In the early classics, only Nu Wa was mentioned to create human beings, but the use of clay was not mentioned. Huai Nan Zi believes that when Nu Wa created man, other gods came to help. The Yellow Emperor helped life to produce Yin and Yang, the Pian helped life to produce eyes and ears, and the Sanglin helped life to produce arms and hands. With their help, Nu Wa made seventy attempts and changes, and finally created human beings.
The record of Nu Wa's making man out of soil appeared later. "Taiping Yu Lan" said that Nu Wa used loess to shape people, but the work was heavy and her strength was not caught, so she whipped them in the mire with a rope, and the splashed mud spots became countless human beings.
starting a marriage
the head of a snake in the soil of Xinjiang, Fuxi Nuwa. Among them, Nu Wa holds the rules and Fuxi holds the moment
The legendary root of Nu Wa's creation comes from his status as the god of marriage. The establishment of this image is precisely because Nu Wa founded the marriage system. "History of the Road" holds that Nu Wa stipulated that marriage should be arranged by surname. The surname marks maternal blood. Nu Wa and Fuxi are married as brothers and sisters, that is, they have the same surname. But after that, marriage stipulates that the same surname is not married.
Because marriage is the basic ethics of human society, since the Han Dynasty, it is often depicted that Nuwa Fuxi is in charge of compasses and rulers, symbolizing the marriage rules, the earliest god of marriage, and many people turn to Nuwa (Xuan Nv for nine days) for help.
making musical instruments
Nu Wa created the sheng spring. Sheng is made by inserting a bamboo tube into a gourd, which is similar to today's gourd silk. The spring is the reed in the sheng tube. Wen Yiduo thinks that both Fuxi and Pangu are related to gourd in Fuxi Kao, so the legend of Nu Wa making sheng with gourd and bamboo tube is also related to her brother Fuxi.
Later generations took "sheng" as the meaning of "life", symbolizing that Nu Wa was born. [5]
Refining stones to make up the sky
According to the Records of san huang, the water god * * * was at war with the Vulcan Zhu Rong. * * * workers were defeated by Zhu Rong, who hit the western pillar of the world with his head, causing the sky to collapse and the water of Tianhe to pour into the world. Nu Wa couldn't bear the human disaster, so she refined the five-color stone to make up the sky, broke the foot of the turtle to support the four poles, and killed the beast in the flood, so that human beings could live in peace.
there are other sayings. "History of the Road" said that * * * Gong's family made an insurrection after Tai Hao's (Fu Xishi's), which led to floods. Nu Wa's family fought against Gong's family and defeated Gong's family, so heaven and earth were calm.
The goddess patching the sky is a very famous myth. This myth was quoted in the first time of A Dream of Red Mansions. In order to mend the sky, Nu Wa refined 36,51 stones, used 36,5 pieces, and left an unused piece, which was reincarnated as Jia Baoyu's psychic Baoyu.
Nu Wa's day of mending the sky by refining stones is called the day of penetrating the sky, and there are different opinions. The seventh, ninth, tenth, nineteenth, twentieth, 21st, 23rd and 25th days of the first month vary from the seventh day of the first month to the 25th day of the first month, and the 2th day of the first month is the most popular. It was also said that it took three days to make up for The goddess patching the sky from the 2th to 23rd of the first month. Lu Tong said, "Draw the needle of the sun and the moon, and the five-star thread will make up the sky. After three days of compensation, I refused to return to my husband's home. "
Yang Shen's Ci Pin in the Ming Dynasty said, "Before the Song Dynasty, the 23rd day of the first month was the day to wear the sun. It was said that Nu Wa's family used this day to make up the sky, and the custom put pancakes on the house, which was called" mending the sky to wear ".Today, it is obsolete." After the Song Dynasty, it was almost always on the 2th day of the first month. Hakka and Zhangzhou Minnan call the day of mending the sky the 2th day of the first month. Minnan people in Sanyi, Quanzhou, can't get through the day. They commemorate The goddess patching the sky on the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th.
literary image
Nu Wa Zan
Wei Cao Zhi's "Nu Wa Zan": the ancient monarch, who made a spring as a sheng, did not give a gift, but Xuanyuan compiled it, or Yun Erhuang, with a snake-shaped head, deified 7, the spirit of He Dezhi.
The Pioneering Romance
The eleventh time of the Pioneering Romance by Ming Zhou You: It is said that Nuwa, a female, is Fu Xishi's younger sister, born of the same mother, born as a god, with a face like Fu Fen, a red tooth, and a length of 25 feet. She is extremely intelligent, and her eldest brother Zuo is the wedding ceremony of the marriage medium, focusing on all people and being the god medium. When Fu Xishi collapsed, the ministers pushed Nu Wa's family to the throne with the title of Queen, with its capital in the mountain of the Emperor.
Romance of the Goddess
In the novel Romance of the Gods, it is told that when Zhou Wang of the Shang Dynasty was worshipping incense in the sacred temple of Nu Wa, a sudden gust of wind rolled up the curtain, revealing the icon of Nu Wa. When Zhou Wang saw that Nu Wa was beautiful in appearance and beautiful in national color, she was as fascinated as a fairy in Ruigong and a goddess in Yuedian. When Nu Wa returned to the temple to see it, she ordered the Three Demons of Xuanyuanfen (among them, the Millennium fox pretended to be da ji) to confuse Zhou Wang, so as to make him abandon the Chaogang, ruin the inheritance of 6 years, and accelerate the demise of Shang Dynasty.
In memory of
ancient times
In Lun Heng, Wang Chong quoted Dong Zhongshu as saying that if it rains for a long time, it will be a sacrifice to Nu Wa. It shows that from a long time ago, there was a sacrifice to Nu Wa. Its original intention is because Nu Wa is the queen of ancient times, which belongs to yin, and it is also a yin image when it rains for a long time, so it sacrifices to Nu Wa.
Volume 1 of Records of the Newly Decided Nine Domains in the Northern Song Dynasty says that there is "Huangmu Mountain, also known as Nuwa Mountain, on which there is a shrine, which people pray in drought and water."
Since Tang Suzong, Nu Wa has been worshipped as the god of marriage. And think that it is her achievements in establishing marriage that make her a monarch.
According to records, Nu Wa's tomb is located on the bank of the Yellow River in the southwest of Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, and has been "enshrined" since Qin and Han Dynasties. The famous "fenglingdu" got its name. Wang Guowei's school: "Yu Lan quotes Dai Yanzhi's Journey to the West:' Fuxi, Nuwa, Feng surname also. This is the tomb of Nu Wa. ..... "The Story of the Universe" says:' Sanli Fengling in Hedong County is the tomb of Nu Wa, and it has been a ritual since Qin and Han Dynasties'. "
Sacrifice Day
Nuwa's sacrifice days are Human Day, Patching Day and Birthday.
According to legend, Nuwa's birthdays vary from place to place, such as the winter solstice, the first day of the first month, the seventh day of the first month, the tenth day of the first month, the fifteenth day of February, the third day of March, the fifteenth day of March, the eighteenth day of March, the fifth day of May, the ninth day of May, the eighteenth day of July, the fifth day of September, the eighteenth day of October and the fifth day of November.
the royal palace, located on zhonghuang mountain, 12km northwest of Shexian county, Hebei province, was founded in Beiqi. Every year, March 18th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of the Virgin Nuwa in Wa Palace. From the first day of March to the 18th, temple fairs are held.
Loi Wo Temple, a famous sacrificial place in China, is the Nu Wa Mausoleum, which is located in Hou Village, Zhaocheng Town, Hongdong County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province. It is one of the cultural relics protection units of the Chinese people and Shanxi Province. On June 1, 24, it was awarded as a cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. It is an ancient building. There are also reports of Nu Wa's sacrifice and related relics in the ancestral temple in Jixian County, Shanxi Province. Besides, it is proved by the Chinese Nuwa Culture Research Association of Mount Li and famous experts and scholars all over the country that the peak of Mount Li is the Fuxi Nuwa Temple, which was built in the Warring States Period. There are scattered sacrificial temples in other places, such as Loi Wo Temple in Macau. Sacrifice days are the Seventh Day on the first day of the first month, and the Day-mending Festival on the 2th day of the first month.
The influence of later generations
Nu Wa is the ancestor of the Chinese people and the mother of the Chinese nation. Nuwa culture has a long history, is profound and rich in content. It is an excellent traditional culture of prehistoric civilization and the Chinese nation, and it is also an important research object of China's prehistoric civilization.
pre-Qin literature ancient books such as Shi Shuan pian, Chu Ci, Book of Rites, Classic of Mountains and Seas, Huainanzi, Hanshu, Customs Tongyi, Emperor Century, Unique Records, Road History, Yi History and Yi History since Qin and Han Dynasties.
occupies an important position in the whole ancient culture series. It is an important part of the history of human development and folklore research, and its values are:
① It has outstanding historical and cultural research value and is an important historical material for inheriting Chinese civilization and national spirit;
② It plays an important role in strengthening national cohesion and building a harmonious society;
③ It plays an important role in enhancing entrepreneurial spirit, enriching the treasure house of Chinese culture and promoting cultural exchanges;
④ It embodies peculiar folk and folk cultural phenomena, which has far-reaching historical significance for life etiquette, human survival and cultural inheritance.