The invention of papermaking is beneficial to the development of China's cultural undertakings. Centuries later, papermaking spread to Korea, Japan, India and Arabia, and later to Europe through North Africa. Papermaking technology promotes the spread of human culture and is a great contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization.
With words, the most important thing is to have a good carrier. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus of the Nile to describe history; In ancient Europe, people also used animal skins, such as sheepskin, for a long time to write words.
In China, before the invention of papermaking, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk were used for writing and recording in ancient times. However, Oracle bones and bamboo slips are relatively heavy, and Qin Shihuang has to read a whole car a day; Although silk is light, it is expensive and not suitable for writing.
By the Han Dynasty, due to the rapid development of economy and culture in the Western Han Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bamboo slips could no longer meet the needs of development, thus promoting the improvement of writing tools-paper was invented. Papermaking is an important chemical process. The invention of paper is a very valuable contribution made by China to the spread and development of human culture, a great achievement in the history of China and an important influence on the history of China.
Extended data
Ways and methods of papermaking
ancient times
There are five main steps in papermaking in Ming Dynasty. Experts in each process have their own duties, and some special tools for papermaking have been developed. The paper-making method shown in the figure was widely used in ancient China, and its manufacturing speed was faster.
Chop bamboo and float it in the pond: chop bamboo and soak it in the pond to make the fiber fully absorb water. You can also add plant raw materials such as bark, hemp head and old fishing net and mash them. Boil _ sufficient fire: cook the broken materials until the fibers are dispersed and until they are cooked into slurry. As you can see in the picture, the broken materials in the cauldron are pressed with big stones, which helps to boil completely. ?
Throw the material into the curtain: after the pulp is cooled, pick up the pulp with a flat bamboo curtain and filter the water to become a paper film. This step requires skilled skills to fish out the paper film with moderate thickness and uniform distribution. Cover the curtain and press the paper: fold the paper film out one by one, press it with a wooden board, put heavy stones on it and press the water out. Through-fire baking: stick the semi-dry paper film on the fire to dry, and take it off to get the finished product.
In addition, the paper-making methods not recorded in Tiangong Wu Kai and various ancient books have been passed down to this day, which is longer than the paper-making method. The inverted paper method is mainly used by Dai, Tibetan, Uygur and other ethnic minorities in a small scale. Compared with the paper-making method, the paper made by the inverted paper method is rougher and slower. ?
Modern Times
Now science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, and modern papermaking technology has been mechanized.
Ground wood pulp, also known as mechanical pulp, is a kind of wood fiber obtained by mechanical grinding force, which is mainly divided into general mechanical pulp, refined mechanical pulp and thermal mechanical pulp.
Chemical pulping is to separate fibers from lignin by chemical methods to obtain wood fibers, which are mainly divided into alkali pulp, sulfite pulp and sulfate pulp.
Semi-chemical pulp combines mechanical and chemical pulping methods and can be further divided into neutral semi-chemical pulp, cold pulp and chemical-mechanical pulp.
Baidu encyclopedia papermaking