What calligraphers were there in Jin Dynasty?
The Jin Dynasty was an era when calligraphers came forth in large numbers. Jin people advocate "elegance" and "taste" in daily life, and pursue the beauty of neutrality and indifference in art, which can best represent the spirit of Wei and Jin Dynasties. The most influential calligrapher in the history of calligraphy is Wang Xizhi, known as the "book saint". Wang Xizhi's running script "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion" is known as "the best running script in the world", and critics say that his writing style is like floating clouds and smart. His son, Wang Xianzhi, created a "broken body" and a "stroke" with strong calligraphy style, which made great contributions in the history of calligraphy.
Other calligraphy masters include Lu Ji, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Suo Jing, Wang Dao, Xie An and Liang Jian.
The Southern Dynasties were Yang Xin, Qi, Xiao Ziyun and Chen of the Song Dynasty.
At the peak of calligraphy in Jin Dynasty, it was mainly manifested in running script, which was a font between cursive script and regular script. His representative works "Sanxi", namely "Yuan Bo Tie", "Sunshine Tie in Fast Snow" and "Mid-Autumn Festival Tie".
The most famous calligraphers in Jin Dynasty were Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, the two kings.
Wang Xizhi (303&; Mdash36 1 year, a work 32 1 year &; Mdash379), the word Shao Yi, Han nationality, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is known as the "Book Sage". Originally from Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), he moved to Huiji Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years. Successive secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat, later literature and history records, right general. His calligraphy is good at calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy. The style is peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful. The masterpiece Preface to Lanting is known as "the best running script in the world". In the history of calligraphy, he and his son Wang Xianzhi were called "two kings".
Wang Xianzhi (344&; Mdash & mdash; 386): Zi was born in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Official to the secretariat, so the world called Daling, is the seventh son of Wang Xizhi. I studied with his father when I was young, and then I followed Zhang Zhi's method. I didn't have an innovative method. I created my own style, which was as famous as my father and was called "Two Kings". His calligraphy is characterized by fine calligraphy, calligraphy, cursive script and official script, especially cursive script. His regular script is represented by the thirteen acts of Luo Shenfu, and his running script is duck head pill iron. The cursive masterpiece Mid-Autumn Post is listed as one of the "three wedding invitations" in Qing Dynasty. When commenting on his book, Maureen's fun said: "The brushwork is vigorous and sharp, and the posture makes it spicy, without any dust and shackles."
Of course, there are some
Suo Jing (Master Cao Zhang)
Xie Wan (Xie Brothers)
Yang Xin (after the sacrifice, you can go alone)
Lu Ji (ink emperor "calm" sticker)
regular script
Mrs. Wei Hengwei (Wei Jia)
One of the most famous is Wang Xizhi. Wang Xizhi (303&; Mdash36 1 year), Han nationality, with few words, was named Langya Zhai, originally from Linyi (now Shandong), and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), where he was a general of the right army and a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was honored as a "book saint" by later generations. His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. Among them, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion is highly praised by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in original works, cursive script and calligraphy.
Who was the book saint in Jin Dynasty?
Shu Sheng, Shao Yi of Wang Xizhi, was born in Linyi (now Shandong) and later moved to Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Jinting County, China, and was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, known as Shu Sheng. Worked as a secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat. Later, he was the secretariat of Huiji, who led the right general and was called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". His son, Wang Xianzhi, is also good at calligraphy, and the world is collectively known as the "two kings".
First of all, the profile of the character
After the Han Dynasty, after more than 60 years of tripartite confrontation, it entered the Jin Dynasty. Calligraphy has reached another peak. The cursive writing method of official script is called official script, which decomposes the basic structure of official script and only keeps waves, which is mainly used to write the memorial, so it is also called Zhanghui. The representative calligraphers who wrote Cao Zhang are You Shi, Huang Xiang and Suo Jing. On the basis of Cao Zhang, this kind of grass appeared again. At the same time, regular script and running script appeared It can be said that in the Jin Dynasty, seal script, official script, cursive script, running script and regular script were all available.
Wang Xizhi (303&; Mdash36 1) was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) and moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Officials to the right army generals, both civil and military, deceased people called Wang Youjun, Wang Huiji. Wang Xizhi studied Zhong You in regular script, Zhang Zhi in cursive script, Li Si and Cai Yong, and learned from others. His calligraphy is known as "the dragon leaps into the sky, the tiger lies on the phoenix", which gives people a quiet beauty, just in contrast to Zhong You's books. His calligraphy is dignified, easy to turn into fun, and his pen is boring. He completely broke through the brushwork of official script and created a beautiful and convenient style of modern calligraphy, which was respected as a "book saint" by later generations. Wang Xizhi's original works are few, and all we see are replicas. Wang Xizhi's writing style is in Kai, Xing, Cao, etc. For example, the regular script Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen cursive scripts, Running Script menstruation Post, Quick Snow Clearing Post, Funeral Post, etc. His running script Preface to Lanting Collection is the most representative.
In the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, when Wang Xizhi and Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 4/kloc-0 people were in Lanting, Shaoxing (an activity to drive away diseases and ominous), everyone drank and wrote poems, which were included in the anthology, and Xi made an impromptu preface. This is the famous Preface to Lanting. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world". According to legend, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, collected the Preface to Lanting before his death and was buried in Zhaoling after his death. What's left is just a copy of others.
Wang Xizhi's representative works include: Huang Tingjing in Regular Script, On Le Yi, Seventeen Guas in Cursive Script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Funeral, Preface to Lanting Collection, Gua for the First Month, etc. Among them, Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers of all ages and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jian is good at following the laws of Li, Cao, Kai and Xing, carefully studying the shape, imitating the shape with his heart, learning from others' strengths, preparing everything in one furnace, getting rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei Dynasties, and becoming a family of his own, which has far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, and his brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and graceful. Later generations commented: "If you float in the clouds, you will be surprised if you are agile." Dragons leap into Tianmen, tigers lie in Fengge, "Nature is natural, and God is rich in the world", and they are praised as "book saints" by later generations.
Second, the influence of later generations.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy influenced his descendants. His son is mysterious and good at cursive writing; Coagulation, as a grass official; Emblem, good cursive script; Fuck it, be good at writing; Huanzhi, good cursive script; Sacrifice is called "little sage". Huang's "On the East View and Xu Lun" says: "Wang Sizi's books, Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan, have been handed down from generation to generation, each with its own style but different body. Condense its rhyme, practice its body, emblem its potential, rejuvenate its appearance and offer its source. " Later, descendants continued, and one of Wang's calligraphy was handed down. Wu Zetian tried Wang Xizhi's book, and Wang Fangqing, the ninth great-grandson of Wang Xizhi, presented ten volumes of The Travels of Twenty-eight People to his great-grandfather and compiled Long Live the Tian Tong Post. After Wang Sengqian, Wang Ci and Zhiwang were kings in the Southern Dynasties, regular script was created. Shi Zhiyong, the seventh grandson of Xihe, was a famous calligrapher in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. The establishment of Wang Xizhi's calligrapher status has its evolution process. Calligraphers in Taishigong period of Southern Song Dynasty said in the book list: "Han, Wei, Zhong (Yi) and Zhang (Zhi) were good at beauty, and the two kings were called English at the end of Jin Dynasty." The title of the Right Army was unparalleled at that time, and Wang Xianzhi was the highest-ranking person in calligraphy during the Song and Qi Dynasties. Concentrated on learning books from his father, he was very talented and sensitive to innovation. He transferred to Zhang Zhi and created a cursive script that runs from top to bottom. He even surpassed his father and became a saint, and he was called "two kings" with his father. Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties said in On Books that "everyone in the world respects books" and that "the sea is nothing more than Mongolian Yuan and Yu Ye". What changed this situation was Liang Wudi Xiao Yan's admiration for Wang Xizhi. He ranked the book degree at that time as "Wang Xianzhi &; Mdash & mdash; Wang Xizhi & mdash; Zhong You was changed to "Zhong You mdash & mdash; Wang Xizhi & mdash; Wang Xianzhi". In "Viewing Twelve Meanings of Zhong You's Calligraphy", George W. Yanyun said: "Amethyst is not arrogant, but arrogant." "unsuccessful" or "not caught" is not as good as meaning. Xiao Yan's position makes his comments particularly attractive, so the public opinion is firm.
The first time in history to learn from Wang Xizhi was in Nanliang, and the second time was in Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong highly praised Wang Xizhi. He not only collected Wang Shu extensively, but also personally wrote a eulogy for the biography of the Book of Jin & middot Wang Xizhi, commenting on Zhong You, saying that he was "either perfect or doubtful", belittling his "calligraphy disease" and saying that other calligraphers such as Zi Yun, Wang Meng and Yan Xu were "over-praised". Comparatively speaking, Emperor Taizong thought that the right army was "perfect" and "eager to pursue, this man is just the rest. What can I say?" Since then, Wang Xizhi's supreme position in the history of calligraphy has been established and consolidated. Literati in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all stayed away from the "two kings" of Jin Zong. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Midi and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty all converted to Wang Xizhi. Although the study of steles broke the scope of calligraphy research in Qing Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's position as a calligrapher remained unshakable. Although the "Book Sage" and "Ink Emperor" are suspected of being "sanctified", the famous scholars and masters from generation to generation are convinced and admired through comparison and speculation.
?
In the history of China's calligraphy, although Wang Xizhi is known as the "sage of calligraphy", he is not regarded as a solidified icon, but only a perfect symbol of the creation of calligraphy in China culture. Things are always developing and progressing. Wang Xizhi reached the pinnacle of perfection in his time, and this "icon" will surely summon the later generations to climb the new height of calligraphy in their respective times.