It refers to Jingdezhen in Jiangxi (porcelain), Hankou in Hubei (commercial center), Foshan in Guangdong (handicraft industry) and Zhu Xian in Henan (printmaking), and is also known as the four famous towns in China. Note: The "town" here is not the same as the "town" of the current administrative division. The "town" here is a military area, which contains the meaning of "town" in the word "buffer region". Therefore, its regional area is generally much larger than the "town" of the current administrative division. For example, Jingdezhen is a municipal administrative unit and should be called "Jingdezhen City". (1) Zhuxian Town (Henan) Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng County, Henan Province, is located 20 kilometers south of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. According to legend, the Warring States is the hometown of Zhu Hai, living in Xianrenzhuang, hence the name Zhuxian Town. Zhu Haiben is a butcher. Because of his bravery, he was hired as a diner by Xin Lingjun. Later, he made great contributions in the war of retreating from Qin, saving Zhao and saving Wei. Therefore, Xin Lingjun's reputation is also inseparable from his discovery and appointment of Zhu Hai. The heyday of Zhuxian Town was in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. At that time, the town covered an area of 25 square kilometers, with a population of more than 200,000 and more than 40,000 private merchants. There are many streets and department stores in the town. Jia Luhe divides the whole town into East Town and West Town. Dongzhen is an important street in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After Qianlong, due to the flooding of the Yellow River, the town was flooded repeatedly, and Dongzhen was low-lying, so many businessmen moved from Dongzhen to Xizhen. Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures originated in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a long history. It is one of the four woodblock New Year pictures in China. Yue Fei once defeated Jin Bing here and won a great victory in Zhuxian Town. Yue Fei once had a feat of riding a hundred thousand golden soldiers and five hundred fine horses, and Jin Wushu had to sigh, "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army." (2) Jingdezhen (Jiangxi) Jingdezhen, now Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, is famous for its porcelain production. Porcelain 1400 has been produced for more than 400 years. It is the only town among the four famous towns that didn't start with water transportation. Jingdezhen has a long history and splendid culture. Located in the south of the Yangtze River, known as the "Xiongzhen in the South of the Yangtze River", it is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China and a national first-class open city. 1June, 953, the State Council approved Jingdezhen as a municipality directly under the Central Government of Jiangxi Province, which now governs one city, one county and two districts, namely leping city, Fuliang County, Zhushan District and Changjiang District, with an area of 5,256 square kilometers and a population of 654.38+0.52 million, including 500,000 urban residents. Jingdezhen is a famous porcelain capital at home and abroad, with a long history of porcelain making and profound cultural heritage. According to historical records, "Xinping smelting pottery began in the Han Dynasty", which shows that ceramics were produced as early as the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Jingdezhen in the Song Dynasty (1004), the imperial court ordered the burning of imperial porcelain here, and the bottom payment was "Jingdezhen Year System", hence the name Jingdezhen. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, emperors of all dynasties sent personnel to Jingdezhen to supervise the production of palace porcelain, set up porcelain bureaus and imperial kilns, and created countless fine ceramics, especially blue and white, pastel, exquisite and glazed porcelain. "Mao Zedong Porcelain", Shanghai "APEC" Porcelain, State Guesthouse Porcelain and various artistic ceramics are deeply loved by the world. Jingdezhen porcelain enjoys the reputation of "white as jade, thin as paper and bright as a mirror". Mr. Guo Moruo once praised Jingdezhen's splendid ceramic history and culture with the poem "China is the country of porcelain, and the peak of porcelain industry is this capital", which closely connected Jingdezhen with the world. (3) Foshan Town (Guangdong) Foshan Town is now Foshan City, Guangdong Province, located in the northern part of the Pearl River Delta, and is a famous handicraft town in the south of China. Today, it is one of the four silk weaving centers in China. Foshan, located in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, located in the upper reaches of Guangzhou and the lower reaches of Xijiang and Beijiang rivers, is the only way to reach the provincial capital by water. Geographically adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, land and water transportation extend in all directions. The ancient book records: "Gem goods are exported to the north and south, Foshan is the hub, and the business is prosperous." Prosperous commerce and trade have led to the rapid development of manufacturing industry, mainly handicrafts. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Foshan, Hankou Town in Hubei, Jingdezhen Town in Jiangxi and Zhuxian Town in Henan had become "the four famous towns in China". It has gradually developed into a commodity distribution center and a manufacturing center for metallurgy, ceramics, textiles and Chinese patent medicines in Lingnan area. Even with Beijing, Hankou and Suzhou, it is also called "the four major gatherings in the world". Prosperous commercial activities and prosperous handicraft manufacturing industry have given birth to the rapid development of Chinese medicine. (4) Hankou Town (Hubei) Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, is the first of the four famous towns. Hankou is named after its location at the mouth of the Han River. The development of Hankou began after the diversion of Hanjiang River in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and it was mainly developed into a dock and commercial town by using the water transport of Yangtze River and Hanjiang River. In ancient times, it was known as the thoroughfare of nine provinces. After the development of railway transportation, it will be transported by land and water. Because it is located in the middle of the north and south of China, it is convenient to contact other provinces and cities. In the late Qing Dynasty, Hankou was turned into a trading port according to the unequal treaties concluded between the Qing government and foreign governments. The development of Hankou has entered a new era. Foreigners invested heavily here, and five countries reopened their concessions. From upstream to downstream, it is: Hankou British Concession, Hankou Russian Concession, Hankou French Concession, Hankou German Concession and Hankou Japanese Concession. Bankrupt farmers around flooded into Hankou on a large scale. By the beginning of the 20th century, Hankou had become a large-scale city, known as "Chicago of the East".
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