When is the embryonic stage of ingenuity development?

The development of the intelligence of the Chinese nation first went through a budding period, that is, from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Xia Dynasty. At this time, ingenuity has been widely used in practice, but it is still a little late to put forward strategies or consciously use them, especially the word ingenuity. So we usually say that this stage is the embryonic stage of ingenuity. When the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, ruled, he had already had wisdom. People not only learned to use intelligence, but also can create intelligence. According to Gu Jian's Wen Chao of Three Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties and Three Kingdoms, Huangdi and Chiyou Jiu were invincible. The Yellow Emperor belongs to Taihang Mountain, and it is foggy for three days and nights. There is a woman with a bird's head. The Yellow Emperor bowed his head and bowed, but he dared not get up. The woman said, "I am Xuan Nv. What do you want? " The Yellow Emperor said, "If you want to win every battle and have nothing to hide, where do you start?" Xuan Nv attunements, hence the tactics. Although this is a legend, it also shows that the Yellow Emperor has begun to study and use ingenuity. At the time of the Yellow Emperor, a large tribe was able to unify their thinking and keep pace. With such a large army and so many weapons, it showed that this tribe had a set of skills in governing the country. When the Yellow Emperor fought Zhuolu Chiyou, he not only learned to lure his opponent to fight on the favorable terrain, but also learned to attack in the windward direction and fight in the evening. At that time, Chiyou (the legendary monarch of Jiuli) launched a war, and the Yellow Emperor recruited tribes to wage a war against Chiyou. The Yellow Emperor knew that the Chiyou tribe had better weapons than the northern tribes, and it was difficult to resist. But they came from the south and were not familiar with the weather and terrain in the north, so he decided to take a step back, lead them to strange areas, make their lives and actions more difficult, and then take the opportunity to attack when their combat effectiveness declined. According to this idea, the Yellow Emperor first implemented a strategic retreat: after the first battle between the two armies, he took the initiative to retreat to the north. Chiyou immediately led his men to pursue. After entering the Hebei Plain, where the forest is closed to the outside world, the people in Chiyou are getting more and more difficult to move and their morale is getting lower and lower due to unfamiliar environment, uncomfortable climate, language barriers, unclear enemy situation and lack of food and grass. In northern Hebei, after a long journey, the army was exhausted and its combat effectiveness was greatly reduced. The Yellow Emperor, on the other hand, had the right time, the right place and the right people, and his strength was relatively enhanced. He led Chiyou's troops to the field of Zhuolu (Zhuolu Mountain is in the southeast of Zhuolu, Hebei Province). With the help of a sandstorm, when Chiyou's troops were at a loss, he pointed out the direction with South Locomotive and led the troops to launch a counterattack against Chiyou, defeating Chiyou in one fell swoop. These tactics and strategies can only be implemented by some clever ideas. Therefore, we believe that before the Yellow Emperor, it can be said that people used ingenuity blindly. Since the Yellow Emperor, the intelligence and wisdom of our Chinese nation have come into being.

After the Yellow Emperor became the master of the tribes in the Central Plains, he used the morale and prestige of victory to conquer all directions. "Historical Records" records: "There are people in the world who are dissatisfied, and the Yellow Emperor will levy them, and those who are flat will go." It is also recorded that at that time, the Yellow Emperor "started from the sea in the east, went to Maruyama Mountain (now Shandong Province) and Daizong (Taishan Mountain), went to Kongtong, Shangjitou (now Pingliang County, Gansu Province) in the west, went to Xiongshan Township in the south (Xiongshan is now Yiyang, Hunan Province, and Xiangshan is southwest of Yueyang), chased meat porridge in the north, and went to Busan (now northwest of Zhuolu County)." It can be seen that the prestige and scope of the Yellow Emperor at that time were great.

The Yellow Emperor has the ability to rule the country by virtue, appease the people and let the princes rule the world, and also has the military command ability to kill Zhuolu and capture Chiyou. This is beyond the reach of mediocre people without a certain level of ingenuity.

This historical fact of the Yellow Emperor is recorded in many ancient books. "Sun Tzu's Art of War March" said: "Where these four armies benefit, the Yellow Emperor is better than the Four Emperors." There are 26 works of the Yellow Emperor recorded in Han Art's history and literature. There is a record in Wei Liaozi: Liang asked Wei Liaozi: "The Yellow Emperor's' criminal morality' can win, right?" Wei Liaozi said to him, "Punish it with punishment and keep it with morality. It's not the so-called celestial official who turns his back on Yin and Yang in time. Huangdi is just a personnel problem. who is it? Today, we cannot attack from the east and west, nor from the north and south. Can anyone use it in time? However, those who can't get it, the city is high and the pool is deep, the weapons and equipment are excellent, and Gu Duo's wealth is accumulated. It's good to have a plan. If the pool at the gate is shallow and weak, take it. From this point of view, Tianguan will be indifferent for a long time ... The Yellow Emperor said,' God first ghosts, then I will learn my wisdom.' The meaning of this ancient prose is that Liang Wanghui asked Wei Liaozi, "Can the Yellow Emperor really win every battle by virtue of punishment?" Wei Liaozi replied: "Punishment is attacking the enemy, and virtue is governing the country, not celestial officials, time, yin and yang, and turning back. The Yellow Emperor only refers to people's functions. How can you see it? For example, there is a city that cannot be attacked from the east and west, nor from the north and south. Don't these four directions have time to adapt? Therefore, the reason why we can't attack is because the city wall is high, the moat is deep, the weapons are complete, the materials and food are sufficient, and the soldiers are United. If the city wall is low, the moat is shallow and the defense force is weak, it can be captured. From this point of view, the heavenly officials are not as good as people ... The Yellow Emperor said,' Go to God for ghosts first, and (better) judge your own wisdom first'. " From these records, it is enough to see that the Yellow Emperor has unique views on both using troops and governing the country, and has achieved success in practice.

The exploits and wisdom of the Yellow Emperor, as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China wrote in the Letter to the Yellow Emperor when he was in Yan 'an, sent Lin to huangling county, Shaanxi Province: "Our ancestors were brilliant, our ancestors were made in China, our ancestors worshipped cotton, our mountains and rivers were vast, we were smart and wise, and we established this great cause to make the East stand out ..." The Yellow Emperor not only unified the tribes that had been scattered for a long time, but also led the tribal people. They all laid the foundation of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation, and his superb military command ability and control level can also be called the irrefutable founder of Oriental ingenuity.

Lingshu Jing is a military book written by Hou Feng, a minister who is famous for Xuanyuan Huangdi. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was good at using troops mainly because of this book. There are more than 300 words in the book, which mainly discusses the transformation of square formation, such as: "Eight arrays after the sun, four positive and four odd." The formation transformation of phalanx: "or combine into one"; "Or divided into eight columns", that is, the end-to-end connection of the personnel carriers is changed into a circular array, and trainers (infantry) are arranged inside and outside the personnel carriers, or the personnel carriers and trainers are arranged in "eight columns" separately. In addition to the odd and positive changes in the "eight-array map" itself, there is also a kind of "odd and odd" soldiers. What are the soldiers in Yu Qi? It is a mobile unit controlled by the Lord, also called "military patrol". Its task is to "sneak attack the enemy from behind, or scare to the left or to the right", that is, to attack the enemy behind the enemy's array or attack the enemy's wings and fight the front (that is, the whole phalanx) as a surprise soldier. "Lingxiu Jing" emphasizes that no matter how to deploy or patrol the army, we should deploy according to "astronomy, climate, mountains and rivers, background and interest, and walk at any time".

Contemporary with the Yellow Emperor is Yan Di Shennong, who was born in the "Lieshan Stone Room" in Beilishan Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. His name is Kui Kun, also known as Lianshan and Lieshan. Legend has it that he grew up in (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province) and divided water in the west, so he was surnamed Jiang, a saint and a fire king, so he was called Emperor Yan. ) At that time, there were Huangdi in the north and Yan Di in the south of China, representing the Yellow River civilization and the Yangtze River civilization respectively. Their deeds are recorded in dozens of classic materials such as Shan Hai Jing, Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records, Jingzhou Ji, Hanshu and Emperor Century. In the birthplace of Emperor Yan, there are still sites, inscriptions, legends and folk sacrificial activities that are consistent with the literature records. These are all important clues to the origin of oriental ingenuity.