Category: Culture/Art
Analysis:
Jinse
Jinse has fifty strings for no reason,
One string and one column miss the Chinese years.
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his dream,
The emperor's spring heart is entrusted with cuckoos.
The bright moon in the sea has tears,
The sun in Lantian is warm and jade produces smoke.
This feeling can be remembered later,
But it was already at a loss.
Notes:
Guser has fifty strings. Pillar, a pillar that adjusts the pitch of strings; Sidu removes the tones, because rhymed poems are not allowed to have three flat tones in a row. Lantian: In the southeast of present-day Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, it was a famous source of jade in ancient times.
Brief analysis:
This poem is a piece of memory in old age. Although it is a bit hazy, it has always been recited by people.
The first couplet of the poem is inspired by the sad and sad Jinse, which points out the theme of "thinking of the Chinese years". Unprovoked, without reason, without reason. Fifty strings, "Historical Records: Book of Fengchan" records that the ancient zither had fifty strings, although later it was generally made of twenty-five strings, but it still has its own system. The first and second lines of the poem say: The beautiful brocade-painted zither has fifty strings. I am almost fifty years old, and every string and every string evokes my memories of the passing years.
The chin couplet and neck couplet of the poem are the core of the whole poem. In the couplet, the story of Zhuang Zhou's dream about butterflies is found in "Zhuangzi: Equality of Things": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and they were lifelike butterflies. ... Suddenly he felt that he was a butterfly. I didn't know that Zhou's dream was a butterfly, and the butterfly was like a butterfly. "Dream for Zhou Jie?" The "Xiao Meng" in the poem refers to the dream when the sky is about to break. "Confused about butterflies" refers to being confused about the relationship between oneself and butterflies. Faced with the warring states society where heroes competed for power and the society changed drastically, Zhuang Zhou came up with the idea that life is illusory and impermanent, while Li Shangyin used this allusion because he felt that the power of the country in the late Tang Dynasty was declining, the political situation was turbulent, and fate was like duckweed. This allusion also contains his sadness about the loss of love and life. He seemed to have had a premonition that he would die soon, and he wanted to vent his deep pain and resentment. The legend of Emperor Wang can be found in "Huanyu Ji", which says: "The king of Shu, Du Yu, was named Emperor Wang. Later, he died because of his Zen position and became Zigui." Zigui is the cuckoo. The beautiful and desolate cuckoo described by the poet has been sublimated into the poet's miserable soul. The deep sadness can only be attributed to the cuckoo's cry in late spring. How desolate it is.
The neck couplet is immediately followed by the chin couplet. "The New Book of Tang: Biography of Di Renjie" records: "(Di Renjie) cited the Ming Dynasty, transferred Bianzhou to join the army, and falsely accused the officials of deposing Zhi. He sent Yan Liben to summon him for questioning, and he was very talented. , Xie said: "Zhongni said that Guan Guo Zhiren, you can be said to be a treasure in the sea." "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Zhuge Ke Biography": "Ke is rarely talented. Sun Quan said to his father Jin: 'Lantian produces jade. It's true. '" "Pearl" and "jade" are self-descriptions of the poet, which not only refer to talents, but also to virtues and ideals. The poet uses these two images to express his sorrow that he has outstanding talents and virtues, but they are not used by the world. The last couplet of the poem uses a rhetorical question and progressive sentence pattern to strengthen the tone and end the poem. "This feeling" summarizes the emotions expressed, while "Cheng Memories" echoes "Sihua Years". It's hard to wait, which shows that this melancholy and sad "this feeling" has long been confused and difficult to let go, and it is even more unbearable at this time.
This poem is artistically very individual, using allusions, metaphors, and symbolic techniques. In the poem, butterflies and cuckoos are symbols, and beads and jade are metaphors. They create a bright, clear, and graceful atmosphere. The artistic conception of sadness.
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< p> This poem "Jin Se" is Li Shangyin's representative work. Everyone who loves poetry is happy to recite Taoism and is the most famous. However, it is also the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations and no consensus.The title of the poem "Jinse" uses the first two words of the sentence. In the old theory, it was originally believed that this poem was a poem about things, but recent commentators seem to maintain that this poem has nothing to do with the poem, and is actually an "untitled" work that uses the poem to hide the theme. I think it is indeed different from ordinary chants about objects, but it is also not an untitled poem that simply "cuts off the first two characters" to create a metaphor without any reference to the literal words. The love story it writes is clearly related to Se.
Many annotators have misunderstood the two sentences in the couplet, thinking that this can be used to determine that the poet was "in his fifties" or "nearly fifty" when this piece was written, so So much. Not really. "Unprovoked" means "without any reason" or "for no reason". This is the poet's foolish words. There are so many strings in Jinse, and there is nothing "wrong" or "fault" in this. However, the poet insisted on complaining about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? In fact, there is no need to "examine" how many strings the harp originally had, and how many strings it actually had in Li Shangyin's time. The poet just used it to express his ideas. According to records, the ancient zither has fifty strings, so when writing zither in Yuxi, the number "fifty" is often used, such as "the rain hits Xiangling fifty strings", "because of the order of fifty strings, the middle way divides the palace", which can be proved. , the poet had no special intention here.
The key to "thinking about the Chinese years with one string and one pillar" lies in the word "Hua Nian". One string and one column are like one note and one verse. The zither has fifty strings, and the syllables are the richest. The complex sounds and the rhythm are often difficult for the listener to remember. The poet never meant for people to dig out "numbers".
He said: Listening to the complicated strings of the brocade harp, thinking about the past of the Chinese years; the sounds are complicated and the thoughts are chaotic, and it is difficult to express the regret. The fifty strings set up are just to "create the atmosphere" to see the thousands of past events and the nine tunes of emotions. If you want to appreciate Yuxi's poem, you should first understand its purpose. You should not stick to the pillars and play the harp. He Zhu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Who can spend the golden years in the golden age?" ("The Sapphire Case") Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "The beautiful lady hates the golden years in the golden years!"
("On Poetry III") "Ten Poems") Hua Nian is the so-called beautiful youth in today's language. The most important "main focus" of this poem in Yuxi is the grand scene of the Chinese New Year, so the idea of ??recalling the "forty-nine years" after "the fiftieth year" is really just a roundabout way of thinking.
Now that the purpose of Qi Lian is clear, let’s see how he takes over the next step.
The first sentence of the couplet uses an allusion from "Zhuangzi", which tells the story of Zhuangzhou dreaming that he turned into a butterfly and flew vividly... forgetting that he was "Zhuangzhou". But when he woke up from the dream, he was still Zhuang Zhou, and he didn’t know where the butterfly had gone. This sentence from Yuxi is written: The beautiful lady Jinse, a complex string music, awakened the poet from his dream, and he could no longer sleep. Mi contains the meanings of getting lost, leaving, and not arriving. Let's take a look at what he said in "Evening Thoughts on an Autumn Day": "Watch the butterflies on my pillow in Hanzhuang to leave." To leave means to leave and pass away, which is what he calls the lost. Although "Dawn Dream Butterfly" originated from Zhuang Sheng, once it was used by Yuxi, it was no longer just a "lifelike" problem. It vaguely contained beautiful scenes, but it was also an illusory dream. The Wangdi in the second sentence of this couplet is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired. Unfortunately, the country was destroyed and the body died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. It cried bitterly in late spring, and the mouth bleeds. The sound was sad and sad, touching the heart, and was named cuckoo. Du Yu's cry of spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turns out that the brocade strings and mournful music arouse the poet's infinite sadness and unspeakable resentment, just like hearing the sad sound of the cuckoo sending spring home. The word "tuo" not only describes Du Yu's entrusting his spring heart to the cuckoo, but also describes the beautiful woman's entrusting her spring heart to the brocade. While waving his hands and looking away, the interest of flowers falling and flowing water, the poet's wonderful pen and strange feelings, have reached a level here. ***.
It seems that Yuxi's "Spring Heart Entrusts the Cuckoo" uses the wronged bird to express resentment, while "The Beautiful Woman's Brocade and the Beautiful Years" uses the word "resentment", which is just right. The poem about Yuxi contains a brocade poem, which is different from ordinary leisurely emotions. There is a strange feeling and deep hatred in it.
As soon as the rhythmic poem passes through the couplet, after "starting" and "carrying on", it is time to "turn" the pen. At this point, the previous text has probably reached a small pause, which seems to be a knot but not a knot. , the meaning is yet to be applied. Below this, I clicked the pen and dropped the ink, as if it was "rising" again. The writing style may be like a strange peak protruding, or like a lotus root with broken silk threads, or the brush is pushed open, or the light is slow and the dark is tight... The techniques can be different, but the spiritual context has twists and turns but is always focused. On this occasion, Yuxi wrote the famous saying "The moon in the sea has tears".
Pearls are born from clams, and clams live in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and the night is quiet, the clam opens its mouth to the moon to nourish its pearls. The pearls get the moonlight, and they begin to shine brightly... This is a beautiful folk tradition. The moon is a pearl in the sky, and the pearls are like the bright moon in the water; tears are symbolized by pearls, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, each pearl turns into a pearl, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon sets in the vast sea, and the bright pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. The moon, the pearl, and the tears, three yeses and one yes? One into three? Three equals one? In the poet's writing, a wonderful realm that is difficult to distinguish has been formed. When we read Tang Dynasty poetry, there are not many poems with such rich connotations and wonderful associations in one stroke.
So, is there any connection between Haiyue, Teardrops and Jinse that we can explore? Didn't Qian Qi's famous line of chanting Se say long ago, "Twenty-five strings play the moon at night, and all the grievances fly away"? Therefore, on a moonlit night, the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, isn't it possible to spy on the connection between the vast ocean and the moonlight realm and Se?
For the poet Yuxi, the state of the moonlight in the vast sea has special and deep feelings. Once, because of his illness, he was unable to attend the "Le Ying Zhi Jiu" meeting with He Donggong, so he wrote the sentence "Only the moon in the sea, the clouds in Chicheng under high pressure". From this point of view, he admired this scene very much for its high openness and purity, and on the other hand he was very sentimental for its desolation and loneliness: a complex and unspeakable feeling of melancholy that could not be expressed in words.
Sikong Tu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun, who preceded him: "The poet's beautiful scenery, such as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke in good jade, can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows." Here. The eight characters used in the metaphor are exactly the same as the seven characters in the next sentence of the poem's neck couplet, which shows that this metaphor has another origin. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost and it is difficult to find the source again. Today’s interpretation of this sentence has no other reference. It is difficult to say whether it is appropriate to use Dai’s words as an explanation. Lu Ji, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The mountains are brilliant with stones and jade, and the rivers are beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today. This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but not up close, so it can be seen It is impossible to look forward to it - this represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached. Here in Yuxi, it is under the inspiration and association of "the glory of Yunyu Mountain, the beauty of pearls and rivers" that the warm sun in Lantian is used to contrast with the bright moon in the sea in the previous sentence, creating an unusually sharp and strong contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to Canghai, because the original meaning of the character Cang is cyan. Yuxi's exquisite vocabulary can also show his talent and workmanship.
The two sentences of the neck couplet express the yin and yang, cold and warm, beautiful jade and pearls. Although the realms are different, the sadness and hatred are the same. The poet is admiring and persistent for this noble feeling, but he dare not blaspheme or lament.
The last couplet ties up the whole article, clearly mentioning the word "this feeling", which echoes the "Hua Nian" at the beginning, and the writing style does not escape. The poem says: With such feelings, how can I wait to recall today and feel endless regret? Even at that time, it was already so disappointing. The words "how to wait for recall" mean exactly this: Then recalling today is regretful. , so what! The poet expresses several twists and turns in two sentences, and the twists and turns are just to illustrate the painful and painful mood. This is why poetry is a poet, and this is especially why Yuxi poetry is a Yuxi poet.
Yuxi’s life experience was filled with unspeakable pain and extremely painful emotions, which were pent up in her heart and turned into poems. The deep sadness lingered back and forth, deeply affecting others. In one of his farewell poems, he said: "The letter is full of emotions, and Yang Zhu is sentimental after death; when the string is in danger, the wife's harp is in danger, and when the armor is cold, she misses her husband's zither!..." The zither is composed of music, which is often related to the deep feelings and sorrows of life and death. Meaning, one can imagine. Based on this, I feel that if there is hatred of separation between life and death in Jinse's poem, I am afraid it cannot be said to be entirely conjecture.