The authors are Zeng Shen, Zi Si, Confucius, Mencius,
"University" is said to have been written by a disciple of Confucius. It was originally an article in the Book of Rites. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu inherited the idea of "success", so he took Daxue out of The Book of Rites and juxtaposed it with The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean, which became one of Zhu's four books when he wrote Notes to Four Books.
The Doctrine of the Mean was originally one of The Book of Rites, which was never published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. It is generally believed that its author is Zi Si, the grandson of Confucius, and Zhu was also one of the four books when he wrote Notes on Four Books and Sentences.
The Analects of Confucius actually recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Strictly speaking, the author is not Confucius.
Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students.
Generally speaking, it was Zhu who decided the names and status of the four books.
The five classics are Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Book of Rites and Chunqiu.
Zhouyi: Also known as Yijing and Yijing, it ranks first among Confucian classics. Zhouyi is a book of divination, its outer layer is mysterious and its inner philosophy is profound. The author should be an official, completed by many people.
Shangshu was called Shu in ancient times and Shangshu in Chinese. "Shang" means "Shang" and "ancient times". This book is the earliest compilation of historical documents in ancient China. Records can be traced back to the legendary Yao and Shun period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (mid-Spring and Autumn Period), about 1500 years. The basic content is the records of ancient imperial edicts and conversations between monarch and minister, so the author should be a historian. Historical Records Confucius Family said that Confucius' "Biography of Preface Book was compiled from Tang Yu to Qin Miao", which is said to be compiled by Confucius.
The Book of Songs was called The Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period, or 300 Poems, which was the first collection of poems by China. Collected 305 poems (original poems 3 1 1) from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is a collection of poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. "There are more than 3,000 poems written by the ancients, which are related to Confucius, but none of them are important ..." (Historical Records Confucius Family) is said to be compiled by Confucius. Poetry is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a folk song, "Elegance" is the official elegant music of Wang Ji in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and "Ode" is a dance music for the upper class to sacrifice to the ancestral temple. This book widely reflects all aspects of social life at that time, and is known as the encyclopedia of life in ancient society, which has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
Book of Rites: An anthology of articles by Confucian scholars explaining the Confucian classic "Yili" from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties. "The Book of Rites is only an explanation of the Book of Rites (Zhuzi genre volume 87), and it is a compilation of Confucianism. Although the Book of Rites is only a book to explain the Book of Rites, its influence is beyond the Book of Rites and the Book of Rites because of its wide coverage. There are two versions of The Book of Rites. One is edited by Dade, with 85 articles, and 40 articles have been preserved so far, which is called Da Dai Li. The other book, the Book of Rites that we are seeing now, is 49 articles selected by Dai Deqi's nephew Dai Shengxuan, and it is called The Book of Rites for Little Dai.
Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book of Lu, which records the history from Lu Yinnian (722 BC) to fourteen years (48 BC1year). This is the earliest existing chronological history book in China. The historical materials of Chunqiu are of high value, and the recorded contents are basically credible, but incomplete.
In ancient China, spring and autumn were the seasons when princes hired royalty. In addition, Spring and Autumn also represented the four seasons in ancient times. History books record all the major events that occur throughout the year, so "Spring and Autumn Period" is a general term for history books. The official name of Lu's history book is Chunqiu. In the past, people thought that Confucius revised the Spring and Autumn Annals. Now it is believed that it was written by Lu historians and has nothing to do with Confucius.
Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Annals. Chinese characters are very concise, and the record of events is also very short. At first, the original text was only 18000 words, but the existing version was only 16000 words. So the ancients wrote some works for this book, explaining and explaining the records in the book. This is the so-called "biography". According to "History of Literature and Art in Hanshu", there were ***5 biographies in the Spring and Autumn Period:
Thirty volumes of Zuo Zhuan
Ram biography (volume 1 1)
Gu Liangchuan 1 1
Zou Chuan, Volume 1 1
Biography of Jia +0 1 volume
The latter two have disappeared. Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang were written in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, using the official script prevailing at that time, which was called Jinwen. There are two kinds of Zuozhuan, one is written in ancient fonts before the pre-Qin period, called ancient prose; One was handed down by Xun Qing during the Warring States Period.
Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang are quite different from Zuozhuan. Biography of the Ram and Biography of Gu Liang are both so-called "micro-criticism", that is, trying to clarify Confucius' original intention (the author thinks that Spring and Autumn Annals was written by Confucius. ), so a lot of content is too far-fetched to stand scrutiny. Zuo Zhuan, on the other hand, focuses on historical facts and supplements and corrects the mistakes or unrecorded events in Spring and Autumn Annals. Moreover, Zuo Zhuan is also very literary, so its historical value and influence are greater than those of Gong Yang Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.