China and Han nationality were called "Hua" and "Xia" respectively in ancient times. "Hua" means "Rong" and "Xia" means "people from China", that is, people from the Central Plains. After the Spring and Autumn Period, it was also called Zhu Xia. The ancients regarded China as symmetrical with barbarians or descendants, and distinguished it by culture and race. In ancient times, there were many clans and tribes in China. Four or five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor in the northwest defeated Jiuli and Yan Di and entered the Central Plains. The Yellow Emperor and his descendants Yao, Shun and Yu unified and integrated many clans and tribes, such as Miao, Li, Yi and Man, and formed an alliance with them, which propagated on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. In 770 years before 2 100 BC, Xia, Shang and Zhou tribes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River lived together for a long time, and gradually formed China. There are different opinions about when the Huaxia nationality was formed, from the primitive society, the middle Shang Dynasty, the middle Western Zhou Dynasty, the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period to the middle and late Warring States Period, with an interval of one or two thousand years. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states merged with each other constantly, and the economic and cultural exchanges between regions were frequent, which strengthened the close ties between China and other ethnic groups. Some of the nationalities such as Di, Qiang, Ba, Shu, Yunnan, Bo, Pu, Miao and Yue merged into China, while others gradually developed into new nationalities through mutual assimilation. In 22 1 year BC, the Qin dynasty established a unified multi-ethnic country with Huaxia as the main body. In the Han Dynasty, the Huaxia nationality absorbed other ethnic elements continuously, and its population doubled, gradually replacing the old names of Zhu Xia and Huaxia with the Han nationality. The word "Huaxia" first appeared in Shangshu Zhou Shu Wucheng in the Zhou Dynasty, and "the arrogance of Huaxia is indispensable". "Zuo Zhuan Ding Gong Ten Years" says: "China is called Xia because of its great gifts, and Hua because of its splendid clothes". The scripture says, "The coronation ceremony is suitable for China, and the big countries call it summer". "Justice in Shangshu" notes: "zhanghua was crowned as China, and a great country called Xia". It can be seen that the ancients regarded the beauty of Hanfu as China; With broad borders, prosperous culture, prosperous civilization and morality, this is summer. In terms of meaning, the word "Hua" has a beautiful meaning, and the word "Xia" has a grand meaning. Together, it is really a beautiful word. "Huaxia" refers to the vassal nation in the Central Plains, and is also the title of Han ancestors before the Han Dynasty. It can also refer to the Han nationality, such as Ye Sheng's Diary of Water Cave, Happiness, Faith and Courage in the Ming Dynasty: "Buddha is a foreigner and suitable for immortals. If there is public participation and the hanging ceremony is unknown, it is different from China. " Yu Dafu's poem "The Inscribed Wall of Minshan Qi Jiguang Temple" says: "For 300 years, my Chinese prestige has not stopped." "Huaxia" also refers to the Central Plains of China where Chinese people live, and then it is called the ancient name of China in terms of all the territory of China. Shangshu Zhou Shu Wucheng: "China is quite arrogant, but it is useless. Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Guan Yu: "Yu Wei shocked China, and Tso proposed to move the capital to Xudu in order to avoid its sharpness. "The ancestors of the Chinese nation are the Huangdi and Yan Di families who live in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Later, the alliance of the two tribes entered the Central Plains after defeating Chiyou. The Chinese established their rule in the Central Plains. Then came the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China's history. Referred to as "summer". Xia, Hua or Huaxia, and the barbarian Rongdi are the general names of the rulers of this nation who value themselves less than others. Zhang Taiyan, a close friend of Zhang Taiyan, believes that the ancient Han people called Xia or Hua from Xiashan. Huashan is located in Shaanxi, the base of the Han nationality, but it does not conform to the national proposition. The capital of Shang and Zhou Dynasties is in today's Henan and Shaanxi, not in Xiashuiyu. Because of the name of summer water, it is untouchable and incurable, which is not the origin of the nation's self-proclaimed name. In the Han dynasty, Han people were called Han people, not Xia, Hua or Huaxia. Zhang Taiyan was also named after Hanshui River. According to the word "Han", the form of ancient Chinese means the flood in China, which is the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, not the Hanshui River. The name of the country is water, which is neither treated nor named by itself. The author thinks that Han people are called Han because Huns are eager to pronounce "Hu". The biggest dynasty is Han, and the nation is also called Han. In the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu Mao Dun Khan wrote to Emperor Xian of Han that "there is a big man in the south and a strong' Hu' in the north, and it is also the grace of heaven to be a' Hu'". Wu Huan and Xianbei of other Huns, and Biography of Wu Huan and Xianbei in the History of the Later Han Dynasty are all named after living in Wu Huan Mountain and Xianbei Mountain. I don't know that Wuhuan is the name of cleverness, and Xianbei is the name of Swiss belt, which has nothing to do with mountains. Also named the Han nationality without circumstantial evidence of mountains and rivers. (Refer to Huang Xianfan et al. Inner Mongolia has been the territory of China since Qin and Han Dynasties, journal of guangxi teachers education university19865438+February 2) Note: ① ② The First Volume of Taiyan Chubian, Jie Min Guo, ③ This sentence was quoted by Dong in the Textbook of Donghu Nationality compiled by Cangji, Bai Niao, Japan, and was checked in Historical Records and. ④ The research on Wu Huan and Xianbei in Dong Hu Kao written by Kuraji, Bai Niao. The Chinese translation of "tiger" means auspicious animal. Bird Huan means wisdom in Mongolian. China's ancestor was the Yellow Emperor. China History, the Encyclopedia of China, explains the Yellow Emperor as follows: "The earliest ancestor of China in ancient historical legends was recognized as the ancestor of the whole family after the formation of the Chinese nation. "As for the origin of the word Huaxia, some archaeologists believe that' flower' is a kind of flower, which was originally a symbol of roses in Yangshao culture in the Central Plains of China, and later formed a * * identity with the tribes marked by dragon totem at the foot of Yanshan Mountain, so there was a saying that' Huashan Rose Yanshan Dragon' evolved into' Xia, Shang, Zhou'." Xia "is known as the ancestor of Xia Dynasty in history, and the encyclopedia says that" a descendant of Huangdi family entered the southern part of Shanxi today and created Xia culture ",which is called Xia family and" established the first dynasty of Xia Dynasty in China ". At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou people joined hands with Xia people in exile, Jiang family in the system (thought as representative) and Chu people who moved south. Then it overthrew the rule of Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou people call themselves Huaxia, also known as the allies of Xia people, so they also call themselves "Huaxia" and "Xia". Later, they called the vassal states enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty "Zhu Xia" or "Zhu Hua". From about the Spring and Autumn Period, China ancient books began to use "Hua" and "Xia" together, which was called "Huaxia" clan. In the 26th year of Zuo Zhuan, Xiang Gong said that "Chu lost China". After the feudal lords fought for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, the powerful countries annexed the weak countries in the Warring States Period, and even Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, the Chinese nation was finally completely unified for the first time. After the Han Dynasty became powerful, Huaxia changed its name to Han, and Huaxia became Han.
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