Jin Yingxi (1919 ~ 1991) was born in Guangzhou. Is a controversial scholar. Former vice president and researcher of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences (Jin Yingxi's teacher Chen Yinque). He has been engaged in teaching and scientific research for a long time, and has made high academic achievements in the research of ancient history of China, modern history of China, history of workers' movement, history of Southeast Asia, history of thought and history of Hongkong. He once held academic positions: director of China Historical Society, president of Guangdong Historical Society, etc.
Chinese name: Jin Yingxi
Nationality: China
Nationality: Han
Date of birth: 1919
Occupation: Scholar
Representative works: Essays on the History of Jin Yingxi
Biography
Jin Yingxi was born in 1919. He is a "Hong Kong-born" scholar. The middle school is a famous king's college, ranking first in the Hong Kong Senior High School Examination; The university attended the University of Hong Kong, the highest institution recognized by Hong Kong people, and won the first place in the exam every year and won a scholarship. When he was in the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong, he studied under two famous scholars, Xu Dishan and Chen Yinque. Because of his excellent grades, Xu Dishan, then head of the Department of Literature and History, appreciated him very much.
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, 25-year-old Jin Yingxi returned to Guangzhou Lingnan University as the youngest lecturer.
since p>1953, he has successively served as professor and dean of Sun Yat-sen University, professor and dean of Jinan University, vice president of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, vice president of Guangdong Historical Society and the first president of Sun Yat-sen Research Association. In 1958, he criticized the teacher Chen Yinke's historical methods as "idealism" and "metaphysics" in the form of posters, which was considered as a kind of "reaction". In 1958, when he heard the rumor that Chen was criticized by the higher authorities, Jin, who was on a business trip in Beijing, immediately went home and posted a big-character poster on the campus of Sun Yat-sen University, accusing Chen Yinque of idealism and metaphysics in his historical methods, and considered it a "reaction" of his thoughts. Tang copied it down and cried and read it to Chen Yinque. Chen flew into a rage and said, "Never let Jin Yingxi into the house". From then on, Jin was engraved with the scarlet letter of "betraying his legacy". Although Jin later offered a humble apology and knelt down to beg for mercy, Chen only said faintly, "Go away, lest I mislead others." Drive him out of his legacy.
The most important academic achievement of Professor Jin Yingxi's life is in the field of ancient history of China. His thoughts and methods of studying ancient history of China were greatly influenced by his two teachers, Xu Dishan and Chen Yinke. Under the direct influence of this teacher, he paid attention to the cross-checking and textual analysis of first-hand materials, integrated the research results of history, linguistics, ethnology, culturology and other disciplines, explored the evolution and causality of history, and paid attention to discussing the characteristics of the history of neighboring ethnic groups. His research on China's law of succession to the throne is unique and broad-minded; His research on the historical role of the Great Wall is of outstanding pioneering significance. His evaluation of foreign academic achievements is still enlightening. Professor Jin Yingxi has also made great achievements in the study of modern history of China, world history and Hong Kong history, and is recognized as one of the pioneers and founders in the study of Hong Kong history.
On the 15th anniversary of Mr. Jin Yingxi's death, Guangdong People's Publishing House published three volumes of Essays on Jin Yingxi's History (Ancient History Volume; Modern history volume; World History Volume), * * * 83, words, has provided sufficient results for academic circles to study Jin Yingxi's contribution to the development of China's historiography.
people's evaluation
Jin Yingxi is famous for his "Bo" in academic circles, and his views may be different, but his erudition is praised by many people. The academic circles evaluated his scholarship as "learning both at home and abroad, learning from the past and learning from the present" and "having a broad academic vision". Zhou Yiliang, a famous historian, listed him as one of the three disciples of Chen Yinque.
Professor Dai Yi, the former president of the China Historical Society, said in his preface to A Talk about Hong Kong's Past and Present: "Ying Xi is a dignified and generous scholar, gentle and gentleman-like, and he is so conscientious and meticulous in his work; He is so cautious, diligent and persistent in his treatment of learning. He is versatile and has dabbled in all kinds of things, Chinese and foreign, ancient and modern. He has clear thinking, outstanding talent and sincere friendship, which embodies the talent and virtue of traditional China intellectuals. "
Zhao Lisheng described in "A Self-introduction to the Garden of Hedgehog" (P176-7) that after bringing order out of chaos, he held a "Historical Meeting" in Jingxi Hotel, and Jin Yingxi came to visit. "I have studied the appearance of the visitors, and they are really extraordinary in appearance. They are really talented people in the south. I thank him for his concern, but I heard that this man also died in 1992. " As a matter of fact, they had a holiday-Jin Yingxi criticized Chen Yinque in the Cultural Revolution and brought Zhao Lisheng with him to prove that the reactionaries in the world are all in cahoots. This time, I took the initiative to be polite to Zhao Lisheng. I expected to come to apologize, but "I didn't express my apology."
academic path
Jin Yingxi's academic field covers a wide range. The treatises published in the early stage of his academic career were mainly the research achievements in the field of China's ancient history. After that, he once turned to study modern history, but after the 196s, he still devoted himself to ancient history. Therefore, looking at the academic path of Mr. Jin's life, the study of ancient history is in the most important position.
Jin Yingxi's thoughts and methods of studying ancient history were greatly influenced by his two teachers, Xu Dishan and Chen Yinque. Mr. Xu Dishan is a famous historian of literature and history, who has made profound research on new literature, religious history and folklore. He taught students to seek truth in the study of history, to have the spirit of perseverance, to textual research those "remote and unknown" historical facts, and to get original opinions. Mr. Chen Yinke is a well-known expert in the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties at home and abroad. He is good at using various written historical materials at home and abroad, adopting the academic concepts and methods such as etymology, comparative study, ethnic-cultural relationship, causality, etc. which are valued by modern western scholars, and through cross-checking and interpreting historical materials, he seeks for major events with overall significance in a historical period from comparison and connection. From the autumn of 194 to the end of 1941, Mr. Chen taught at the University of Hong Kong, and Jin Yingxi was personally taught and instructed by him. He also wrote a book review on the Political History of the Tang Dynasty, which was published in the first issue of Nanfeng magazine in 1946, saying that "the whole book is full of original ideas", with special emphasis on its two good inspirations to scholars in research methods. One is that "the essence of managing history is not only the textual research of facts, but also the understanding of the relationship between facts." Facts are like loose money, and understanding is the rope that runs through loose money. " First, in order to attach importance to the application of new historical materials and study Tang Shi, Dunhuang historical materials must be used to "pre-flow". From the summary of his book reviews, we can see that we have a deep understanding of Chen's historical methods.
Jin Yingxi is gifted, hardworking and deeply rooted in literary and historical classics. Under the direct influence of this teacher-student relationship, he attaches importance to the cross-checking and textual analysis of first-hand materials, integrates the research results of history, linguistics, ethnology, culturology and other disciplines, explores the historical evolution and causal relationship, and attaches importance to exploring the historical management characteristics of the surrounding ethnic history. In 1947, he published a Preliminary Study on the Law of China's Succession to the Throne (published in the Social Journal of Lingnan University, No.2, 1947), that is, based on a large number of historical facts, he demonstrated that the invasion of foreign cultures had a great influence on the development of China's succession to the throne. Later, Sun Quan's Dispatch to Liaodong (1946) and The Rise of Tubo (1947) were successively written, which also had a macro perspective to explore the relationship between neighboring ethnic groups and the historical development of the Central Plains. They chose novel topics with great academic value with keen eyes, made in-depth discussions at different levels, and explored them in many ways in historical materials, revealing the subtle and subtle, and found what their predecessors had not done.
After the founding of New China, Jin Yingxi consciously studied and applied Marxism to guide historical research, which brought his academic research to a new level. This is reflected not only in his achievements in the field of China workers' movement history, but also in the field of ancient history. He tried to creatively apply the basic principles of historical materialism, and made an investigation on the interrelation, promotion and mutual restriction of social economy, politics, nationality and culture, so as to explore the profound regularity of China's historical development and put forward new research topics with important academic value. Jin Yingxi clearly stated the guiding ideology of combining the basic principles of historical materialism with China's historical reality and engaging in creative research. He said: "The feudal society in China has experienced long-term changes and development, and its historical records are vast and colorful." Only by "studying history from the viewpoint of historical materialism, summing up historical experience, exploring the law of historical development and seeking the true meaning of history" can we "deepen our understanding of the historical evolution of ancient China society and help us grasp the historical research as a whole". He has explored and expounded some important historical theoretical issues.
Study on the Internal Staging of China Feudal Society
He was one of the early scholars who expounded the theoretical problem of internal staging of China Feudal Society. As early as 1959, he wrote a paper on the Internal Staging of China Feudal Society, which was published in the fourth issue of Theory and Practice that year, and proposed that the feudal society in China for more than 2, years could be divided into four stages from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Opium War. After that, he continued to think about it, especially during the period from 1975 to 1978, when he was in charge of editing A Concise General History of China, he made some adjustments after participating in the compilation work, and formed the following four paragraphs or two periods of four paragraphs: "I think the feudal society in China can be divided into four paragraphs: the first paragraph, from Qin Dynasty to Western Han Dynasty; The second paragraph, from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty; The third paragraph, from the Five Dynasties to the middle of Ming Dynasty; The fourth paragraph, from the middle of Ming Dynasty to before the Opium War in Qing Dynasty. In general, we can consider the division of the above four paragraphs from the changes in production relations, ownership of means of production (land) and class struggle. " The four-stage division method generally reflects the history of the rise, development, decline and decline of feudal society.
research on the historical role of the great wall
great wall
Jin Yingxi's research on the historical role of the great wall is a new topic with pioneering significance. The article "The Ancient Great Wall of China as a Military Defense Line and a Cultural Convergence Line" was a paper submitted by him in 1985 as a member of the delegation of China historians to attend the 16th International Conference on Historical Science, and its achievements attracted the attention of academic circles. He pointed out: "In fact, the national policies of the Central Plains dynasties and their relations with the nomadic people in the north are not the same, so they also attach different importance to the construction of the Great Wall. Even in the same dynasty, there are often changes before and after. " When the Han and Tang Dynasties were founded at the beginning, they were seriously threatened by Xiongnu or Turkic respectively because their national strength was not yet enriched, so they had to adopt the policy of pro-relationship and devote themselves to building cities and digging trenches to strengthen their defense. Later, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Taizong were in power, their national strength was strong and they defeated the enemy with Qiang Bing. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, because the Mongolian nobles had just been driven to Mobei, their strength was weak. Although the Ming Dynasty also built important passes such as Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan, it was not necessary to build the entire Great Wall. In the 1 years after the second half of the 15th century, the strength of the Mongols has been greatly restored, but in the Ming Dynasty, the social economy began to decline, the internal affairs were not repaired, and the soldiers had no fighting spirit. At this time, they had to rely mainly on the construction of the Great Wall to defend themselves. (China literati often lack real military literacy, so they often come to some conclusions that violate military reality.)
Through analysis, Jin Yingxi came to the conclusion that it is totally inconsistent with historical facts to regard the convergence line function and obstacle function of the Great Wall as a pair of absolutely opposing and mutually exclusive concepts. "On the contrary, they can be combined. In the Han and Ming dynasties, the Great Wall, as a military defense line to stop the northern nomads from invading the agricultural settlement areas in the Central Plains (inland), once played an obstacle role in different degrees. At the same time, however, due to the requirements of economic life, the people of the Central Plains (inland) and nomadic people always conduct private trade inside and outside the Great Wall, even though it was strictly prohibited by the Central Plains Dynasty, so the Great Wall has the function of economic and cultural convergence. The two functions exist at the same time, and which one is dominant depends on the specific political struggle situation. "
under the guidance of historical materialism, Jin Yingxi consciously put the rich historical materials in the interaction of economic development, political measures, military strategy, ethnic relations and social conditions in various periods, and made a dialectical and realistic analysis, so as to obtain the proof that "the military defense function of the ancient Great Wall should be combined with the economic and political state of each era to make a concrete evaluation" and "it is not only a military defense line, but also a cultural convergence line". In 1986, Jin Yingxi also wrote the article "Military Value of the Great Wall in Ancient History", focusing on military history, which was a further expansion of his Great Wall research topic.
Hobbies
Chess
Jin Yingxi was a famous chess fan when he was studying at the University of Hong Kong (1938-1941). There is an interesting story about his fascination with chess and his loss of the opportunity to study abroad. Jin Yingxi is slovenly and often plays chess with professional chess players who are "playing chess" on the street. Once he got so confused that he forgot the time to go back to school. He was boarding, and when he returned to school, it was already late at night, and the door of the dormitory was closed. He casually found a place to lie down on campus, but he didn't expect it to be in front of a foreign professor's apartment. The next morning, Professor Yang came out. If he hadn't found it early, he almost kicked him, and the professor was very unhappy. Originally, he was the first in the annual examination at HKU, and he should be eligible to study in Britain by the school according to the regulations. Because of the professor's opposition, he gave up.
Poetry
In 1958, someone asked Jin Yingxi how many Tang poems he knew, and Jin replied,' About 2,'. No one questioned the truth of the answer. (Lu Jiandong, The Last Twenty Years of Chen Yinque, Sanlian Bookstore, published in 1995. Because every time a student asks about the source of his Tang poems, he can read the whole poem and explain its unique classics, which is praised as "it is especially rare to know how to remember." Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, he seems to particularly like Li Shangyin's poems.
In terms of poetry, Jin Yingxi is treated equally by ancient people and modern people. As long as it is a good poem, he loves it. He can recite almost all the poems of Lu Xun and Yu Dafu. There are also poems by his teacher Chen Yinque, who is not only familiar with reciting.
Liang Yusheng said: "Every time a student (including Liang Yusheng himself) comes to ask the source of a poem by Jin Yingxi, he can read the whole poem and explain its idiosyncrasies. But Jin Yingxi can recite so many poems, but he has never seen his poems. "
Major works
Foreign language monographs "Outline of Ancient History of China" and "Foreign Studies on Ancient History of China"; On "Two Uprising of Cambodian People Against Vietnam Invasion in the First Half of 19th Century", etc. Participate in the translation of A Brief History of Australia and History of Southeast Asia; Editor-in-chief of History of the Philippines, etc. Participated in writing and compiling a number of works. In addition, he also published a number of academic papers such as The Rise of Tubo, A Biography of Mr. Chen Yinque, The Shanghai Workers' Movement from April 12th to September 18th, On the Six Teachers' Philosophy in Ancient India, and On the Historical Process of Hong Kong's Economic Development.
Other related
Former vice president and researcher of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences. Guangzhou people (1919 ~ 1991).
Comrade Jin Yingxi has been engaged in teaching and scientific research for a long time, and has made high academic achievements in the research of ancient history of China, modern history of China, history of workers' movement, history of Southeast Asia, history of thoughts, history of Hongkong and other fields. His main works are: An Outline of China's Ancient History, and Foreign Studies on China's Ancient History; On "Two Uprising of Cambodian People Against Vietnam Invasion in the First Half of 19th Century", etc. Participate in the translation of A Brief History of Australia and History of Southeast Asia; owner