the earliest characters in China. 1938, Shi compiled the Preliminary Report on the Site of Black Pottery Culture in the Second District of Hangxian County, which is the first archaeological report of Liangzhu culture in China. 1939, Liang Siyong published the article "Longshan culture-one of the early stages of Chinese civilization" in the fourth edition of the Sixth Pacific Society, arguing that Longshan culture can be divided into Shandong coastal area, northern Henan area and Hangzhou Bay area, and pointed out that Liangzhu site in Hangzhou Bay area "shows obvious regional differences that cannot be ignored ... different from the other two areas". During the period of 1955, villagers in Zhucundu, Liangzhu Town found a large number of black pottery while digging ponds in Changfen. Upon hearing the news, Zhejiang Cultural Management Association and Zhejiang Bo carried out a small-scale rescue excavation and obtained a large number of relics such as black pottery. 1957, four overlapping bronze age remains of Majiabang, Songze, Liangzhu and Wuyue culture were discovered within 500 square meters of Qiu Cheng site in Xing Wu, Zhejiang. 1959, Xia Nai formally put forward the name of Liangzhu culture at the meeting of the captains of the cultural relics and archaeology team of the Yangtze River Basin Planning Office. 196 1 year, Liangzhu site was listed as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in Zhejiang Province. From 65438 to 0963, the site of Sujia Village in Anxi was excavated, with an excavation area of about 300 square meters, and the accumulation of Liangzhu culture was discovered. At the same time, the investigation also found sites such as Huangnikou and Biandan Mountain. Caoxieshan Site in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province 1972 was excavated for the first time, with an area of * * 550 square meters. It is the most typical site in the ancient cultural sequence of Taihu Lake Basin, which has found the overlapping relationship and rich remains of seven stone tools in the early and late Majiabang, the early and late Songze and the early and late Liangzhu stages. 1973 The Caoxieshan site in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province was excavated for the second time and an ancient tomb was found. The late Liangzhu culture layer 198, and a large number of jade and pottery were unearthed, which is the first Liangzhu culture tomb discovered by scientific excavation. During the period of 1979, the Sidun site in Wujin, Jiangsu Province was excavated for the first time, and a large number of jade articles were unearthed. It is the graveyard of Liangzhu culture dignitaries. Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology was established in 1980, and has been doing a lot of archaeological work in Liangzhu area. Wujiabu site was excavated in 198 1, with an excavation area of about 1.300 square meters, and the cultural accumulation of Majiabang, Songze and Liangzhu cultures was discovered. * * * 8 tombs of Majiabang culture, 20 tombs of Liangzhu culture and Songze culture were cleared, and a large number of pottery, stone tools and jade articles were unearthed. This is the first large-scale archaeological excavation of Liangzhu site group, which proves that besides Liangzhu cultural site, there are earlier Majiabang cultural site and Songze cultural site in this site group. 1982, the tremolite nephrite deposit was discovered in Liyang by Jiangsu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, and it was identified as the origin of Liangzhu cultural jadeware in Yili Mountain, the remaining vein of Tianmu Mountain. 1983 During the second excavation of Fuquan Mountain in Qingpu, Shanghai, six jade and exquisite pottery tombs of Liangzhu culture were found on the artificially accumulated earth mountain. Fuquan Mountain has completely preserved the relics of cultural superposition in various periods from 6,000 to 7,000 years ago, including Songze culture, Liangzhu culture, Majiabang culture and Warring States period in Neolithic Age, and is known as the "birthplace of Shanghai". During the period of 1984, Liangzhu culture was excavated in Hekou Dai, Shuikou, Mojia and Tangjia in Liangzhu Town. New sites have been discovered in the northwest of Zhucundou and east of Xunshan. From 65438 to 0985, the Museum of Six Cities in Taihu Lake Basin held a joint exhibition of ancient animals, ancient humans and ancient culture in Taihu Lake Basin, and held an academic seminar. 1986, Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology carried out a planned excavation of the anti-mountain in Luoshan Village, Changming Township, Liangzhu. On the west side of the main pier, 660 square meters were salvaged, and large tombs of Liangzhu culture were cleared 1 1. More than 200 pieces of precious cultural relics such as jade, stone tools, pottery, ivory, painted jade and jade lacquerware were unearthed1(jade unearthed in the group, accounting for the majority of funerary objects, was rich in variety, well-made and engraved with a large number of idol patterns. The high-grade tombs of Liangzhu culture were excavated for the first time in Zhejiang, and the complete Liangzhu cultural emblem pattern was discovered for the first time. The anti-mountain cemetery is the highest-ranking Liangzhu cultural dignitary discovered so far. An academic seminar to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Liangzhu culture, sponsored by Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture, Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhejiang Museum, Nanjing Museum and Shanghai Museum, was held in Hangzhou. 1987, the remains of the altar of Liangzhu culture were discovered for the first time in Yaoshan, and the high-level tombs of Liangzhu culture were cleared 1 1, and thousands of jade articles were unearthed. The excavations of Fanshan and Yaoshan were rated as the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period. In the same year, excavation was carried out in the southeast of Mojiaoshan site, and a large amount of braised clay and abandoned accumulation in plant ash were found, as well as a small tomb of Liangzhu culture that broke the accumulation, which was confirmed as a large-scale architectural site artificially built during Liangzhu culture period. Academics believe that it is suspected to be the cultural center of Liangzhu. From 65438 to 0988, Fenqiao Site in Haining, Zhejiang, Gaojialing Site, Heyedi Site, Lin Ting Site in Jinshan, Shanghai and Cihu Site in Ningbo were excavated respectively. The stone plough unearthed from Tomb 9 of Heyedi Site is the first discovery in Liangzhu cultural tombs. The dome-shaped altar was discovered for the first time, and the excavation of this cemetery put forward the concept of hierarchical cemetery in Liangzhu culture. 1989 excavated Longnan site in Wujiang, Jiangsu, Huating site in Xinyi, Miaoqian site in Yuhang, Zhejiang, Dafen site in Jiaxing and Yaojiaquan site in Songjiang, Shanghai respectively. Yaojiaquan site is of great significance to the study of the transition from Songze culture to Liangzhu culture. From 65438 to 0990, Liangzhu Culture Exhibition was held in Shanghai Museum, Liangzhu Culture Jade was published by Cultural Relics Publishing House, and Liangzhu Culture Seminar was held in Shanghai. 199 1 year, the Guan Hui site in Pingyao was excavated for rescue, with an excavation area of about 1.600 square meters. Four high-level tombs of Liangzhu culture and 1 altar of Liangzhu culture were cleared, and 65438 pieces of pottery, jade and stone tools were unearthed (groups). It is proved that the altar should be a multi-level three-dimensional structure. It was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China. 1992 Liangzhu Culture Museum broke ground. The Zhaoling Mountain site in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province was excavated, and a number of Liangzhu cultural tombs with teenagers as "martyrs" and people as martyrs were discovered. Among them, the owner of tomb No.77 buried jade 125 pieces, as well as a large number of pottery and stone tools, which were extremely exquisite. The discovery of this site is of great significance to the study of social phenomena in Liangzhu period. It was rated as one of the top ten archaeological achievements in China and listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. 1993 1993 excavated heng shan cun in Yuhang, Zhejiang, Meiyuanli site in Anxi and Dafendun site in Jianghai, Zhejiang respectively. 1994 1994 excavated Pingyao garden site, with an excavation area of 400 square meters, and found the stone building foundation site in Liangzhu culture period. National Cultural Heritage Administration, China recommended Liangzhu Site Group in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province as the preliminary list of World Heritage List. Liangzhu Cultural Museum officially opened. 1995 1995 Excavation of Luzhuang Site in Funing, Jiangsu and Zhaoling Mountain Site in Kunshan. 1996, Liangzhu site (group) was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In the same year, the excavation of Guanhuishan and Jiaomoshan sites was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. From 65438 to 0999, taking Guanhui Mountain as a pilot, the site protection and exhibition scheme was implemented in Liangzhu. At the same time, the site of Guanhui Mountain was further excavated, and the construction process and scale of Liangzhu cultural altar in Guan Hui were more clearly understood. From 2000 to 200 1 year, the Wenjiashan site, Dushan site and Zhongjiashan site in Pingyao, Yuhang, Zhejiang Province were excavated for rescue, with a total excavation area of about 1. 300 square meters. Large and medium-sized tombs of Liangzhu culture were found at Wenjiashan site 18; Four tombs of Liangzhu culture were found in Zhongjiashan site, and a large number of jade articles, stone tools and pottery were unearthed. From 2003 to 2005, Jiashan Site in Yuhang District, Zhejiang Province was excavated three times, with a total exposed area of 2,600 square meters. 66 tombs of Liangzhu culture, 2 large ash ditches, 3 ash pits 1 block of Mudun Wharf, and 1 block of house ruins were cleared, and more than 0/000 pieces of jade, stone tools, pottery, wood and bone artifacts were unearthed. Among them, oval cylindrical lacquerware was discovered for the first time. In 2004, the Li Hengwei site in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province was excavated for rescue, with an exposed area of1.200m2.. Twenty-six Liangzhu cultural tombs, two houses and two Dahuigou tombs were cleared, and more than 400 relics were unearthed, among which the upper part of the cemetery was seriously damaged. In 2006-2007, the ancient city wall of Liangzhu was discovered in the archaeological excavation of Grape Village in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province. The preliminary results of trial excavation and large-scale drilling show that the east-west length of Liangzhu ancient city wall is about 1, 500 ~ 1, 700 meters, the north-south length is about 1, 800 ~ 1, 900 meters, and the circumference is 6000 ~ 7000 meters. The layout of Liangzhu ancient city wall is slightly rounded rectangle, showing a north-south trend. The bottom of the city wall is generally paved with stones and then piled with pure loess. The width of the bottom is about 40 ~ 60 meters. A well-preserved section of the city wall is about 4 meters high. Such a site with exquisite scale and management is very rare in the whole Liangzhu culture, which proves that it should be the central capital of Liangzhu culture in a certain period or region. In 2008, the archaeological discovery of Liangzhu Ancient City was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 2007. 65438+1 October1,Liangzhu Museum was completed and opened. Won the honor of 1996 Zhejiang Civilization Museum. 1998 yuhang district youth civilization and Hangzhou youth civilization. In 2000, Yuhang District Women's Civilization Demonstration Post and Zhejiang Youth Civilization ... In 2005, Zhejiang Public Security Demonstration Unit, Zhejiang Patriotism Education Base Exhibition Creative Award, Zhejiang Excellent Youth Civilization, Hangzhou Advanced Cultural Relics Work Unit. National Youth Civilization in 2006. In 2007, the female workers in Hangzhou contributed to the model post, the top ten scenic spots in Yuhang, and the advanced collective in Yuhang District who cared for and supported the work of the Young Pioneers. Take bus No.372 and No.389 to Liangzhu Museum Station for visiting information. Take the B-8 bus and get off at the main entrance station of Liangzhu Museum.