Wang Zhanggui, Jingdezhen summarized some identification methods of Ming Chenghua porcelain:
Method 1: Identify the fetal glaze-the enamel is full and moist, and the fetal quality of porcelain is white, thin and dry. The carcass is beautiful and light, showing tooth yellow or flesh red under perspective; The glaze is slightly blue, and the enamel is plump and moist, just like baby skin, which is the unique style of Chenghua official kiln. This glaze color is one of the important characteristics to identify Chenghua porcelain.
Method 2: Distinguish the ornamentation-the ornamentation lines are slender and soft, and the ornamentation lines in Chenghua period are slender and soft, with double lines and light color filling. Blue and white are elegant, like dancing instead of dancing, and the painting is elegant and chic. The decoration of Chenghua Doucai utensils pays attention to the collocation of colors, mainly flat painting, regardless of yin and yang, and the picture lacks a sense of hierarchy. Flowers and characters' clothes are painted in a flat way, and leaves and flowers are not divided into yin and yang. Characters' clothes only draw monochrome coats, not underwear, so there is a saying that "a dress is made in a kiln", and the rocks have no concave and convex feeling.
Method 3: identify color materials-the color characteristics are: "bright red, bright as blood, uneven thickness; Goose yellow, delicate, transparent, slightly green; Apricot yellow, flashing reddish; Water green, leaf green and mountain green are all transparent and slightly yellow; The beeswax is yellow and slightly transparent; Ochre purple is dark; Jiang is strong and weak; Violet, thick and dull. However, "Wanzi" is unique in color, like red iron, and its surface is dry and dull, so it is difficult for future generations to imitate it, which can be described as the symbol of Chenghua generation.
Method 4: Process identification-the sand bottom of the utensils is brown, commonly known as "rice paste bottom". Chenghua porcelain has regular tire repair, and the abdomen was cut and shaped at that time, and tire contact marks can be seen. Due to the excellent technology in Chenghua period, the tire contact marks of tools such as bottles, cans and pots are not obvious; Plates often collapse, and the bottoms of bowls and plates are straight and high.
There are two kinds of blue and white porcelain in the official kiln: bottom glaze and sand bottom. Mostly glazed, the glaze color of the bottom is the same as that of the blank, and the sand bottom is brown, commonly known as "rice paste bottom". It is moist, smooth and free from roughness, which is the unique style of Chenghua official kiln. The foot wall at the bottom of the appliance is narrow and the foot ridge is round; Yellow overflow can be seen at the exposed tire; The inner glaze and bottom glaze of the utensils are smooth and delicate; The outer wall of the foot is mostly surrounded by two or three strings, one at the top and two near the bottom of the foot. The circle line near the foot root is deeper and the top is lighter.
Method 5: Distinguish styles-There are two styles of official kiln porcelain in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty: six-character style and Tian style, but there is no Chenghua style, only regular script style, but no seal script style.
The word "Tian" can only be found on Chenghua barrels, and the inscription is located on the outer bottom of the utensils. Mr. Sun Yingzhou, a late ancient ceramics expert, summed up the word "Tian" and wrote a verse: "Tian is an official without pillars, and the word sinks below. Kang Yong has skills in imitation, but the words float. " It is said that during the cultural period, there was a kind of colored bucket jar in the official kiln, with the word "Tian" written on the outer bottom and no border outside the word; Because of the thick enamel, the word "Tian" written in blue and white is not very clear, and there is a feeling that clouds cover the fog and obstacles are looming. Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong all burned Tian Zi jars in imitation in the Qing Dynasty, and the imitation fonts seem to float when they are more mature.
Apocalypse is the most imitated model in Ming Dynasty. There are many kinds of imitation consignments, including Daming Chenghua Year System, Daming Chenghua Year System, Chenghua Year System, six-character four-character double-line double-ring, single-ring, double-frame or acyclic frame, mostly in the center of porcelain bottom surface. Specifically, Zheng De takes the "Daming Chenghua Year System" as the mainstay, and Jiajing Chenghua's entrustment includes the above forms, and the apocalypse's entrustment includes the above forms. The inscription entrusted by the apocalypse is "system", and there are few circles. Generally speaking, there are several kinds of worship, such as Daming Chenghua Year System, Daming Chenghua Year System, Double-row Double Circle or Single Circle.
The early Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty was one of the dynasties with the most imitations of Chenghua. Even Guangxu and the Republic of China had years of entrusted Chenghua, mainly including "Daming Chenghua Year System" and "Chenghua Year System". Font strokes are too long, and writing is weak and delicate.
Chenghua folk kiln
Although the fine glaze of folk kilns is not as good as that of official kilns in the same period, the shape of the kiln is regular, the tire is white and thin, and the glaze is thick, which is the most prominent in the Ming Dynasty. Most of the blue-and-white porcelain in folk kilns have no money, and a few have money, such as "Ming Chenghua Year" and "Ming Chenghua Year", and the peripheral blue-and-white double-circle money, silver ingots and blessings.
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