Sakya Sect has two branches of inheritance: bloodline and legalism. After the Yuan Dynasty, there appeared three tribes in Sakya: Orr, Gongga and Chaer. In addition, the important monasteries of Sakya Sect include Qin Gong Temple in Dege, Sichuan, Jiegu Temple in Yushu, Qinghai, Shizang Temple in Yudu County, Nalanduo Temple in Linzhou, Tibet, and Cai Jie Temple in Sikkim today.
Sakya Sect adopts the method of passing down the Guan family from generation to generation. The representative figure is the five ancestors of Sakya Sect. The first ancestor Gongga Ningbo Er (1102-1158), the second ancestor Sonam Mozi (1142-165438), and the first ancestor. Panditha Gongga Jianzan (1182-1251) of the fourth ancestor Sakya School and Zhuijianzan (1235- 1280, nephew of Panditha of Sakya School) of the fifth ancestor Sakya School. From 65438 to 0244, Pandita of Sakya Sect went to Liangzhou for talks at the invitation of Mongolian Prince Kuo Duan, which made an important contribution to the Yuan Dynasty's unification of Tibet. Later, Basiba was made a national teacher and an imperial envoy by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu, who was in charge of the general affairs of the hospital and the local political and religious affairs in Tibet. 1267, a Sakya local government was established in Tibet. With the support of the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty, the influence of Sakya Sect increased greatly, and its temples and influence spread to Kangqu and Amdo, which also had a great influence on the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty. At the same time, the contradictions within the Sakya Sect have gradually developed. 1324 Sakya Temple is divided into four chapters: Xituo, Renqin Gang, Lacan and Duque, and each chapter belongs to man and land. 135 1 year, the influence position of Sakya Sect in Tibet was replaced by Dasitujiang Qujianzan of Pazhu Kagyu Sect, and the influence of Sakya Sect declined day by day. In the Ming Dynasty, the leader of Sakya Sect was named Mahayana King. Sakyamuni kept only a small piece of territory near Sakyamuni, and its leader was His Holiness Sakya. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the inheritance of the other three chapters was cut off, but each chapter was subdivided into two chapters: Pengcuo Pozhang and Zhuo Ma Pozhang. So far, His Holiness Sakya has been held by the eldest sons of Fannie and Freddie in turn. His Holiness Sakya lives in America now.
Sakya school pays attention to the translation and debate of Confucian classics in Buddhism. There are two traditions in expressing sects. One is to advocate that we only know how to teach dharma; A middle view that all laws are empty and preaching should become a theory. In esoteric Buddhism, there is the Thirteen Golden Laws of Sakya School (the Thirteen Golden Laws that do not cross the peripheral areas), and the Taoist law is the most unique teaching method. According to the Taoist law, there are three levels of practice. The first level is to give up "non-happiness" ("bad karma", doing bad things). Concentrate on doing good deeds, and there will be three good relationships in the afterlife. The second level is to destroy "I hold" ("I hold" refers to all tangible or intangible things). Once the "self-attachment" is cut off, troubles and pains will not occur, and people can also be freed from the pain of cycle. The third level is to get rid of "seeing everything". All viewpoints refer to "disjunctive viewpoints" (meaning one-sided explanation that "everything in the universe is not real") and "common" (meaning the opinions of ordinary people). The Sakya school believes that only by preventing "disjunction" and "sharing" and taking the middle road can we reach the realm of the wise.
Sakyamuni had to get married, but it was stipulated that they could not get close to women after giving birth. Sakya monks wore red and lotus-shaped Buddhist crowns and red cassocks.
In the philosophy of Buddhism, the Sakya school pays special attention to Professor Daoguo, and the most important doctrine is Daoguo method.
Sakya Sect was founded by Kungong Quejiebu in 1 1 century, and was carried forward by his son Gongga Ningbu.
Sakya Sect developed into a Sect with strong political power when the Central Plains society entered the Yuan Dynasty in the13rd century. Saban Gongga Jianzan, the fourth ancestor of Sakya Sect, and Basiba (real name Luo Zhui Jianzan), the fifth ancestor, respectively, made great contributions to the consolidation of the Yuan Dynasty empire. Basiba was made emperor and was ordered to create Basiba. This new Mongolian script is used throughout Mongolia and has played an important role in Mongolia's social and cultural progress.
The main temple of Sakya Sect is Sakya Temple. The Buddhist scripture library behind the Buddhist temple is a treasure house of wisdom, with more than 10,000 kinds of Buddhist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures, which were carefully copied by calligraphers who concentrated in Wei, Tibet and Kang areas during the Basiba period with gold juice, silver juice, cinnabar, precious stones and ink, becoming a Buddhist treasure. There is another Fangjing in Sakya Temple, which is one meter long and one meter wide, protected by plywood from top to bottom, and all written in golden juice. It is also a treasure among treasures. Sakya Temple has more than 40,000 volumes of Buddhist scriptures, among which there are a large number of Bayleaf Sutra. Some people call Sakya Temple "the second Dunhuang". Selonggen Wengshu was born in Kangqu in 1429. He went to Wang E Temple and other places, studied four kinds of dense and obvious Ten Ming Studies in front of 18 translators, built Yaolongjia Temple as the host of Sakya Temple, and went to Mongolia and other places to spread Buddhism. He died in Sakya Temple in 1499.
It is particularly worth mentioning that the Dege Sutra Printing Institute, established by Sakya Sect in Qin Gong Temple in Dege, Sichuan in 1550, is the most famous sutra printing institute in Tibetan areas. The special printing and engraving of Tibetan Buddhist classics, important writings of various sects, calendars and medicine are as important as other ancient books, and have played an important role in protecting and promoting Tibetan Buddhist culture. The Emperor Damabala of the Yuan Dynasty summoned famous monks from Tibet, Han, India and Beiting in Beijing to investigate the Buddhist scriptures in Chinese in Sanskrit, which lasted for three years and was compiled into the General Record of the Investigation of the Supreme Magic Weapon of the Yuan Dynasty. This laid the foundation for the compilation and engraving of Tibetan tripitaka. Sakya Temple is still the temple with the richest collection of Tibetan Buddhism.
The characteristics of Sakya Sect:
Sakya Sect is the earliest school of new translation and secret mantra, and its establishment is the prosperous period of Adishakadang Sect. Qiao Shi of Sakya School studied Buddhism from Gui kubala, the eldest disciple of Adi Gorge. His son, Zhangdi Damaninbu, is a Buddhist monk of Buyi nationality in Katanga. He studies the middle view of Dragon Tree and cishi's theory, so he is greatly influenced by Katanga Sect. Later, Sangjiebai in Yachu, Rongdun Mavissanger, the abbot of Sakya Sect, and other eminent monks were the gates of Adixia and Menodun Sampur. Therefore, the characteristic of Sakyamuni teaching method is that professors full of karma are from the bright to the dark, and the famous Daoguo of this school is a method that lays the foundation on the bright and ends with the secret method. According to the root organs of all beings, practicing Buddhism is extremely important. In view, we should first start with the Hinayana, Mahayana's knowledge-only middle view, and then introduce the highest view of secret-reincarnation nirvana; In the practice of dharma, it is also the practice of observing dharma, and then it is the second time to practice dharma by secret method. In practice, the most important commandment is from childhood to adulthood. Saban put forward the theory of combining three methods. As for the opinions of the Sakya Sect, they also acknowledge the views of the Gelugpa Sect, believing that all dharma originated from emptiness, but like the Awakening Sect, they don't admit that it is just emptiness after all, and think that winning righteousness and secularism should have roots as the foundation, so they admit that winning righteousness is the foundation of everything. If you admit that coming to Tibet is better than righteousness, it is to admit your true nature. At this point, they are completely contrary to the stereotype of the Gelug school, but quite consistent with the Kagyu school and the Ma Ning school. They are similar to perceptual schools, but they are not exactly the same. Both Sakya School and Awakening School are developed from the only-knowing school, but they both deny that the only-knowing school thinks that knowledge is not superior to righteousness, and that knowledge is mixed, secular and reincarnation. It is believed that Tathagata is "wisdom", pure nirvana, and immortality is the victory of righteousness. However, whether secular and righteousness, reincarnation and nirvana, knowledge and wisdom are two sides of the same body, so there is no difference between reincarnation and nirvana, and there is no difference between secular and righteousness. The Awakening School admits that victory is empty, but victory itself is not empty, and secularity is empty, thus dividing secularity and justice into two parts. The Awakening School says that Tathagata, hiding victory, and one side is the opposite. Sakyamuni said that the Tathagata and Tibet were separated from drama, that is to say, it was neither there nor empty, its body could not be recognized, thought or expressed, right and wrong were empty, and it was far away from the two sides of existence, nothingness, discontinuity and regularity, hence the name "separation from drama". This view is the same as that of Ma Ning and others. It was hard to understand that truth is empty and does not exist. Use the words in the Quotations of God to explain that "the body is empty, so it is impossible to have it, and it is not wasted." The fact is that nothing is "empty after all". However, the truth is not like a piece of wood and stone. Its use is clear, it can be used according to it, and it is also "taking justice". Empty is the body, useful and empty. This is the natural law, that is, Farr is like this. At the same time, the Sakya Sect, like Nima and Gaju, all admit that all beings have Buddha nature, that is, they are divorced from drama, that is, nirvana is no different. However, the Sakyamuni school believes that all beings are just Buddhists and ordinary people, and the Buddha's nature is deeply obscured by troubles. Therefore, the heart is knowledge, but it is not called wisdom. We should start with ordinary people because of their position. It is convenient to cultivate the mind in various ways, from small to big, from obvious to dense, and gradually turn knowledge into wisdom through various conveniences. Therefore, they think that the transformation from knowledge to wisdom needs gradual cultivation, not epiphany, which is the difference between them and Ma Ning and Jiaju. In addition, Sakya particularly emphasized the idea of "happiness and emptiness", which is regarded as the highest point of view of everything. This view is to cultivate the second life circle, cultivate the wind pulse, seek brightness, and show the three-body syndrome. This is very similar to Kagyu School and Jueneng School, but different from Ma Ning School. Ma Ning School thinks that the highest point of view is dzogchen, and he suddenly realizes the essence. This is a futile method, which belongs to Adi Yoga in Supreme Yoga. Taking the Convenient Path is a useful method, which is easy to deviate. It is only equivalent to Maha Yoga and Aru Yoga of Ma Ning School. The above summarizes the views of the Buddha Sect of Sakyamuni. As the Secret Ride Collection says, "If there is nothing (empty), there is nothing (there is) in the garden. Regardless of whether you are out of the normal state or not, just show respect to the guru "(original book1page 59). Therefore, the highest view of Sakya school-Lenny's view of nothing else-still belongs to the theory of true nature.