In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted Zhao Gong the title of Yan in Beijing and nearby areas. The capital was in Liulihe Town, Fangshan District, Beijing today, and the ruins still exist. He also granted a title to the descendants of Yao (the Temple of Heaven built in 1420, one of the most famous monuments in Beijing, said to be descendants of the Yellow Emperor) in Ji, southwest of today's Beijing. After the Yan State destroyed the Ji State, it moved its capital to Ji, collectively known as Yandu or Yanjing.
In the Qin Dynasty, Beijing was designated as Jixian County and governed by Guangyang County.
In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, this city was placed under the jurisdiction of the State of Yan. In the first year of Yuanfeng, it was renamed Ji County of Guangyang County and belonged to Youzhou. In the first year of the Benshi period, because an emperor was entrusted here, it became the capital of Guangyang.
When Guangwu was restructured in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Youzhou Governor's Department was placed in Jixian. In the eighth year of Yongyuan, it became the residence of Guangyang County again.
During the Western Jin Dynasty, the imperial court changed Guangyang County to the State of Yan, and Youzhou moved to Fanyang. During the Later Zhao Dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Youzhou garrison moved back to Jixian County, and the State of Yan was renamed Yan County, which remained unchanged after the rule of the former Yan, the former Qin, the former Yan, the later Yan and the Northern Wei.
In the third year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty, Yan County was abolished. But soon in the third year of Daye, the Sui Dynasty changed Youzhou to Zhuojun.
During the Wude period of the early Tang Dynasty, Zhuojun was renamed Youzhou. In the first year of Zhenguan, Youzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. Later, Beijing became the residence of Fan Yang Jiedushi. During the Anshi Rebellion, An Lushan proclaimed himself emperor in Beijing, and his founding title was "Dayan". After the chaos in the Tang Dynasty was over, Youzhou was restored and returned to Lulong Jiedushi for control.
In the early Five Dynasties, the warlord Liu Rengong established a local government here and called himself King of Yan. He was later eliminated by the Later Tang Dynasty. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty fought against the Liao Dynasty at the Gaoliang River (now Haidian District, Beijing City). The Northern Song Dynasty was defeated, and he wanted to see the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun from now on. The Liao Dynasty established a capital in Beijing in the first year of Huitong, named Nanjing Youdu Prefecture. In the first year of Kaitai, the name was changed to Jinfu.
In the first year of Zhenyuan, the Jin Dynasty Emperor Hailing Wang Wanyanliang officially established the capital in Beijing, called Zhongdu, in the southwest of today's Beijing. Since then, the capitals of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were established here.
Muhuali, the general under Genghis Khan, captured Beijing in 1215 and established Daxing Mansion on Yanjing Road. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty from Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed Zhongdu Road Daxingfu. In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Daxing Prefecture in Zhongdu was officially renamed Dadu Road (Khanbalik in Turkic, meaning "Khan City", transliterated as Khan Bali and Ganbalik). According to Marco Polo's travel notes: People in the Yuan Dynasty believed in Buddhism, and elephants were considered auspicious animals in Buddhism. At that time, elephants often roamed around.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) was the capital, and Dadu Road was renamed Beipingfu in August of the first year of Hongwu. In October of the same year, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province due to military needs. In March of the second year of Hongwu's reign, it was changed to the residence of the Chengxuan Administrative Envoy Department in Beiping. After King Zhu Di of Yan won the throne after the Jingnan Rebellion, he changed Peking to Beijing in the first year of Yongle. It was named "Xingzai" (the place where the emperor traveled and stayed, it was called "Xingzai") and he stayed here permanently. The current Beijing also got its name from this. After Zhu Di established his capital in Beijing, he banned elephants from walking in Beijing. The city of Beijing is orderly, prosperous and peaceful. In the first month of the 19th year of Yongle, the central government of the Ming Dynasty officially moved the capital to Beijing, with Shuntian Prefecture in Beijing as the capital, and Yingtian Prefecture in Nanjing as the remaining capital. During part of the reigns of Renzong and Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty, Beijing was once demoted to Xingzai, and the capital was restored to Yingtianfu, Nanjing.
After the Qing troops entered the customs, they stationed in Beijing, which was also called the Capital Shuntian Prefecture and belonged to the Zhili Province. The Qing government implemented a policy of separation of banner people in Beijing, that is, the Eight Banners lived in the inner city, and the Han and Hui people lived in the outer city. In the Qing Dynasty, Beijing's health problems were extremely poor. In the palace, eunuchs were like an ant array. Li Jiarui's "Beiping Customs and Symbols" said: "The streets are convex and concave, with dust, wind, mud and rain, cows and horses, noisy and steamy, and it is a filthy area."
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Beijing is an ancient capital with a history of more than 3,000 years. It has different titles in different dynasties. There are roughly two More than ten nicknames.
Ji According to historical records, in the 11th century BC, after King Wu of Zhou conquered Shang, he granted the title of Emperor Yao to Ji, and granted the title of Duke Zhao to Yan. It is also said that there was a state of Yan before Zhou Dynasty, and later Yan merged with Ji and made Jicheng the capital. This is the predecessor of today's Beijing. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Yan Dynasty, Jixian County was established, and its former location is in today's Beijing City.
Youzhou was one of the nine states in ancient times. The name of Youzhou was first seen in "Shang Shu Shun Dian": "Yan said Youzhou." Youzhou was established in the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang dynasties, and it was all governed in the area around today's Beijing.
Yandu is named after it was the capital of Yan State in ancient times. Among the seven heroes of the Warring States Period was the State of Yan. It is said that the country got its name because of its proximity to Yanshan Mountain, and its capital was called "Yandu". Later, it was often used as another name for Beijing in some ancient books. In the 1980s, a publication on Beijing's literature and history was published, and its name was "Yandu".
Rixia first appeared in the "Book of Jin". Yingchuan is very close to Luoyang, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, so it is called Rixia. Later, when Wang Bo, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion", he said, "I hope Chang'an will be in the sun, and Wu will meet in the clouds." This allusion was used, and from then on "Rixia" was used as the representative name of the capital. As a synonym for Beijing, there are "Rixia Jiuwen" written by Zhu Yizun of the Qing Dynasty and "Rixia Jiuwen Kao" written during the Qianlong period.
Youdu County was established in the Tang Dynasty, and Youdu Prefecture was also established in the Liao Dynasty, which governed the area around today's Beijing.
Yanjing In the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, Shi Siming called himself Emperor Yan, and Fan Yang was named Yanjing. After the Anshi Rebellion was settled, Yanjing was dismissed. Later, although the official name of Beijing changed frequently, the name Yanjing was widely used.
In the past century, "Yenjing" has been the most commonly used nickname in Beijing, and even the names of some companies and products often use these two words.
Chunming originated in the Tang Dynasty. The main gate (east gate) of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was named Chunming Gate. The ancients believed that spring was in the east, so later generations used "Chunming" as the nickname of the capital, and Beijing became the national capital. Later, it was also called "Chunming". Sun Chengze of the Qing Dynasty wrote "Chunming Meng Yulu", which means this.