Accompanied by the prince of Zhao, it was Lin Xiangru, the doctor of Zhao. The king of Qin and the king of Zhao knew how to drink, so they coerced the king of Zhao to play the piano and recorded it in the History of Qin, which made the king of Zhao feel extremely embarrassed. At this time, Lin Xiangru righteously advised the King of Qin to be deposed, and also asked the historians of Zhao to write down the history of Zhao. Officials of the State of Qin refused, threatening Zhao to cut the city for the birthday of the King of Qin 15, and Lin Xiangru also forced the Prince of Qin Wei to cut the capital of Xianyang for his birthday. So tit-for-tat, angry words, until the end of the banquet, the king of Qin failed to get any cheap, so he had to make up with the king of Zhao.
In order to show that the war has ended and stopped, the soldiers of both sides held the soil and buried weapons to show friendship, thus forming a high platform of the alliance. In 482 BC, Lu Aigong, the monarch of Lu State, and Jin Dinggong, the monarch of Jin State, dated Fu Cha in Huangchi (now southwest of fengqiu county, Henan Province) and held an accession ceremony. Fu Cha is very excited, because Lu and Jin are old vassal states, and they are quite influential among them. Now the other party invited him to join the alliance, which is of great benefit to Wu's position in the eyes of the princes.
Fu Cha, the king of Wu, mobilized the best soldiers in the country and marched to Huangchi with distinctive armor.
When Gou Jian learned the news, he secretly assembled 30,000 elite soldiers at the border of wuyue, ready to use the elite of Wu Jun. When Gusu was left with only weak and defeated soldiers, he attacked the capital of Wu with lightning speed.
Fuxi, Lu Aigong and Jin Dinggong stood side by side on the viewing platform and reviewed the three armed forces. Wu Jun is doing its best, and its momentum is like a rainbow. Wherever Focha goes, the soldiers of the three armed forces will cheer in unison. Lu and Jin are deeply afraid of this. Focha is full of ambition. Hunting with the second male yielded a lot. The second duke praised, "If you really go to Kyle to run the army, you can dismount and run the country." Focha heard the highest evaluation of himself in his life and suddenly felt that he was soaring.
Two months later, Fu Cha's Shuaijun returned to Wu, and Gusu City was empty.
Zhou Muwang once swam here at 1 1.3 km south of the county seat and east of Batai Village. According to "Fengqiu County Records", "The son of heaven traveled eastward in Huang Ze. Song Yue said: Huang Zhi ruler, his horse sprays sand, Huang Zhize, and his horse sprays jade. " So it was called Huangchi in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the thirty-eighth year of the Zhou Dynasty (482 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, led an army to meet the governors in Huangchi and compete with Jin for leadership. This is the famous "Huangchi Conference" in history. Today, only the ancient Huangchi monument is left, and a brick monument building is built to protect it. King Hui of Zhou wanted to abolish Prince Zheng and make Toyoko, the son of his beloved princess, a prince.
In order to keep the prince's position, in May 655 BC, Qi Huangong called a meeting of the princes of eight countries on the pretext that the princes wanted to visit the princes. Prince Zheng met his ministers at the first time and lived together for several months. King Hui of Zhou felt that Prince Zheng was out of control, but unable to fight, so he secretly sent someone to persuade Zheng not to join the League. Listen to Zhou Wang, Zheng left the first check, and the other seven princes * * * made a covenant with * * * to help the prince. Later, Qi went to attack Zheng, and Zheng also took part in the Covenant. Soon, King Hui of Zhou died, and Prince Zheng succeeded him as King Xiang of Zhou. King Xiang of Zhou was very grateful to Qi Huangong and sent someone to send him sacrificial meat, precious bows and arrows and a car. Qi Huangong took this opportunity to meet his ministers in Kuiqiu (now Lankao, Henan Province, within the territory of civil rights) in 65 1 BC and entertain the envoys of Zhou Wang.
According to historical records, Qi Huangong was the most powerful of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period; Among the nine governors in Qi Huangong, Kwai Chung is the most prosperous. At the Kwai Chung meeting, Qi Huangong read out the Covenant on behalf of the vassal states. Its main contents are: it is not allowed to lead floods to other countries; Don't sell food because of famine in other countries; Do not change the prince; Concubines are not allowed to replace wives; Women are not allowed to participate in state affairs. Some of these contents are the requirements of economic cooperation between countries, and some are the needs of maintaining patriarchal order. The treaty stipulates that "whoever makes an alliance with us will make up after making an alliance." Through the Kwai Chung Conference, Qi Huangong finally achieved the goal of uniting governors and dominating the Central Plains.
Confucius said, "Guan Zhong assisted Qi Huangong, dominated the princes and unified the world, and Shu Ren was still blessed by it! Without Guan Zhong, we would have parted our hair and opened our skirts to the left, becoming people under barbarian rule. " After decades of activities, Duke Huan complied with the decline of the royal family and the rise of great powers at that time, adopted a series of internal and external policies in line with the situation at that time, and made certain achievements in the social development of Qi and the defense of the advanced culture of the Central Plains from the destruction of backward ethnic groups such as Rong Di. After the battle of Chengpu, the Jin army lived in Chu military camp for three days, ate the captured rations, and returned to China on April 8. On April 29, 8 jin j arrived in Hengyong, where he was building an official for Zhou Xiang Wang.
Battle of Chengpu
Three months before the battle of Chengpu, he went to Chu to hand over Zheng's army to Chu for command. Zheng Wengong was afraid of the failure of the Chu army, so he sent Zi Ren to the state of Jin for peace. Luan Zhi of Jin went to see Zheng He to discuss the alliance. On May 1 1, Jin Wengong and Zheng Wengong signed a covenant in Hengyong. On May 12, Jin Wengong presented captives to King Xiang Zhou, along with four armored personnel carriers and 1000 infantry. Zheng Wengong presided over the ceremony of King Xiang of Zhou, and received him with the courtesy of Jin. On May 14, King Xiang of Zhou entertained Jin Wengong with sweet wine and advised Jin Wengong to drink. King Xiang, Wang, and Uncle Naishi of Zhou Xiang were appointed as the leaders of the princes with strategic strategies, and were given a war car, a full set of costumes, a red bow, 100 red arrows, 10 black bows, 1,000 black arrows, a bottle of black millet wine, and 300 warriors. They said that they resigned three times before accepting the king's orders and said, "Zhong Er kneels down again and accepts. Jin Wengong accepted the suggestion and went out very late. He appeared in front of King Xiang of Zhou three times. As the capital of Yue State after Huiji (now Shaoxing), Langya was in the 25th year of Goujian (472 BC). At that time, the King of Wu led an army to attack the State of Jin, and the State of Yue sent troops to cut off the back road of the State of Wu, thus destroying the State of Wu and expanding its territory to the Langya area in the north. In order to further dominate the Central Plains, the King of Yue joined hands with the vassals in Xuzhou, and was honored as "Job" by Zhou Yuanwang, on par with Qin, Jin, Qi and Chu. One winter two years later, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, died of illness in Langya. As the capital of Yue State, Langya lasted for more than 200 years and was finally annexed by Chu State.
With the help of Sun Wu and Wu Zixu, He Lv, the king of Wu, saw the hope of hegemony, but failed at the foot of Huiji Mountain and was shot to death by Yue. Fu Cha, his son, was obsessed with revenge, and was finally defeated by Gou Jian in Fu Cha, making Fei Jun of Yue his own groom.
When Fucha Huangchi was still alive, the capital Gusu was already in hot water. Fu Cha, who spent all his money in the Central Plains, never imagined that he ate his own excrement and became Gou Jian, his groom. He could muster 50,000 armored soldiers in an instant and send troops to attack Wu. Panicked, Focha hurried back to Gusu to confront the Vietnamese army and Li Ze. The arrogant Wu Jun didn't even look at the Vietnamese army. However, under Gou Li's training, the Vietnamese army has been thoroughly remoulded and well trained. In the night, the Vietnamese army dived across the river and appeared in front of Wu Jun like a mountain soldier at dawn. Wu Jun's chaos caused numerous casualties. It was weakened after three years.
At this point, Gou Jian, who was over 50 years old, finally became the last generation hegemon in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period, Meng Hui and Xuzhou, but at this time, the Spring and Autumn Period, which has gone through more than 200 years, has come to an end. A textual research on the alliance between princes and clouds in the Spring and Autumn Period. The earliest recorded history of Hai 'an in Nantong can be traced back to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2480 years ago, which is a historical fact about the Governor's Council of Yun (now Hai 'an Lifa). There are three theories about Prince Hai 'an.
One is the encounter between Lu and Wei. 1997 June edition of Hai 'an County Records records on page 7: "In the twelfth year of Lu Aigong (483 BC), Xie Shouyun (now Faqiao, then Fakou) was built on it." The basis of this written record comes from the inscription of Lifaqiao in the first year of Tongzhi recorded in Rugao County Records of the Republic of China. The inscription reads: "Lifa Bridge, located 45 miles north of Rugao County, was the entrance to Fafa in the Spring and Autumn Period. Lu Aigong twelve years, guild Wei Hou Yu Yun built a pavilion on it, which is here ... "As a rule, the inscription should be more accurate. Lu is in Qufu, Shandong, and Wei is in Qixian, Henan, south of Huaxian. Why did Lu and Wei join forces in southern Xinjiang of Wu? The writing is not clear, and most people don't know.
The second time was the Wuwei meeting. On page 54 of Rugao County Records (June edition, 1995), there is a paragraph about the establishment and division: Rugao was the land of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Zhuan: "Twelve years of mourning for the public, Hou Wei will go to Wu Yuzhen". Du Pre-note: "Clouds are also sunny." History of Lomi Daoism: There is a Fayangkou in the southeast of Hailing, and there is a 45-mile Li Fei Bridge (now Lifa Bridge) in the north of today, which is its land. Rugao County Records shows that this information comes from Zuo Zhuan and History of Robbie Road, and Rugao and Hai 'an belonged to Wu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The editor thinks that Wuwei is more likely to meet here, but is there Lu Guo present? There are still questions.
The third is the encounter between Lu Wei and Song. There are three explanations about cloud in Ci Hai (published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House) in 2000 edition: ① Cloud is also a cloud, with an ancient name, in Hubei today; (2) the name of the ancient city, Spring and Autumn Wei; (3) the ancient place name, "Spring and Autumn Wu. In the east of Rugao City, Jiangsu Province today. " Twelve years of mourning for the public in the Spring and Autumn Period:' The guild will protect Hou, and the Song Emperor will die.' "The cloud is in" Rugao East "should be" Rugao North today ",and now it is in the east of Hai 'an County. Here is a record of the encounter with Song Huangyuan in Yun. Ci Hai is an authoritative reference book, and its description should be credible. But Song was in Shangqiu, Henan, and between Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui, Lu and Wei were also in the north, and Wu was in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the south. Why did Lu Wei and Song Hui meet in Yun, Wu? Did Wu Haoqiang attend? I can't understand it.
The above three statements have certain basis and credibility, but they are not completely consistent. Who is more accurate? It is also possible that the three descriptions are incomplete and are suspected of being taken out of context. In 2004, the author went on a business trip to Nanjing, bought Zuo Zhuan Zhu 1998 published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in June, carefully read the relevant accounts about 12 in Zuo Zhuan Zhu, and combined with the historical facts of feudal lords fighting for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, had a clear concept of the fact that Wu, Lu, Wei and Song Zaiyun met.
Zuo Zhuan is one of the Thirteen Classics of Confucianism in China, and it is a biographical historical work in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chronicles are divided into two parts: classics and biographies. According to the "Classic" of mourning for the public in the twelfth year of Zuo Zhuan: "In autumn, Wei Hou and Huang Song of the guild died in the clouds (this sentence is the same as the note in Ci Hai)." Mr. Li Mengsheng commented: "In the east of Rugao County, Jiangsu Province today. Or the cloud is in Jixian County, Shandong Province. " Like the annotation of Ci Hai, Yun's "in the east of Rugao County, Jiangsu Province" is wrong, but it should be in the north of Rugao City or in the east of Hai 'an County. On page 1340 of Zuo Zhuan, the "Biography" department records: "The guild will be Wuwei in the future. Woods committed the massacre of Bolai in Tongtai, please seek an alliance ... ""Will Zheng Wu be in Wei ... autumn, and will meet Wu Yunyun with Hou Wei (this sentence is the same as Rugao County Records). Gong and, and died in Wu Meng. Wu Renfan (surrounded) Wei Hou's home ... Da Yibo said it was Wei Hou's house. " From the account of the twelve-year biography in Zuo Zhuan, we can clearly understand the situation of the Yundi Conference in 483 BC, that is, Wu wanted to make up with Lu. Soon, Wu called for defending the country. At first, wei ren killed the pedestrians of the State of Wu. Due to the great power of the State of Wu, Wei Hou (Wei) took his advice and went to the State of Wu in the autumn of 483 BC to meet the people of Wu. He formed an alliance with Wei and Song Huangyuan, and finally refused to form an alliance with Wu. Therefore, the people of Wu surrounded Wei's residence. Lu took Zigong to see Wu Taizaibo, and later Zigong went with five pieces of brocade. After Zigong's lobbying, Uncle Wu Taizai released Wei Gongchu.
According to the records in the Classic and Biography of Zuo Zhuan for twelve years, it is not difficult to see that in the Spring and Autumn Period, the meeting of the land should be the meeting of Wu, Lu, Wei and Song. During the Spring and Autumn Period, slavery in China gradually disintegrated, and the Zhou royal family declined. Qi, Jin, Chu, Qin, Wu, Vietnam and other countries compete for hegemony. According to the statistics of Zuozhuan alone, there are 109 governors' alliances and 97 governors' associations, and the local association is one of them. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, after the political and military reforms of Wu Zixu and Sun Wu in the era of He Lv, the southern State of Wu became more and more powerful and attacked the northern State of Chu many times. In 494 BC, Fu Cha, the son of He Lv, defeated Yue State, attacked Chu and Chen, and then attacked Lu and Chen. In order to dominate the Central Plains in the north, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, organized people's power, dug ditches and communicated with Jianghuai. That meeting was a fragment of Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, bullying and fighting in the Central Plains. In 482 BC, the King of Wu agreed to join forces with the State of Jin in Huangchi, Henan, to compete for hegemony with the State of Jin. However, Fu Cha's hegemony weakened the national strength at the same time, which gave the chance for the revival of Yue and the demise of Wu. Countries such as Lu, Wei and Song declined at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and gradually became small countries. In order to survive, they have to deal with big countries such as Jin, Qi, Chu, Wu and Yue, and often give gifts to please big countries, and use them to fight for their own survival. Wu is meeting with Lu, Wei and Song, and the alliance of the latter three is a contest between strong and weak alliances.
To sum up, the 1997 edition of Hai 'an County Records, the 1995 edition of Rugao County Records and the 2000 edition of Cihai are all incomplete records about the encounter between Yun and Di, and their narratives are all quoted from Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Jing, or quotations. Ancient historians study historical books such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan, and think that Zuo's (referring to Zuo Zhuan) is a stalemate of appearance and appearance. Classics don't spread, saints close their eyes and think about them, and they don't know for ten years. "Therefore, we must correctly understand the contents of classics and biographies in Zuo Zhuan, and only by combining them can we correctly understand their meanings. Therefore, the accurate expression of Yundi Huimeng should be: In the twelfth year (483 BC), Wu summoned Yundi (now Legislative Bridge in Hai 'an County) to Huimeng, with the intention of forming an alliance. Wei () and Song all refused to form an alliance with Wu. So the people of Wu surrounded Wei's official residence and put him under house arrest. After Zi Gong's lobbying, Wu Taizai released Wei. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wang had no choice but to indulge in debauchery all day. He did not listen to advice, tortured indiscriminately, and relied on his great power to launch a protracted war to conquer Dongyi, further aggravating the already sharp contradictions and struggles within the ruling class. The intensification of internal and external contradictions provided a good opportunity for the rise of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Zhou Ben was a small country belonging to Shang Dynasty. Thanks to the painstaking efforts of King Ji Chang and King Ji Fa of Wu, the national strength became stronger and stronger, and many governors came to him. In order to avenge his father, King Wen made up his mind to attack and destroy the Shang Dynasty. However, in view of the fact that the Shang Dynasty ruled for more than 500 years and still had strong strength, he did not dare to launch a strategic decisive battle against the Shang Dynasty, but kept accumulating strength and took some practical steps, such as conquering the dog enemy in the west and eliminating worries. The eastward conquest of Korea, Li, and Li swept away the obstacles on the road of cutting down and destroying commercial routes.
BC 1046, King Wen died and succeeded to the throne. The following summer, King Wu led his troops eastward from Haojiang, and soon came to Jin Meng (now northeast of Jin Meng, Luoyang) on the south bank of the Yellow River. The surrounding tribal countries came to join the Union one after another, and the "eight hundred princes" cheered. Mobilization said that his ancestors made great contributions to heaven, so the former king (King Wen) was sent by heaven to destroy the cruel Yin merchants and save all the people. Unfortunately, my late king died young and entrusted me with the heavy responsibility. In order to realize the legacy of our ancestors, everyone should make every effort to assist in completing the achievements of our ancestors! So he ordered the soldiers to board the ship and head for the other side of the Yellow River. In an instant, thousands of ships competed and the waves splashed, and armies from all walks of life quickly reached the north bank of the Yellow River. However, before landing, King Wu issued an urgent order to return to the south bank. Why is this happening? It turned out that this was a major cross-river exercise arranged by King Wu in advance to test the adaptability of Shang Dynasty and the military strength of vassal states. Seeing that the army of the Shang Dynasty was on alert, he thought that the time was not ripe to destroy the Shang Dynasty, so he led the army westward. The military action of alliance with Tianjin is called "watching soldiers with Tianjin alliance" in history.
By forming an alliance with Tianjin to defend the soldiers, he met the "eight hundred princes" unexpectedly, which laid a solid position as the leader of the King of Wu, indicating that Zhou had the ability to organize powerful military forces to launch a war to destroy commerce.
Two years later, the ruling clique of Shang Dynasty fell apart. Wang Xian, a loyal minister, tried to save the fate of Shang Dynasty and was told of bad luck. Prince Bigan was killed, Ji Zi was imprisoned, and Cabbage escaped. And a surname all ran to Zhou, leaving only some treacherous men around them. The king's room was in a panic, and no one dared to come out and persuade him. Zhou Wuwang thinks it's time to reduce the number of businessmen.
In the 11th year of King Wu (BC 1043), King Wu personally led 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 soldiers to the east. Before we set out, we told the vassals in Tianjin to rejoin the alliance and fight the Shang army. Haojiang army crossed Weihe River and Yellow River and arrived at Jin Meng Ferry smoothly. Here, King Wu of the second meeting is a vassal. After this meeting, in addition to the princes with the same surname, the Coalition forces also had troops from Qiang, Wei, Zao, Peng, Pu, Yong and Shu tribes in the west and south. King featuring held a swearing-in meeting and issued an oath to the Coalition forces ("Hey? Thai oath "), narrated the crime of Zhou Wang's" death in the sky ",and announced the execution of God's will-punishing Zhou Wang, which contributed to the high morale of the cutting business Coalition. After crossing the river in Tianjin, they jumped in and went straight to Yindu to sing.
Joining forces with Tianjin sounded the death knell of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Later, after a decisive battle-the battle of Makino, the allied forces completely defeated the manufacturer's army and entered the Song Dynasty, the capital of Yin and Shang Dynasties. Zhou Wang was cornered, burned to death, the Shang Dynasty perished and the Zhou Dynasty was established.
The historic event of "Eight Hundred Miles Prince Jin Meng Club" took place in the northeast of Jinmeng today. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a monument to Meng Hui, and today's Menghui Town was named after it. The Qing Dynasty's Mengjin County Records once commented: "When the world is in the forefront, it is connected with Shaanxi in the west, Cao Wei in the east, the capital in the north and south, and Xiangchu in the south, which can be described as a scenic spot." As a natural barrier of ancient Luoyang, the ancient capital of Jin Meng occupies a very important position in the ancient military geography of China.