The most commonly eaten wild vegetables in the Tang Dynasty are Astragalus sinicus, Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda japonica, Polygonum cuspidatum, Xanthium sibiricum and Portulaca oleracea.
Water shield again? Chinese cabbage, also known as sunflower, belongs to Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves float on the water, and the tender stems and leaves are covered with colloidal transparent substances. Jiangnan in China is mostly wild, and its tender leaves can be eaten as vegetables in spring and summer. In the Tang Dynasty, the water shield in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was the most famous, and its water output was large, so it could be taken by boat.
The poem "Answer to Courtiers" says: "The water shield of Jinghu Lake is like silk, and the pastoral songs are so delicious recently." Qian Qi's poem "Send my nephew Fan Mian to Changzhou for a long history and save the dynasty" says: "The orange flowers are low in the guest house, and the water shield surrounds the boat." Pi Rixiu's poem "Fisherman on the West Coast" said: "When it rains, the water shield slips." It all reflects the gratifying scene of the lush growth of water shield. Water shield is smooth and delicious, and Jiangnan people regard it as a high-quality vegetable, which must be accompanied by rice. Du Fu's Return? There is a cloud in the poem: "Strong rice slides"; Bai Juyi's Fifty Rhymes of Traveling to the East also said: "silky and soft". It has been circulating for many years, and the water shield is cooked into soup and becomes the best dish. Liu Yuxi's Seventy Rhymes of Liyang Story: "A cent of rice is a thousand miles of sunflower soup", Zhang's Fishing Songs: "The owner of Songjiang Crab House is happy, and rice soup is also * * * rice", Chu Guangxi's "Picking Ling Ci": "Rice is eaten all day, and soup is also eaten.
Pteridophytes, Pterisdaceae, perennial herbs, grow in the barren hills of north and south. Its young leaves are edible and are called bracken. In spring and summer, people in the Tang Dynasty often went into the mountains to collect. Li Ying's "Mountain in Spring" says: "I am familiar with Chai Ren, and spring will come. Look for purple ferns according to the posts, and pull out trees to get plums. " Qian Qi's "Grandson Living Outside Lantian Mountain" also said: "The wine flows late, and the family picks ferns." Especially in the spring drought, the newly born bracken, as a natural food, can often help people tide over the difficulties, so Zheng Gu has a poem "Mountain fern stops spring hunger". At the same time, bracken is an important variety of daily vegetable food. Many people like sweet and delicious bracken, which is often used in vegetables and is delicious. Miracle's poem "Flowers in the Mountain": "Purple fern is red in the afternoon"; Wei Zhuang's poem "Left Xi Mountain Left": "Boiling purple fern with Xiao Yan"; And Li Deyu's poem "Inviting Songyangzi to Live in Huaishan": "Eat purple fern for dinner" all show people's love for bracken in the Tang Dynasty. In the food market at that time, bracken was widely sold as one of the vegetables. Bai Juyi wrote in the poem "Let the fish fly": "Bring a bamboo basket at dawn, and the children will grow vegetables. Under the green fern, double white fish lie on top of each other. " It shows that urban residents go to the market to buy vegetables and also choose wild bracken.
Wei is a big nest vegetable in leguminous plants, commonly known as micro-vegetables, which is mostly born in mountainous areas and widely distributed. Tang people gathered in the mountains and ate them as vegetables. Song Wenzhi's poem "Night Return at Songshan Mountain" says: "I live at the foot of Songshan Mountain, so I can pick old roses." Chu Guang-Xi's Miscellaneous Poems says, "It's not the time to plow and chisel, but to talk about taking Wei from the mountains." Because there are many collectors, wild Osmunda japonica is often found. Bai Juyi's "Continuation of Ancient Poems" said: "Mountain roses are picked in the morning, and mountain roses are picked at dusk. At the age of 20, Wei Yan was exhausted. What is hunger? " Osmunda japonica is sweet and slightly spicy, and its protein content is higher than that of similar wild vegetables, which is known to consumers. Chang Jian's poem "Empty Mountain Should Fill the Field": "White heart can wash the heart, and picking Wei can be used as a dish", which points out the edible value of Wei cuisine.
Chenopodium album, also known as grey vegetable, belongs to Chenopodiaceae, which is produced in both north and south, and its young leaves are edible. There was a saying of "the beauty of quinoa" in Historical Records. Huo, refers to bean leaves. Chenopodium album is often called poor food, and it was still eaten by poor people in the Tang Dynasty. Yao He's "Crossing Zhanghandan Village" says: "Wild rice with quinoa will never be hungry." Han's Oracle says: "There is no desire to ask the beauty of the world, and quinoa fills the intestines and makes clothes." Even middle-class families sometimes make quinoa. Xu Yin's Ode to Me: "Steamed Chenopodium album, boiled sunflower at dusk" embodies the position of Chenopodium album in vegetable food. Artemisia selengensis is sweet and flat, so it is suitable for soup. Lu Guimeng's "Holy Book of Fu You" once described: "In the case, a cup of quinoa soup, such as five ding and seven prisons, was eaten around." If you add a proper amount of rice grains to Chenopodium album, you can cook Chenopodium album. Lu Guimeng's Poems on Water Villages refers to this poor food.
Shepherd's purse is a cruciferous plant, which is born in fields and gardens and can be eaten when it is fresh and tender in spring. There is a saying in Meng Jiao's poem that "it is bitter to eat intestines". Even in autumn, shepherd's purse is withered and old, and people still eat it. Qingyun's poem "Autumn Water Living in Idleness" says: "Procuratorial treatment, preparing Chinese food." In the Tang dynasty, shepherd's purse was listed as a collection dish in the central plains, and there were many purchases and sales in the market, but no one cared in some areas in the south. Ming Taizu's Miscellaneous Notes records: "When you are ten miles high, you complain about five states. The valley is full of food but people don't eat. Luxe felt it, because the poem conveyed a message: "Two capitals are sold by the pound, and five streams are not picked. Although summer is different, the smell will not change. "It seems that the consumption of shepherd's purse is subject to geographical restrictions.
Polygonum hydropiper is an annual plant Polygonum hydropiper, which is born in wetlands, waterside or water and distributed in the north and south of China. Polygonum hydropiper is pungent and contains spicy volatile oil, which is generally used as seasoning food. Yuan Zhen's poem "Yi Yun" has the narrative of "eating Xin Ning and avoiding Guo". The poem "Wandering in Kaiyuan Temple" also says: "A good meal should be despised." Polygonum hydropiper is abundant in the wild and easy to collect, so Chen Zangqi's Materia Medica is called "artificial lettuce". In addition to Polygonum hydropiper, Polygonum hydropiper and Polygonum hydropiper belonging to Polygonaceae are often eaten as wild vegetables.
Xanthium sibiricum, also known as curly ears, Hedyotis, mallow and sage are compositae plants, which are born in wasteland and roadside and can be seen everywhere. In the Tang Dynasty, people used fresh Xanthium sibiricum as food. Du Fu's poem "Drive the Vertical Axis and Pick the Xanthium" says: "I can't afford it. Weeds don't burn alone, and wild vegetables are dark springs. Curling ears can cure wind, and children can pick them from time to time. Invade the stars and drive them, and rot Ren Yuan. Stop putting baskets at noon and wash and peel each other. Medium-rare sex is better, but sex is better. Add a little melon and you will be an orange slave. " It can be seen that although farmers worked hard in the Tang Dynasty, it was still difficult to get enough food and they had to rely on wild vegetables to make a living. Xanthium sibiricum is not delicious, so it should be used as food to satisfy hunger. Li Bai once wrote a poem "Picking Xanthium with Wine" to express his preference for this wild vegetable. Zanyin introduced several cooking methods of Xanthium sibiricum in the book "A Heart Guide for Medical Doctors". Among them, the "cooking method of Xanthium sibiricum" States: use the tender leaves of Xanthium sibiricum, cook for three to five times, percolate out, and use "five flavors to blend and eat"; Another example is "Xanthium sibiricum Cotyledon Soup", that is, the cotyledons of Xanthium sibiricum and rice are boiled into soup, and then eaten together with salt and pepper and scallion. Tang people took great pains to cook wild vegetables into delicious food.
Portulaca oleracea, also known as equisetum, is widely grown in fields, barren slopes and crops, and can be harvested in summer and autumn. Portulaca oleracea was regarded as a valuable vegetable in the Tang Dynasty, and sometimes it was picked in the garden, that is, together with the garden vegetables. In Du Fu's poem "Garden Officials Deliver Vegetables", two kinds of wild vegetables are mentioned: purslane and chicory: "Chicory is like a needle, and there are many horseteeth leaves. Green, buried in the garden. ..... I know that the chicory generation, I have taken away the grassroots, like purslane, and I was shocked by the sunflower. " Chicory, also known as wild chicory and rabbit dish, can be eaten, but it is not as smooth as purslane. Du Fu said in the preface: "The garden official sent the vegetable handle and was away for several days. Chicory and horse teeth are covered with delicate vegetables. " It means that chicory and purslane are also used as vegetables and sent to the government for consumption. Even the court of the Tang Dynasty sometimes ate horsetooth vegetables as a sign of people's feelings. Volume 1 of Tang Yulin records: "When Dezong first ascended the throne, he deeply respected etiquette, ... and invited courtiers to eat horse tooth soup without salt and cheese."
Of course, there are many kinds of wild vegetables eaten by the Tang people, such as sleeping vegetables, leeks, shepherd's purse, bitter vegetables and bitter vegetables. Viola, mouse ear, golden disc grass, Uighur grass, Mengniang vegetable, four-leaf clover, glutinous rice, glutinous rice, etc. , has all entered the case. The intake of sleeping vegetables can be seen in "North Road Tiger": "Sleeping vegetables were born in fields in May and June, and their leaves are as cold as lotus roots. The natives picked roots and pickled them. " Pi Rixiu's poem "Lu Wang Pushes Wild Vegetables with a Bow" says: "Spring smoke warms the sun, please weave baskets for me. At first glance, I dipped into the cow's lip fluid and squeezed out the smell of mouse's ears. Purple armor was collected from the spring vein, and Cui Ya was found in Shi Gen. "In addition, Youyangza also recorded underwater wild vegetables, which is very unique. In short, people in the Tang Dynasty tried their best to find wild vegetables in nature to make up for the lack of food, and at the same time opened up more resources for their daily food.