According to "Historical Records", the whole story of An Baili Rebellion. Northeast Sichuan in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, five of the eight main forces that shocked the Anbaili Rebel Army in the Qing Dynasty were produced in the southern foot of Bashan Mountain. Dazhou is a "green rebel", which broke out in Tingzi Town, Daxian County. Taiping Village and Tingzi Town in Daxian County are as close as lips and teeth, and a Yueming River flows slowly. More than 200 years ago, this village was surrounded by dozens of places. The villagers believe that there are gods haunting the mountain.
Xu Tiande, a famous leader of An Baili School in East Sichuan in Qing Dynasty, was a native of Guantianba Village, Tingzi Town, Zhaixia County. When he was young, he went hunting in the mountains with his father Xu Wen. He practiced kung fu, was generous to vegetables and wealth, and was kind to others. He was hired as a fast-catching leader by Dai, the governor of Dazhou, in order to "catch up with the teaching plan" with his martial arts. Xu Tiande, who has secretly joined Anbaili Sect, took the opportunity to launch an uprising. On September 15th, the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he held high the banner of righteousness for the first time and organized an Anbailian uprising in Tingzipu at the foot of Taipingzhai Mountain. (The main altar is located in Taiping Village)
Walking up a steep stone staircase at the East Gate, on the smooth stone wall about 10 meters away from Zhaimen, there is a very dark handwriting: Xu Tiande is a traitor and should be punished. Although no writing time was left, we can imagine the bloody scene of Jiaqing clique exterminating religious figures in An Baili in Taiping Village, which can be traced back to Taiping Village and An Baili Uprising in East Sichuan. On the second day after the uprising led by Xu (1September 796 17), the religious leaders of Donglin River in dongxiang county (now Xuanhan) also launched an uprising, and on the 20th, the county also launched an uprising. The insurgents in the three counties were very close. Under the command of Xu Tiande, the uprising quickly spread to the southern foot of Bashan Mountain. The imperial court was very alarmed and sent troops to destroy it. Xu Tiande and other insurgents relied on Taiping Village, but the officers and men failed several times in encirclement and suppression. So he led the rebels down the mountain, fought in dozens of areas and fought with the Qing army for ten years. According to the records of Daxianzhi published in the Republic of China, Dazhou was promoted to a mansion in the sixth year of Jiaqing (1803), which was inscribed in Chengtou by Emperor Jiaqing. It means that Xu Tiande, the founder of Anbaili religion in Dazhou, was completely annihilated, and Dazhou has settled down.
Taiping Village: Scenery in Historic Sites
At the top of the village north, Wenchang Palace used to be the former site of Taipingzhai Primary School. A wall about 7 meters high and 22 meters wide, mottled stone gray, stands firmly. Open the dilapidated wooden door, and in the quiet yard, the grass is sad, and a green osmanthus tree is lush and fragrant; There are classrooms with blue brick and wood structures on both sides. Under the low and gloomy doors and windows, the stones are full of clearly visible words. The wooden frame house with a front height of about 6.5 meters is painted with yellow pigment between the stigma and the fan, which is simple and elegant. The trace of the shrine in the middle of the wooden wall is faintly discernible; On the crossbar between the rows of fans, the vague handwriting is the date when the main house was built, and the grain was thrown red.
Wandering in the razed playground, take a closer look at this incense burning hall built of stones around. The stones are chiseled with lines, the lines are exquisite and smooth, and various patterns are engraved, with blue bricks between them (presumably poured in the late Qing Dynasty). According to local people, in the early 1930s, a Mr. Li came from afar. He was stayed by Jia Ran, a local rich man, who taught in a private school for nearly ten years. After going down the mountain, it is said that he went to Taiwan Province Province. In the early days of liberation, the school was built for the children of Zhazhai and Zhazhai teams to go to school nearby. By the end of 1970s, some people in Zhazhai gradually went down the mountain to choose their place of residence, and all the children went to the village to study, so the school had to be ordered to close.
Not far from Wenchang Palace ruins, a three-in-one courtyard is made of wood except for the side walls of the main room on both sides. The other faces are made of stone strips, and the arched stone gate made of stone strips is fine, neat and bright. The dragon and phoenix figures made of black tiles on the back of the house are auspicious, and it is not difficult to see the identity and status of the owner from the traces left. Eleven stone steps about 3 meters from the basement to the main hall are all intact and not bonded. Exquisite stone carvings and exquisite craftsmanship, especially the convex patterns of square holes, can be traced back to the cultural background of the Song Dynasty. Judging from some courtyards in Zhaishang, more than 30 houses are primitive, with neither a modern building nor aluminum alloy glass windows sandwiched between walls. Most of them keep their original appearance, and the broken traces of wooden windows on wooden columns and walls are very strong. Even the scrawny earth dam has never changed a slate, and mottled cracks are exposed.
Along a path, I dug out pieces of stones covered with weeds and stood in a ravine, faintly visible as a circular pit. This place is a mass grave for Catholics in Jiaqing. The old man led the way and dug up several stones in the shape of the head of the slaughtered man. Although the traces were bleak, the sound of broadsword and bloody beheading were rolling in his heart. About 200 meters away from it, a slate of about 200 square meters suddenly appeared in front of you, flat and clean. For more than 30 years from the beginning of last century to the end of 1980s, Dashiban was an important place to hold some activities in the village. It is said that when the Red Army was stationed in the mountains, it often conducted training, held meetings or held cultural and recreational activities here.
Taiping village: the noise and prosperity in the chaos of the external world
Taiping Village has a dangerous terrain, unique location, avoiding chaos and hiding, and adequate food and clothing. All the local people in and under the village say so.
The 75-year-old man surnamed Ran talked about the anecdote of his ancestors: the surname of Ran on this mountain is the Wang nationality in the whole cottage. He grew up here, made a living by farming, and gradually became a rich man in the village. Later, someone was an official outside, and he was the "village owner" of this cottage for generations, holding the cottage. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China that the reputation of Taiping Village spread throughout eastern Sichuan. It has become a safe place to avoid bandits, wealth, debts and disasters. Many rich and evil gentry from other places defected with their belongings. It is far from Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Wanxian and Guang 'an, and close to Jiang, Xuanhan, Wanyuan and Tongjiang. Speaking happily, the old man surnamed Ran quickly recited a couplet left by a tourist named Landreu engraved on the stone cliff in the south gate: "Taiping, Qiaochuan and Chuandong are two worlds." Lohan lies in the Buddha, in the middle of Shu, and the sky is accompanied by mountains and rivers. Later, he added a poem: Taiping stands alone on a pottery pier in the sky, the city is closed and the city is narrow, and the interesting stories of Shaw History, a famous scenic spot, are heard with laughter.
In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), the commercial exchanges between villages flourished, selling salt, rice, meat, coal and selling groceries. The hut is very lively. On the left side of a relatively complete old courtyard about 200 meters away from the south gate, there used to be a beautifully renovated house with three rooms on the first floor and one bottom, which is called "public housing" (including teahouse, restaurant, tobacco house and hotel). Although it was demolished long ago, the foundation of the house built in those years can still be seen from both sides of the ruins. Walking through a narrow green slate that used to be a small street and stepping on a wide dirt road is the only way to go straight to the Three Temples. At that time, the eyes flirted with each other, and the lively scenes of cups and lamps gradually became clear. Since then, the cottage has become more and more open, and all activities on the cottage are no less than those in the town below. Dozens of people around have started the business of mountain people, and many guests have stayed or stayed for a while. In order to make a lot of money, the patriarch of the Ran family in the village opened the city gate wide, and all kinds of people, such as third-rate and Jiujiao, refused, charging security protection fees and land fees crazily. The cottage was full of excitement. I heard that at that time, pigs were killed every day in the small streets of public houses, and all the meat was bought clean. 1In the early winter of 934, the Red Army went to Taiping Village and defeated a group of bullies and squires hiding in the village. Since then, the village has gradually returned to calm.
Taiping village: colorful ten bays, nine beams and eight views.
Hidden in the scenery of Taiping Village, the little-known scenery is both concrete and abstract, just like colorful jewels embedded in the village. Under the guidance of an old man, I carefully inspected ten bays: Di (dia in dialect) Bay, Doudi Bay, Jia Wei Bay, Shangcuo Bay, Zitong Bay, Dawan Bay, Menkou Bay, Qujia Bay and Palm Tree Bay. Nine beams: gray beam, tile beam, female beam, I-beam, yellow mud beam, ancient gong beam, stockade beam and roof truss beam. Eight Scenes: Taiping Village is like a boat, and Xuanzheng Hall has a spirit tablet; The water in the horse washing pool is uneven, and smoke comes out of the swallow's mouth; Looking at the stars from Longkou, the big weir can shine for half a month, the stone man looks at the volcano, and the Buddha sits on the cliff.
Taipingzhai: The largest reclining Buddha in eastern Sichuan appears in the mountains.
Taiping Village is surrounded by two cliffs, surrounded by two giant Buddha statues, about 400 meters away, between two rocks next to the North Gate and the East Gate (Shengli Gate). The reclining Buddha on the right is about 25 meters long and 8 meters high. The Maitreya Buddha on the left is about 8 meters high and 8 meters wide, each with its own merits. Lying Buddha is noble and noble, sleeping peacefully; Maitreya Buddha has a charming smile and luxurious temperament. These two Buddha statues can be clearly seen from dozens of miles away.
The two Buddha statues are based on stone walls and are carefully carved. It is said that these two Buddha statues existed some years ago, with a width of less than 3 meters. No one knows when they were carved. During the uprising of An Baili in eastern Sichuan, incense flourished here. Xu Tiande and Xu's father, who lived not far from the foot of the mountain, secretly joined the church and the church was restored. This is just a "dressing-up" to publicize An Baili, gather the congregation in front of the Buddha, teach and recite the classics of Ambry, and strengthen the faith of An Baili. After being discovered and exposed by the local squire, the government sent troops to destroy it. Until the White Lotus Society in East Sichuan declared * * * *, the reclining Buddha became more and more dilapidated, and no one mentioned the restoration again.
The giant reclining Buddha and Maitreya Buddha sitting solemnly on the cliffs in the east and north of Eryan in Taiping Village are covered with ancient legends and are precipitated with anecdotes. As an old man in Li Dehua who spent 330,000 yuan on expansion, he taught private schools in stockade, and now he lives in Taiwan Province. Why is he so enthusiastic about investing? The author learned from the population of Zhou Lao that he was also entrusted by his late father to get the last wish of his late father's good friend to help Li Lao to finish his life and rebuild two Buddha statues. At the beginning of 2003, the old man Zhou received a letter from the old man and began to repair it. After four years of careful conception and polishing, it was finally completed recently. On the side of the reclining Buddha, there is a handwriting of Li Dehua, an old man from Taiwan Province. Along the thorns between steep cliffs, 80 ink prints of ten Yusheng tourists from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei are engraved on the stone wall about 550 meters. Some brushwork is vigorous, and some are both rigid and soft. Poems, words, songs, poems and other forms are diverse and rich in genre. In addition, eight Chinese characters (about 3 meters high) carved on the steep cliff are particularly bright and conspicuous.
Known as "Huashan Road", Desheng East Gate (dialect reaches) has about 800 stone steps leading directly to the mountain gate, and an ancient grave archway stands more than 400 meters halfway up the mountain. Magnificent and solemn. Look at the tombstone, which was built in 45 years of Qianlong (1679). I don't know the name of the grave owner. My hometown is Taiping Village. It is said that this man is a foreign official. After he died of illness, his descendants had to travel all the way back to their hometown for burial. When everyone carried the coffin halfway up the mountain, the stick suddenly broke and the coffin that landed was surrounded by yellow ants. In desperation, we had to bury it on the spot. From the description and construction technology analysis, it can be proved that the incense in the cottage thrives smoothly and the whole family thrives. It once had a glory of not less than 1000 years, which was connected with the largest population of Ran in the cottage. Although it cannot be proved that "during the Jingkang period of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zhou moved to the east of the city to guard the city mountain." But what is certain is that this generation of people who are far away from the city and have unique landforms and topographical environment have lived in the cottage for a long time and lived a "peaceful" life.
Sweeping away the dark clouds of history, the historical records of moving to Taiping Village in Dazhou show that since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dazhou has a complex and vast territory, and now there are records of establishing official offices in many towns and villages in China. It is reasonable to speculate that this place was once chosen as an ancient official official.
Taipingzhai: There are many traces of relocation in Dazhou.
According to the Records of Li Zhi's Dazhou, Taipingzhai (Hancheng Mountain) is located 50 miles east and west of the state, surrounded by the Rocky Mountains, and returns to the city in 18 steps in nine miles a week. Moved to this mountain before Song Dynasty. The records of Daxian County in the Republic of China can be traced: as the old saying goes, Daxian County was once a tucheng. During the Song and Jingkang Dynasties, did you move to the state to rule the city and guard the East Wulishan Mountain? .
However, in the further reference to the dating, the doubts are as follows: First, during the Song Jingkang period, nomadic people had not yet entered Sichuan, and more than a dozen States in Sichuan moved to rule, mostly when Mongolian soldiers went south to Sichuan. Why did Dazhou move to Taipingzhai to build a city and set up a yamen before other States? 2. A.D. 1243, based on the time when Hechuan moved to the fishing town, the so-called Xuanhe Jingkang period in the chronicle was A.D. 1 126. According to the records of Daxian County, in the second year of Song Duanping (1235), Mongolian troops swept through Dazhou. The interval between them is about 100 years. Did the Mongolian soldiers move to Taipingzhai (Hancheng Mountain) in Dazhou before the next century?
There are three high plains in the village. Wenchang Palace, Guandi Temple and Xuanzu Temple built in those years are all gone, but the majestic traces and residual traces of the three temples are faintly visible. A clue can be seen from the razed Shi Zhuan. The statue of Xuanzu, which still exists in the original site, has been damaged and welded again. Wenchang Palace is now the former site of Taipingzhai Primary School, and two stone lions on the former site of Guandi Temple are sitting here intact. The remains of a large stone mill now placed in front of Guandi Temple, with a diameter of about 5 meters, can be considered as the cottage that supported a large population. The three temples are closely related. Why are they independent? According to the feudal theory, the three gods can't stand hand in hand, because Michelle Ye represents the ruling class, and Xuanzu Temple in the middle can prove that this place was once the official building place.
In the hut in early winter, after noon, the fog was punctured by the sun and permeated the whole hut. The author came to a place called Yasi. According to the old man named Ran, this place may be the location of the State Council. Take a closer look at the surrounding environment. Pieces of land are piled up one after another, unlike the land where a lawsuit is filed. It may have been a long time ago, and it is said to be wrong. It is about130m away from the legendary the State Council, which is about a bite long.
At present, seven old wells in the village have never dried up. It is said that the largest pond horse washing pool has been used as a hydraulic station. There is no problem that there is enough water to feed about 3000 people. Judging from the stones piled up in this pond and the stones built around it, it is possible that only the government will pay for reinforcement and protection at any cost. Therefore, it should be very cautious to speculate on the location of state officials in those days. Considering that the places where many officers and men are to be placed are mainly based on water, backed by rich and fertile fields, hoarding grain and grass, supporting officers and soldiers, bathing military horses and other corresponding problems, it should prove the taboo of ancient bureaucrats: not suffering from food shortage, but suffering from water shortage. In the early 1960s, during the period of "breaking the capitalism", a farmer named Ran dug up a large number of scattered square-hole copper coins from the cornerstone of Xuanzu Temple. The copper coin is about two centimeters in diameter, and the words "Chongning" are cast on it (Chongning is the title of Song Dui), and the word marks are clearly visible. The discovery of these dated coins can not be used as a basis to uncover the rule of this village, but it is enough to explain the name of "Hancheng Village" and has nothing to do with it. Compared with the original pronunciation of "Hanchengzhai", the slip of the tongue passed down from generation to generation is even more unfounded if it is traced back to the Han Dynasty. If the time is pushed back to the Tang Dynasty, there is a tomb of Li Jing at Lijing Cliff (now Kaijiang Huilong) in Dadoushan, Changsha County in the historical period, which is about 40 miles away from Taiping Village. There is no statement during the inspection.
This village is remote, unique, quiet in the mountains, without war damage, and the local people are self-sufficient and carefree. According to legend, the explanation given by the old man in Zhaishang is that Zhaishang has been a place where local Han people live for thousands of years. With this rich and dangerous place, the ancestors can completely resist the aggression of ethnic minorities, and the people in this village have not been harmed by filling lakes and rivers. It is not so important to stand on the top of the mountain, look around the mountains and rivers, listen to the songs of the Millennium through the wind and smoke of history, lift the veil layer by layer, and let Taiping Village show its true colors.
Overlooking the distant mountain, the setting sun filled the hut and went down a tractor-ploughed path, and the antique of the hut gradually turned into a calm mood. (Author: Yang Jianhua)