Taoism not only divides the universe into 36 layers of heaven and endless space, but also describes in detail the space connected with the earth space, which is a paradise. The so-called blessed land mainly refers to the Taoist holy land within the sky. It covers caves, blessed land, Jingzhi, Shuifu, Shenshan and islands. Specifically, there are ten caves, thirty-six small caves, seventy-two blessed lands, eighteen water houses, five sea blasphemies, twenty-four lands, thirty-six land crystals and ten continents and three islands, which are endless emptiness. The theory of heaven and earth is an important part of Taoist cosmology. Its basic connotation can be interpreted in modern language as follows: in the space centered on the universe in which we human beings live (the so-called "big heaven"), there are 36 relatively isolated life worlds (that is, 10 caves and 36 caves) and 72 special areas (that is, 72 blessed places). The entrances of these caves are mostly located in or between the famous mountains and small mountains in China, which are connected with heaven and form a special world. There are fairies or recluses among them. According to the Taoist explanation, the world of heaven and earth is similar to the world we live in, and it also has its own natural elements such as heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountains and rivers, vegetation and so on. Because caves are located in the space of the big world, they have various connections with our world (for example, the world sometimes strays into caves, and cave residents sometimes visit the world). At the same time, due to their relative isolation, the world of heaven and earth has its own unique space-time structure. Generally speaking, the cave world is not open to the outside world, and their existence is very secretive. Functionally, except for a few secluded caves, caves and blessed land can be regarded as a training place for Taoist priests before reaching the ultimate goal of liberation; From the origin point of view, the emergence and formation of Taoism's "unique" theory should be closely related to the mountain living habits of China's ancient ancestors in the early historical period and early civilization period. In this regard, we can understand that "stone chambers" and "caves" used to be the basic living places of monks in the pre-Taoist period and early Taoist period. From the perspective of cosmology and ontology, the Taoist theory of "Heaven and Earth Blessing" embodies the unique perspective of Taoist on heaven, earth, people and things, and the implied views of heaven, earth, people and things are meaningful and thought-provoking. It is different from our usual views on existence, non-existence, nothingness and entity, but explains the existing forms of heaven, earth, people and things in the context of an interlocking theory of cosmic composition. This is intrinsically consistent with the Taoism. There are many ancient books in China that discuss the land of heaven and earth, among which the orthodox Taoist scriptures are the most collected. The best explanation of the concept of cave can be found in the early classic Biography of Ziyang. The cloud says, "The sky is meaningless, the mountains are meaningless, and people are meaningless. The mountainside is called Dongting; The emptiness in my head is called the bridal chamber. It is based on the fact that real people are in the mountains and people are in the mountains, and Penglai Mountain includes Liuhe, which is accommodated by Su. Heaven and earth cannot carry it. " According to this solution, "cave heaven" has two meanings: wide and narrow. Cave dwellings in a broad sense include sky (no sky), cave (no mountain) and cave house (short). This explanation clearly shows the Taoist view of the universe: the universe is composed of multiple layers of space, and time and space in the universe are relative, with and without, with and without, with and without, and with and without. The first is the cave in Wuwangshan, named "Small and Clear Sky". In Wuwang County (now between Yuanqu in Shanxi, Yangcheng in Henan and Jiyuan);
Second, Yu Wei Cave, named "Tomorrow is Free" ("Empty" and "Empty"). In Huangyan County (now Zhejiang);
Third, Xicheng Cave is called "Too mysterious is always true". Unknown, Tao Hongjing's "Yin Zhen" is suspected to be at the end of Taiyi Mountain, and Du Guangting Cloud is in Zhou Shu;
Fourthly, the Xixuan Cave is called "San Xuan is very real". I have no idea where it is. Du Guangting Cloud is in Jinzhou;
Fifth, Qingcheng Mountain Cave, numbered as "Bao Xian Jiu Shi Tian". In Qingcheng County (now Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province);
Sixth, Chicheng Cave, named "Jade Mountain and Qingping Mountain" (the map of Tiandi Palace House is called "Jade Cave on Clear Water"). In Tangxing County (now Tiantai, Zhejiang);
Seventh, the cave in Luofu Mountain is called "Zhu is a real paradise" ("Yao", the word "Hui"). In Boluo County (now Guangdong);
Eighth, the winding cave is called "Huayang Day in Jintan". The junction of jurong city and Jintan (now Jiangsu); Tie the green knife altar and live with Maoshan Zongbenshan;
Ninth, Linwu Cave is called "the left god is secluded" ("Heaven and Earth Palace Map" is called "the dragon god is secluded"). At the mouth of Dongting Lake, and Du Guangting is said to be in Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Jiangsu);
Tenth, the vast Cangshan Cave is called "Chengde Hidden Heaven". In Lean County (now Xianju, Zhejiang). The main peak is in Linhai County). Brief introduction of thirty-six caves
Thirty-six small caves are relative to ten big caves.
Thirty-six small caves in the map of heaven and earth palace
"Thirty-six caves are among the famous mountains, and they are also ruled by immortals." The Preface to the Famous Mountains in Du Yue, a land blessed with caves, quoted the Jade Classic of Guishan, saying that the thirty-six caves "have palaces, moons, stars, immortals, masters, blessings, life and death, and records the truth of Gao Zhen and the immortal king." The word "36 caves" first appeared in Taoist books of Shangqing School in Eastern Jin Dynasty. Gao Zhen's Book of Gathering Gods says, "There are thirty-six holes in the sky and underground." According to Taoist books,
Thirty-six cave types
First, Huotong Cave, named "Huolin Cave". In Changxi County, Fuzhou (now Xiapu County, Fujian Province);
Second, Mount Tai Cave in Dongyue is called "Pengxuan Cave". In Ganfeng County, Yanzhou (now Tai 'an City, Shandong Province), since the Han Dynasty, it has been considered as a place to test the ghosts and gods.
Thirdly, Hengshan Cave in Nanyue is called Zhuling Cave. In Hengshan County, Hengzhou (now Hunan), the Record of True Immortals in the early Yuan Dynasty said that Chi Di Zhu Rong ruled Huoheng Mountain. Mrs Wei (Wei) ruled Nanyue. According to Anhui Huoshan, the ancient name Hengshan belongs to Tianzhu Mountain. This is what the so-called "Huo Heng Zheng Yue" in Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter refers to.
Fourthly, Xiyue Flower Cave is called "Total Fairy Cave", also known as "Extremely True Cave". In Huayin County, Huazhou (now Shaanxi);
Fifthly, the Changshan Cave in Beiyue is called "the total mysterious cave". In Quyang County, Hengzhou (now Hebei), it was changed to Hunyuan, Shanxi after the Ming and Qing Dynasties;
Sixth, Zhongyue Songshan Cave is called "Sima Dongtian". In Dengfeng County (now Henan);
Seventh, Mount Emei Cave, named "Xu Lingdong". In Emei County, Jiazhou (now Emei Mountain, Sichuan);
Eighth, Lushan Cave is called "the cave spirit is really heaven". In Dean County, Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi);
Ninth, the Siming Mountain Cave is called "Danshan Chishui Sky". Shangyu County, Yuezhou (now Zhejiang). The mountain is in the southwest of Ningbo);
Tenth, Huijidong, named "extremely mysterious Dayuantian". Jinghu Lake in Shanyin County, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), or Yangping Mountain in Shu County;
Eleventh, Taibai Cave, named "Xuande Cave". In Chang 'an County, Jingzhao Prefecture (actually in Zhouzhi, Meixian and Taibai counties of Shaanxi Province);
The twelfth floor, West Cave, is named "Tianzhu Baotian". In Nanchang County, Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi);
Thirteenth, Xiao Wei Cave, named "Good Life and Mystery". In Liling County, Chenzhou (now Hunan). According to the Xiaoweishan Cave, build a Dawei Mountain;
The 14th time, he sneaked into the cave and named it "Tian Xuan of Tianzhu Temple". In Huaining County, Zhou Shu (Jinji, now Anhui Buried Hill);
Fifthly, Guigu Cave, named "Tian Zhen Guixuan Temple". In Guixi County, Xinzhou (now Jiangxi), it was passed down as an alchemist in Zhang Ling;
Sixteenth, Wuyishan Cave is called "Zhensheng Metaphysics". Jianyang County, Jianzhou (now Chong 'an, Fujian, Jin Jianyang County and Chong 'anchang, Nantang);
Seventeenth, in the human cave, named "too mysterious and too happy." In Yongxin County, Jizhou (now Jiangxi);
The 18th, Gai Hua Cave, is called "Rongcheng Great Jade Field". Zhou Hui forty miles, in Yongjia County, Wenzhou (now Wenzhou City), accordingly, it has the same name as Gaihua Mountain in Jiangxi;
Nineteenth, Gaizhu Cave, named "Dragon Waist and Bright Sky". In Huangyan County, Taizhou (now Zhejiang);
Twentieth, the cave in Jiaodu Mountain was named "Baoxuan Cave". In Puning County, Rongzhou (now Rongxian County, Guangxi);
The 21st time, Baishi Cave was named "Xiuchangle Tian Zhen". Yulin in the south of the South China Sea (now Yulin in Guangxi), or Yunhe in hanshan county (now Anhui);
The twenty-second time, a loophole, was named "Jade Quetian". In Beiliu County, Rongzhou (now Guangxi), it is known as Ge Hong's alchemy;
The 23rd time, Jiuyi Mountain Cave was named "Chaozhentai Xu Tian". Tang Yan County, Daozhou (now Ningyuan, Hunan);
Twenty-fourth, Dongyang Cave, named "Dongyang Hidden View of Heaven", is located in Changsha County, Tanzhou (now northwest of Liuyang County, Hunan Province);
The 25th time, Mufu Cave was named "Zhen Xuan Taiyuantian". In Tangnian County, Ezhou (now at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces);
Twenty-sixth, the cave in Judah, called "the wonderful days in Judah". In the northwest of Chenzhou (now Yuanling, Hunan);
Twenty-seven, Jinting Cave, named "Jinting worships wonderful days". In Yuezhou County (now Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province);
Twenty-eighth, Magu Cave, named "Danxia Tian". In Nancheng County, Fuzhou (now Jiangxi);
Twenty-ninth, Xiandu Cave, named "Xiandu Prays for Heaven". In Jinyun County, Chuzhou (now Zhejiang);
Thirtieth, Qingtian Cave, named "Qingtian Daiwada". In qingtian county (now Zhejiang);
The thirty-first time, in Central Shandong, was named "Zhu was born in heaven". Shangyuan County, Runzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu);
Thirty-second, Changliang Cave, named "Changliang released his life into the cave", is located at the junction of jurong city and Jintan City (now Jiangsu), near Xiaomaoshan;
Thirty-third, Zigai Cave is called "Zixuan Cave shines on the sky". Dangyang County in Jingzhou (now Hubei);
Thirty-fourth, Tianmu Cave, named "Heaven covers Tian Xuan". In Yuhang County, Hangzhou (now Zhejiang);
Thirty-fifth, Taoyuan Cave, named "White Horse with Dark Sky". In Wuling County, Xuanzhou (now Taoyuan, Hunan);
Thirty-sixth time, Jinhua Cave was named "Tian Yuan Jinhua Cave". In Jinhua County, Wuzhou (now Zhejiang).