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The medicine in ancient Babylon was the earliest medicine in the Arab region.
The earliest Arabic medical translation appeared in Umayyad caliph Merwan I (? -685) During his reign, a Jewish doctor in Basra translated Essays (a translation of the Law Collection) into Arabic. In the 8th century, many Muslim doctors began to appear in Baghdad. Since then, it has replaced Semist as the medical center of the Islamic Empire.
Famous doctors in the history of early Islamic medicine include Masawayh, Hunayn, Tabari and others, all of whom became famous in Sege. Massawai was a famous doctor in Baghdad in the second half of the 8th century, specializing in ophthalmology. Hu Ning was his disciple in the early 9th century. He is an Arab Christian who is proficient in Arabic, Greek and ancient Syrian. He translated many important Greek medical classics, especially Hippocrates (the ancient Greek doctor, known as the "father of medicine") and Galen's works were translated into Arabic. In addition, he also wrote two monographs on ophthalmology, which are considered as the earliest monographs on ophthalmology system. Hu Ning's translated works have a direct impact on Islamic medical practice, theoretical research and teaching. Tabari was a Persian in the early 9th century, then moved to Baghdad with his family and converted to Islam. Wisdom Garden is the first systematic monograph on Islamic medicine. This book not only covers the general principles of cosmology, but also introduces various disciplines of medicine, especially anatomy and Indian medicine. Tabari and Hunain are pioneers of Islamic medicine, which laid the foundation for the development of Islamic medicine.
Razi (865-925) is recognized as the greatest Muslim doctor, especially in medical experiments and clinical medicine, and he has made outstanding contributions. He once presided over the work of Baghdad General Hospital. He is not only rich in practical experience, but also knowledgeable and has written a lot in his life. According to biruni, a historian of science, Lachi wrote 184 works, including 56 works about medicine or related disciplines. The most important one is his encyclopedic book Al-HDWI, which is based on his own daily clinical experience and focuses on observation and experiment rather than theoretical discussion. His other masterpiece, On Smallpox and Measles, was translated into Latin, which attracted wide attention in Europe. Laki's medical achievement is an important milestone in the history of Islamic medicine, and its influence on the whole Islamic world and even the West is immeasurable.
From 10 to 1 1 century, several famous medical authorities appeared in the Islamic world, including Maizhuxi in the East and zahra Wei in the West. Majusi is Persian. He is the director of a famous hospital in Baghdad and is good at internal medicine research. Zahra Wei of Andalusia is a famous surgeon, and he systematically discusses surgery. However, ibn sina (Latin name Avicenna, 980- 1037) was the most outstanding medical master in this period. He was born in Afshana town near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan) in Central Asia, a small Muslim official family. Under the guidance of his teacher and father, he became a famous doctor at the age of 65,438+08, and then devoted himself to practicing medicine and writing, covering all parts of Persia and Central Asia. Ibn sina's medical masterpiece Medical Classics is a medical treasure in the Middle Ages, which represents the highest achievement of Arab medicine at that time. Therefore, ibn sina was called a "medical sage". This million-word masterpiece is divided into 5 volumes and 37 chapters, covering medical introduction, physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment methods, prescriptions and so on. , has had a wide impact on oriental medicine. Originally written in Arabic, this book was later translated into Persian, Turkish and Urdu, and later into Hebrew, Spanish and Latin. Ibn sina also made full use of his medical knowledge and clinical experience, and successfully conducted many new medical observations and studies, including the discovery of meningitis, the mode of epidemic transmission and the infectivity of tuberculosis.
Another famous Muslim doctor after Ibn Senna was Ibn al—Nafis, a Syrian in the 3rd century (12 13-1288). He is called "Ibn Senna II". He first put forward the theory of blood microcirculation, which is one of the most important discoveries in medical history. At that time, although many Islamic cultural centers were destroyed by the invasion of Mongolian soldiers, the medical cause was still developed. During the reign of Persian ilhan dynasty, Fadel Allah (? A 1348) devoted great energy to the revival of medical career. He founded a university dedicated to medicine and encouraged and sponsored the writing of medical works. For example, The Investigation of Science and Art in China during the Ilhan Period was written under his sponsorship, and it was also Islamic medicine. The only book about China medicine known in the literature at present. After modern times, Islamic traditional medicine has been weakening under the strong impact of western medicine.