Kublai Khan inherited the system of fearing learning and staying in the guard during the first four Khan periods in Mongolia, and the fourth fear of learning was still dominated by the descendants of several heroes. Because of the favorable political life conditions, many people tried their best to "fill in" the fear of studying, and soon exceeded the original rated upper limit of 10 thousand people. The imperial court often had to order the guards to "sand out", first of all to relieve the fear of learning from Han Chinese and southerners, but the effect was not great. In the third year of Wenzong (1332), the number of people stationed in the garrison decreased from 15000 to 13600, which is actually a confirmation of excessive phobia.
The bodyguard pro-military organization was founded in the first year of China's reunification (1260). It was the central army formed by Kublai Khan after imitating the imperial system of the Central Plains Dynasty. The first guard organization, called Wu Weijun, had about 30,000 soldiers from every Han army in the Central Plains. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264), Wu Weijun was renamed the bodyguard pro-army, divided into two wings. In the last eight years of Yuan Dynasty, the left-right guard was changed to the left, right and centre-back. Sixteen years after the Yuan Dynasty, the guards were classified according to different nationalities. The original three guards were expanded to front, back, left, right and middle five guards, with the Han army as the main body, which was called Han Wei. Later, Wu Wei (1280), Hu Benwei (1297), Datong Guard (1308, later changed to Zhong Yi Guard) and Haikou Guard (1309) were added one after another. At the same time, Tang Wuwei (128 1) and Qin Chawei (1286) were formed one after another by combining brave men from all over the world into pro-army guards (Preface to Military System). 1322 points left and right), Guichi Wei (1287), Xiyuwei (1295), Kangliwei (1308). 13 1 1 year), Zuo you Asuwei (1309), Long Zhenwei (13 12), Long Yiwei (1328). Mongolian guards (1280, 1303 or so) and those living in Ren Wei (1322) were established one after another. In addition, there are Zuo Duwei (East Palace Guard was established in 1279, and later changed to Long Fu Palace Zuo Duwei in 1294), Right Duwei (Dongguan Mongolian Guard was established in 1285, and later changed to Long Fu Palace Right Duwei in 1294) and Left Duwei. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the total number of pro-Wei Jun was between 200,000 and 300,000, of which Han soldiers accounted for about two-thirds.
The guards and pro-armies formed by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty used two different methods. One is that according to military or political needs, the court ordered the selection of elite soldiers from the designated army and concentrated in the capital to form guards and pro-troops; This also includes the establishment of new guards from the original security organization. This method is often used to form Han Guards and Mongolian Guards. The other is that the emperor authorized the minister of meritorious service to recruit relatives or similar people to form a new guard; This method is mostly used to form color eye protection. The former method was obviously influenced by the traditional military system in the Central Plains, where most dynasties chose local troops to defend the capital. The latter way was influenced by the early Mongolian military system, and the guards and pro-armies were organized in the form of thousands of households in Mongolia. Heroes can recruit their own subordinates and carry out management.
Although Xueqiu and the bodyguard pro-army are both central garrison troops, their functions are clearly divided. I am afraid that Xue is responsible for the safety of the emperor and the defense of Miyagi and Miyagi (palace shed), and generally does not go out to fight. Attendants and pro-troops should not only be responsible for the safety of the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty, but also guard the "belly" area. They are also the standing elite troops used by the imperial court, which are "focused on the heavy and controlled on the light" and can be sent to fight at any time. The affiliation between them is also different. Xue Pan was in charge of Xue Pan and directly obeyed the emperor. The guards and pro-troops are under the command of all guards, except the guards in the East Palace and the harem, and all belong to the Privy Council in charge of the military and political affairs. The difference in soldier recruitment is also obvious. The members who are afraid of Xue mainly come from Mongolian ministries, and the guards and soldiers who are closely related to the army include the Han army in the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River, Ma Hongjun and the newly attached army (the army surrendered in the Southern Song Dynasty), as well as the Semu people who were originally attached to the Mongolian army and the exiled Mongolian children. According to the regulations of the Yuan Dynasty, the Guards and the Pro-Army must be elite soldiers, so the Guards and Pro-Army became the backbone of the Yuan Army, replacing Xue Xue's military position as the "Big Man Army" in the Mongolian period.
The guards, composed of guards and pro-troops, seem to be the "inner" central army; The Mongolian army, Tanmachi army, Han army, and newly attached army, which perform guarding tasks in various places, seem to be regarded as local troops "outside". In fact, this is a superficial view that only pays attention to the positioning and function of the two types of troops, without considering their subordinate relationship. The attribute difference between the central army and the local army should be mainly based on the affiliation, not just the position and function. Therefore, according to the situation that soldiers in the Yuan Dynasty were directly under the emperor, the pro-Wei and the Mongolian and Danma Red Army stationed in various places were subordinate to the Privy Council, and the Han Army and the newly attached army were subordinate to the provinces. Su Wei and the Mongolian and Danmachi troops stationed in the town should belong to the Central Army. Because of the duality of imperial institutions and the highest local government in the province, as well as some jurisdiction rules, it is difficult to say that the Han army and the new army attached to the town garrison are local troops in a complete sense.
It is the "imperial army" of past dynasties.