Photo 1: a copy of the cursive safe post, in silk.
Figure 2: After "Ginger Iron", Volume 6 "High Ginger Iron"
On the Content of Ping An Insurance and Related Issues
The transcript of Ping An Post (Figure 1) has only four lines, and the last five lines are incomplete, compared with the six-engraved version of Song Jiang Post (Figure 2) which first received this post. In order to facilitate content analysis, now read the post as follows:
1February 6, I told Jiang Dao and others that I was going to die, and I couldn't go. I didn't know that Jiang and others were safe until October, and I was worried about my death. It's cold, isn't it? Live in poverty. My ear hurts recently, and it hurts even more today. I don't want to give it away. In February, Jiang and others were told that they were safe and died.
Its main ideas are translated as follows:
1Feb. 6, I told Jiang Dao and others that the years passed and the end of the year was coming in a blink of an eye, which deeply lamented. I miss you very much, but I can't go to see you. I received your letter last year 10, and learned that Jiang and others are doing well, but Shou's old illness has not healed, which makes me very worried. It's very cold recently. Are you okay? Has Shou's health improved? My ear hurts recently, but it's better now. Dedication suffers from various diseases and is also very tired and sleepy. I won't elaborate on them for the time being. In February, tell Jiang and others that they are safe and live a long life.
Now let's analyze the content of the post and its related problems from several aspects.
I. Characters involved in the letter
The style of this post is Jin people's letters, that is, private letters from home. The characters involved are Jiang, Tao, Shou and Dedication.
"Jiang" frequently appears in Wang Xizhi's letters, such as "Tell Jiang on the 27th, how are your mother and son? Not one by one. High leaves. " "No.6 told Jiang that it will clear up soon after a storm comes. Your mother and son are safe. Have different powers. High leaves. " At the end of these two articles, they both signed "Gao Ye", which means "father". It can be seen that these two posts are both letters to my daughter (detailed later).
Although "Dao" and "Shou" rarely appear in Wang Xizhi's letters, "Dao" comes after the name "Jiang" and should also be the word of Wang Xizhi's children or posthumous title. Judging from the contents of the letter, "longevity" should be the same as "Jiang" and "Tao".
As for "offering it", there are doubts. Because in the Jin Dynasty, people who are close to each other usually call them by their first names or nicknames, and rarely call them by their first names. In Wang Xizhi's letters, apart from this post, there is no example of "offering", but "official slaves" appear frequently, which is generally considered to refer to Wang Xianzhi. There is also a miscellaneous post that says "Amethyst" and "Amethyst flew away with great intentions", which should be more credible. In addition, after this post, there are three lines: "All troubles are caused by imperial doctors ...", which may be from other posts, and its authenticity needs to be verified (detailed later).
Second, the style and idioms of letters in the book.
This post is a typical letter from Jin people asking questions. Usually after the greeting season, the order of messages is: after the greeting season, first describe the situation of receiving and replying to the letters from both parties, then ask if the other party is safe and report their current situation. , and then end the full text with a conclusion. In the life circle of the gentry at that time, it was mainly in this simple greeting way to contact each other, communicate and enhance friendship and care. The characteristics of this kind of letters are "seasonal" and "cold and warm", that is, they often sigh frequently after four o'clock in the season, and their feelings are like mourning. Peace Antie's sentence "sigh when you die ...", such as:
On September 25th, Xi suddenly nodded. It's winter. I sigh every hour. I'm very sad. I can't win, so I have no choice.
The first day of the first month is white. Sudden change of year, new reason, deep sigh.
Xi, the first day of the first month. Suddenly changing the year, I feel very hurt and can't win, but I can't help it.
1February 24th, Xihe Daily. I am sighing at the age of 20.
On the second day of the first month, Xi suddenly nodded. Suddenly, this year, I felt far away, hurt and heartbroken, but I could do nothing.
There are many idioms in letters, such as "Gao", which is a word in letters indicating low status. This letter was written by a respectable person, so this language is used. The same is true of "Ru" and "Wu". In The Book of Humble People, the biggest feature of addressing is that personal pronouns, such as "I" and "Ru", are often used, and generally there is no need to "take the first step" or call yourself, such as "Xizhi". Others are "peace", "calmness" (recovery), "anxiety" (worry), "fair" (very good), "poor" (slightly better), "don't want it" (tired and sleepy), "intensity" (physical condition and energy) and "no one" (also called "nothing") , all belong to the idioms of Jin people.
Third, the post is incomplete and the text is interpreted.
As explained above, the manuscript has only the first four lines, and the last five lines are missing, which is obviously lacking. Moreover, the printmaking in the second half also broke into other posts. For example, judging from the meaning of the text, the last three lines "Don't try your best to tell Jiang and others to be safe in February" have nothing to do with the content of the previous post, and the handwriting is quite different from its interest, which may be a post that broke in from other posts. It seems reasonable to attach it to the jade Qing post as a special post in the clarification hall post.
The "longevity" in the post "Longevity is not calm" is interpreted as "as soon as possible", which is regarded as "longevity" according to the meaning and font. The "ear" of "I have earache recently" is interpreted as "ear" according to the meaning and font. "No" is a repetition of "No". "Buyi Yi" is the same as "Buju". The "moon" in February Telling Jiang is interpreted as "evening", but it seems to be "moon" in terms of meaning and font.
Fourth, some situations involved in the post
Therefore, the post is also called "Gao Jiang Post", so it is necessary to examine the recipient "Jiang" in detail. According to the frequent occurrence of "ginger" in Wang's posts, scholars infer that it is the descendant of Wang Xizhi, but they don't know what it refers to. Later, according to the epitaph of Li Mengjiang in Princess Linchuan of the Tang Dynasty (hidden in Zhaoling Museum, Liquan County, Shaanxi Province) discovered in recent years, Emperor Taizong said: "I have heard a lot about Jiang Meng, the female character of Wang Xizhi, and her calligraphy is quite fine, and her admiration is a word, which can be found everywhere. Because of the word "Jiang Meng", we know that the "ginger" that frequently appears in Wang Xizhi's letters is actually the "one daughter" in Wang Xizhi's seventeen posts and children's posts. About this woman, "Your mother and son" in "Tell Jiang on the 6th that it will clear up after the rain, and it will clear up soon, and your mother and son are safe" should refer to her son Liu Jin. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Liu Xiao quoted Liu Jin as saying: "(Liu), Wan Ren. A distant ancestor is a prosperous father. He often married Wang Xizhi's daughter and gave birth to gold. Jin Youcai, Li Shangshu, Tai Changqing. "Liu Jin should also be one of Wang Xizhi's Sixteen Grandsons at Home and Abroad in Er Tie. Jiang Meng is the only daughter of Wang Xizhi. Of course, she is especially loved by Wang Xizhi. There is a king post telling this story:
I'm dying. I wanted to keep my daughter, so I gave it away. Do you think I can make a promise? When an unknown number is returned, it is futile. My wife took part in He Kang. The first step is small and the big is good, and the river will be helped in the fifteenth. Therefore, if you know the problem the next day, you must believe it and know it. You must take a shortcut to meet the first step. You can come back when you are late.
This post should be sent by Wang Xizhi to his daughter's in-laws (Liu Chang's). As can be seen from the letter, Wang Xizhi is in his later years, and he very much hopes that his daughter's husband's family will allow her to return to her family for a period of time. The letter also begged the other party to often let her daughter go back to her family, saying that she was waiting for the day when she saw her daughter.
Wang Xizhi's "recent earache" was also mentioned in the second half of the engraving. Wang Xizhi suffers from various diseases, such as foot pain, lumbago, shoulder pain, headache, toothache, abdominal pain, swelling, malaria, vomiting, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea and so on. Through this post, we can also know that he suffers from "earache". Wang Xizhi once asked in Article 17 Shu Tian, "Is ointment effective in treating deafness? There are tested medicines. " This can also indirectly prove that Wang Xizhi suffers from ear diseases, so he is very concerned about whether Tian Shu ointment has any effect on deafness.
Five, about copying and writing style.
The handwriting features of Guan Mo (Figure 1) and seal cutting (Figure 2) should come from the same copy. The question is which copy they came first, which is better and which is worse. In fact, by comparing the two, it can be clearly seen that the copy is fat and weak, and its charm is not as good as that of the carved version. In addition, the word "Go to October Book" in the copy of Ping An Tie is a trend of even grass, which is not found in the printed version, which is also the advantage of the printed version. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shu commented on this calligraphy cloud, which was characterized by "no stop of words" and "lack of frustration and vulgar rhyme", and concluded that "although the right army is a phoenix dragon, it is actually left-handed and right-handed, and there is no continuity" (Textual Research on Chunhua Secret Pavilion, Volume VI). Therefore, if both copying and engraving are from the same book, we can only say that the former is exquisite and the latter is rough, or that the former is unknown.
In the Tang Dynasty, paper, such as hard yellow paper, was generally used for copying and expanding legal stickers, because paper was easier to copy and expand than silk. In fact, double-hook ink filling is not as simple as "filling ink" in the outline of strokes as writing and dipping ink. According to Mr. Fukuda of Japan, in the process of repairing the excellent "Mourning Post", Japan found: "In terms of the literal meaning of filling ink with double hooks, draw the outline first, and then fill ink. In fact, it is not that simple to observe the real thing carefully. The so-called ink filling is composed of many fine lines like hair, and the technology is quite exquisite. " So, can silk materials be used for such accurate copying operations? I doubt it. Maybe the silk of Ping 'an tie was copied temporarily, which remains to be verified.
Regarding the handwriting of Ping An Post, some people say that the style of copywriting is similar to that of Seventeen Posts, probably because he only read the handwriting of the first four lines of copywriting.
I don't agree with this statement. Let me give you an example. After the fifth line of the block-printed edition, the handwriting gradually showed a wanton trend, such as "to do something" and "the pain is even worse today", which was quite different from the 17 cursive scripts. The style of seventeen posts is "not round but not moment, not square but not rules;" Starting from the rules, starting from the rules; Step by step. As for whether it can be vertical or not, it is said that it can't be beyond the heart "(Wang Shu's" Virtual Boat Inscription "). However, the handwriting comparison rate of Ping An Tie is far from that of Seventeen Tie, which is a cursive textbook and dictionary. If you ask what kind of Wang Tie is similar to Ping An Railway, I think it is quite close to the loss of the railway. For example, the word "pain" in the sixth line is very similar. The word "pain" frequently appears in Wang Tie, which is the most distinctive word in cursive script. In addition, Mr. Yujiro Nakata, a Japanese scholar, thinks that Ping An Tie is not a Wang Shu, and he suspects that it is a forgery of Wang Xizhi in later generations (A Study of Wang Xizhi's Center, Fa Tie, p 164). I don't agree with this view. The reason for this view may be that I doubt the "drama" and "imitation of books" of Asa Nonami and Southern Tang Dynasty. Indeed, in the history of Wang Shu's circulation, there have been many so-called "copying the right army" Wang Tie. Yu He, a Southern Song Dynasty poet, wrote in On the Desk: "Xiao Wu wrote a book about learning drama, with ten volumes about Xi, while Fu Yun learned drama without a title. Whether it is truth, action or cursive script, it is mixed on a piece of paper, or rewritten into numbers, or learned from predecessors and celebrities, or it is a bad thing to be careless. " (Book to be Recorded, Volume II) In the Song Dynasty, Huang Bosi said, "Because of the collection of books in the Secret Pavilion, I saw this note in a letter, and each volume was titled:' What is the number of imitation books'. There are no fake posts in this volume and other volumes. There are many others that are not included in other legal posts, and they are all written on Tang's paper. People in the Southern Tang Dynasty wrote their own books according to the words of the ancients. The words are true, but the words are not, so the Sri Lankan people regard themselves as' imitation books', but they only record the words and do not copy them. " "There are many books written by people in Chunhua Southern Tang Dynasty, such as pseudographs, Cui, Xie Fa, Bian Hu, etc., all written by the ancients, with the third volume as the most. Today's secret pavilion, a few boxes are still there, all paper books in the heart hall, clearly called' imitation books', and no copies and originals are made. At that time, the compilation of Wang Shu's works was very unknown, so it was specially named for recording, so it was confused with the original work, but there were many good posts that were not included. Unfortunately. " Even so, there are still some characteristics of Wang Shu in the handwriting of Ping An Post, which can be seen from the word "pain" mentioned above. Therefore, it should be said that the handwriting of "Ping An Tie" is still primitive, and it should belong to a variant of Wang Cao style.