In fact, the Flame Mountain is a branch of Tianshan Mountain, which was formed during the Himalayan movement 50 million to 60 million years ago. For thousands of years, numerous fold belts left by the lateral movement of the earth's crust and the wind erosion and rain stripping of nature have formed the ups and downs and vertical and horizontal gullies of the Flame Mountain.
In summer in mountainous areas, the temperature can reach 47℃, the direct sunlight can reach 80℃, and the sand surface can bake cooked eggs. Flame Mountain, called Chishi Mountain in ancient times, is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin, north of the ancient Silk Road.
East-west direction. The Flame Mountain is called "Qizil Tage" in German, which means "Red Mountain". Tang people used to call it "volcano" because it was very hot.
The length of the mountain is 100 km, the widest point is 10 km, and the elevation is about 500 meters. The elevation of the main peak is 83 1.7 meters. The flaming mountain, the mountains and the mountains, the grass is barren and the birds' songs disappear.
In midsummer, the red sun is in the sky, the reddish-brown mountain is brightly illuminated by the scorching sun, the sand and gravel are burning and flashing, and the hot airflow is rolling up like a flaming flame, so it is also called the Flame Mountain.
2. Extreme high temperature in the history of the Flame Mountain 15 On the afternoon of May, Turpan, known as the "Flame Mountain", recorded the highest temperature of 4 1℃, which was more than 40 kilometers away from the urban area of Turpan. During the high temperature that day, the surface temperature was as high as 68℃, but there were still many tourists who were not afraid of the heat wave to visit the scenic spot, and everyone rushed to the huge mountain under the flame. It is understood that the number of tourists in the scenic spot has reached more than 3,000.
On July 201May 15, the meteorological department of Turpan, Xinjiang issued a red warning of high temperature. It is predicted that from 16 to 17, there will be high temperature weather above 45 degrees Celsius in Gaochang District and Toksun County of Turpan City. On July 15, the surface temperature displayed by the giant gold hoop thermometer was 72 degrees Celsius.
3. What is the Flame Mountain? Flame Mountain is located in Xinjiang, China, Asia.
Huo Yan, Xinjiang is the most famous scenic spot in Turpan, which is located on the northern edge of Turpan Basin and the north of the ancient Silk Road. It is mainly composed of Mesozoic Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary red sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone. The locals call it "Qizil Tage", which means "Red Mountain".
Flame Mountain, called Chishi Mountain in ancient times, is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin, north of the ancient Silk Road. East-west direction.
The Flame Mountain is called "Qizil Tage" in German, which means "Red Mountain". Tang people used to call it "volcano" because it was very hot. The length of the mountain is 100 km, the widest point is 10 km, and the elevation is about 500 meters. The elevation of the main peak is 83 1.7 meters.
The flaming mountain, the mountains and the mountains, the grass is barren and the birds' songs disappear. In midsummer, the red sun is in the sky, the reddish-brown mountain is brightly illuminated by the scorching sun, the sand and gravel are burning and flashing, and the hot airflow is rolling up like a flaming flame, so it is also called the Flame Mountain.
4. () and () are the culture dates of the Flame Mountain: March 3, 20091general browsing: 3490 Flame Mountain spans the central part of Turpan Basin, with a total length of 98km, a mountain width of 6-8km, its widest point 10km and an average elevation of 500m m. The highest peak is east of Shengjinkou, with an altitude of 8500.
The mountain is composed of Cenozoic strata, the main body is red with a small amount of green bands. There is no snow and little rain on the mountain, which is extremely dry and nothing grows.
Under the scorching sun, the red light of the mountain flashes like a burning flame. The main peak is located at 12km west of Lianmuqin Town, Shanshan County.
Turpan basin used to be an ancient sea. Due to the crustal movement, especially during the Himalayan orogeny 30 million years ago, the mountains around the basin rose, the ancient sea became land, and the basin gradually formed. He experienced Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary in geological age, and was a slowly sinking depression.
Moreover, due to the different rising ranges of the surrounding mountains during the orogeny, an asymmetric basin was formed, with high in the south and low in the north, wide in the west and narrow in the east, and many rolling hills in the middle, which also created a unique and unique landform. This is the shaping of natural forces and the unique environmental wealth of Turpan.
There are large-scale ascending and denudation areas in mountainous areas, low-level denudation areas in flaming mountains and low-level hilly areas. There are piedmont inclined plains, lacustrine plain, saline-alkali swamp lacustrine plain and sand dune covered plains; There are depressions below the altitude of100150m. This uneven level, combined with various geographical features, is the Turpan Basin with the lowest altitude, which has won world-famous popularity.
As early as six or seven thousand years ago, there were human activities in Turpan basin, and now it has entered the Neolithic age. In primitive society, Turpan people have learned to polish and use fine-leaf stone tools, Shi Mao and stone knives, decorate them with perforated pebbles and make painted pottery.
There is no doubt that human life has begun in Turpan basin. About 3000 years ago, with the development of human society, nomadic people gradually settled down and the mode of production changed from gathering and hunting to agriculture.
According to records, the natives of Turpan Basin are ancient literati. They entered a civilized society as early as 2,200 years ago and established their own country, such as a small country that grew up after becoming a car driver. The country north of the car driver has a population of 20,000. Turpan is famous at home and abroad, and it is a bright pearl on the ancient Silk Road.
Here, three major human civilizations are integrated, and a series of gripping and soul-stirring historical dramas are staged. Has always been the concern of the world.
Despite archaeological excavations and the revelation of ancient books and documents, there are still human footprints in ancient Turpan. According to historical records, there were barren trees in the 6th century, but they were only used in the middle of17th century and abolished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In fact, Araki was always the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Turpan Basin before the completion of Guang 'an City in 1780. The sugong tower built in 42 years of Qianlong can prove it.
Repeated looting of war can make a city decline, and the disaster of extinction is probably caused by nature. Anle City was built on the rushing fan of the flood canal. Drought and lack of rain let people relax their vigilance against her, and nature showed no mercy.
This is one of the reasons why Guang 'an City was built in 1780 Qing Dynasty on the platform where the ancient post road passed two kilometers northwest of Araki. Guang 'an City is the era of Turpan today, also known as "Seoul".
1780, the minister of exhibition affairs in Qing dynasty was changed to the minister of tour leader in Turpan, and the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Turpan basin moved to Turpan city. 1786, after the establishment of Xinjiang province, Turpan was the Zhili Hall.
19 13, Turpan zhili hall was changed to county. Fifty years ago, Turpan was just a small market town with "one road running through the east and west", with only a few small shops and workshops on both sides of the street.
On February 26th 1984 and 1985, with the approval of the State Council, on May 25th, Turpan withdrew its county to set up a city, and the idea of building a modern "grape city" gradually became a reality. The development history of Turpan oasis economy proves that it is a multi-ethnic area.
The ancestors who appeared on the historical stage of Turpan were Che, Wusun, Xiongnu, Turkic, Uighur, Tubo, Qidan, Mongolia, Zhungeer and Han, all of which left historical marks to varying degrees. There are ups and downs, and their mainstream is still unity and unity. * * * jointly created the history of civilization in Turpan, leaving behind cultural relics and historic sites full of treasures.
Turpan's unique terrain: Turpan basin is an intermountain basin in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, which is shaped like olives and boats. The area below sea level is about 4000 square kilometers.
The lowest is "Aiding Lake", with an altitude of 155 meters. With Aiding Lake as the center, the topography of the whole Turpan Basin consists of three zones with different colors.
The outer ring is a high mountain rising from the ground, with the famous Bogda Mountain in the north, Kuruktag Mountain in the south, Kumutage Mountain in the southeast and Kalou Mountain in the west, surrounding the whole Turpan Basin. And behind them is connected with the vast desert.
The middle part of the basin is a gray-yellow Gobi gravel belt, which is formed over time due to the weathering and denudation of mountains and the downstream water. The inner ring of the basin is an oasis with towering mountains and rivers, fertile farmland, fragrant melons and fruits, and prosperity.
The Flame Mountain is located in the center of the basin and consists of red rocks from Mesozoic and 3rd centuries. Even Muqin, Tuyugou, Taoergou, Grape Valley, Dacao Lake and other places have nurtured all beings in the basin, creating the fertile oasis and splendid history and culture of Turpan Basin.
Geography and culture of Turpan: 200 million years ago, Turpan Basin was a water town, and the cod living there was named "Turpan cod" by paleontologists. After the water came ashore, a crawling two-toothed beast living there was also called "Turpan beast".
Turpan is one of the oldest places in China. The world's largest giant rhinoceros fossil was unearthed in Turpan and displayed to tourists at home and abroad, which indicates that Turpan was an extremely active place 50 million years ago. Turpan has a long history, profound cultural heritage and rich cultural relics.
There are as many as 79 cultural relics in Turpan, including 5 national key cultural relics protection units, 9 provincial key cultural relics protection units and 66 municipal key cultural relics protection units, ranking first in Xinjiang and eleventh in the country. Among the numerous historical sites, Turpan has few or even only me at home and abroad.
5. A region visited by the Silk Road in history is described as the Flame Mountain. It is located on the north road of the Silk Road and is a short fold in front of Bogda Mountain in the East Tianshan Mountains, which was formed during the Himalayan movement.
The Flame Mountain is located in the middle of Turpan Basin, and the locals call it "Qizil Tage", which means "Red Mountain". This is a young folded low mountain with a length of about100km from east to west, a width of about 7 ~ 10/0km from north to south and an average height of about 500m. The highest peak is near Shengjinkou, with an altitude of only 85 1 m.
It is mainly composed of crimson sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary in Mesozoic. The mountain is vigorous and tortuous, mainly washed by ancient water, and the hillside is covered with countless gullies.
Nothing grows on the mountain, and the bedrock is * * *, which is often covered with weathered sand. In midsummer, under the scorching sun, the red rock heat wave is rolling, and the crimson smoke cloud is steaming everywhere, just like a flame burning.
6. Why is Flame Mountain called Flame Mountain? Flame Mountain is a mountain in Turpan, Xinjiang, China. Because Turpan is a basin, the temperature is high. The highest temperature in summer can sometimes reach 40-50 degrees Celsius. Flame Mountain is located in the northern edge of Turpan Basin.
Ancient books called it "Chishi Mountain" and Arabic called it "Qizil Tage" (meaning Red Mountain). It is composed of red sandstone, starting from Liusha River in Gan Lan, Shanshan County in the east and reaching Taoergou in Turpan in the west, forming a red dragon, which runs east and west and is located in Turpan Basin, with a total length of 98 kilometers and a width of 9 kilometers from north to south. The general height is about 500 meters, and the highest peak is near Tuyugou, Shanshan County, with an altitude of 83 1.
7 meters. The Flame Mountain is a short fold in the foothills of Bogda Mountain in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, which was formed during the Himalayan movement.
The embryonic form of the mountain range was formed in 1. 400 million years ago, the basic landscape pattern was formed in 1.
4 1 100 million years ago, it experienced a long geological time, spanning several geological ages of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary. Nothing grows on the flaming mountain, nothing grows on it.
Whenever there is a fire in July in midsummer, the red sun is on the head, the atmosphere is transpiration, the flame clouds are lingering, and the red mountain is like a dragon, which is very spectacular. Flame Mountain is the hottest place in China, with the highest temperature of 47 degrees in summer.
8 degrees, the highest surface temperature is above 70 degrees. Due to crustal movement and river cutting, there are still many valleys on the mountainside, mainly including Grape Valley, Taoergou, Mutou Valley, Yu Tu Valley, Lianmuqin Valley and Su Valley.
In these valleys, the trees are shaded, the scenery is beautiful, the streams are gurgling and the fruits are fragrant. The Journey to the West is a famous mythological novel of Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty, which is famous in the world for the story of four monks, one master and one apprentice in the Tang Dynasty who went to the West to learn from the scriptures.
In the 59th and 60th chapters, I wrote the story "Tang Sanzang Road blocks the Flame Mountain, and Sun Walker has a three-tone banana fan", which makes the Flame Mountain cover with a mysterious color and become a strange peak. The Journey to the West wrote: "On the West Route Army, there is a country where the sun sets, commonly known as' Tianya'.
There is a flaming mountain here. There is no spring or autumn, and it is very hot all year round. The Flame Mountain has 800 miles of flames, and nothing grows around it. After crossing the mountain, even the copper head and iron body will be turned into juice! "This passage is obviously an exaggeration, but these basic features, such as high temperature and barren grass, are completely in line with the actual situation of the Flame Mountain and are not fabricated out of thin air.
7. How the Flame Mountain was formed is not uncommon in Xinjiang.
Today, the Sulphur Ditch coalfield, 42 kilometers away from Urumqi, has been "fractured vertically and horizontally, filled with smoke, and the flames between rocks roar all the year round." It has been 100 years now (2008).
This coalfield fire area lasted for four years (1999 -2003) and was extinguished in 2003. "Tianshan Mountain is a region with strong geological activities. After many geological movements, most of the horizontal coal seams buried in the stratum have become inclined coal seams. After the coal seam is exposed, it contacts with the air, accumulates heat after oxidation, and the temperature rises, causing spontaneous combustion, which eventually leads to coalfield fires. "
The nursery engineer, who is in charge of engineering technology in the fire area of Liuzigou coalfield, explained this. The heat and dryness of Flame Mountain are attributed to the unique natural and geographical conditions here.
In fact, the Flame Mountain is a branch of Tianshan Mountain, which was formed during the Himalayan movement 50 million to 60 million years ago. For thousands of years, numerous fold belts left by the lateral movement of the earth's crust and the wind erosion and rain stripping of nature have formed the ups and downs and vertical and horizontal gullies of the Flame Mountain.
In summer in mountainous areas, the temperature can reach 47℃, the direct sunlight can reach 80℃, and the sand surface can bake cooked eggs. Tuyugou Mazha villagers' residence.
Most of the houses in the Flame Mountain area are semi-cellar-style, and half of them are buried underground. Adobe with fast heat dissipation has always been the main local building material.
"Turpan" is the "lowest place" in * * * Er language. Located in the heart of Eurasia, deep inland, far from the ocean, surrounded by a large area of arid areas, sandwiched between Bogda Mountain and Kuruktag Mountain in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, the famous Tuha subsidence basin has been formed.
Because the climate is extremely dry, the ability of flowing water to transport materials is very weak, there is little hydraulic accumulation in the basin, and the flaming mountain traverses the north-central part of the basin. The blocking effect makes it difficult for the weathered materials eroded by flowing water in Tianshan Mountain to enter the center of the basin, and the basin naturally becomes lower and lower after falling. Turpan is far away from the ocean, so the moist air mass of the ocean cannot enter, and the Atlantic water vapor in the west is blocked by Tianshan Mountain.
Its terrain is too low, the height difference between the mountain and the basin exceeds 5600 meters in a short distance, and the foehn effect caused by the sinking and warming of the airflow makes it dry and hot. Therefore, it is called "Fire Island".
Because there are many mountainous areas and no vegetation, the Gobi desert has a large area, long sunshine time, rapid temperature rise during the day, low basin and difficult loss of hot air, forming the only hot stove in the world above the 42 north latitude line. Turpan is a typical continental arid desert climate.
Although the annual average temperature is only 14.5℃, the days above 35℃ exceed 100 days, and even the extremely hot weather above 38℃ is as many as 38 days. The absolute maximum temperature measured for many years is 49.6℃( 1975 07 13), and the surface temperature can reach 83.3℃, which is a veritable "China hot pole".
The average annual precipitation in Huozhou is only 16mm, accounting for half in summer, while the annual precipitation in Toksun is only 5.9mm. It is not surprising that it doesn't rain all the year round, so it can be called "China dry pole". Therefore, although there is no Ming Yamakaji now (2008), the unique natural and geographical conditions here have made the Flame Mountain a "Flame Mountain" and Turpan a "Flame Island".
It is said that on the third day of the Tang Dynasty, when he took the road to block the Flame Mountain, he met an elderly man and said, "Dare you ask my father-in-law, why is it so hot in autumn?" The old man said, "We call it the Flame Mountain here. There is no spring and autumn, and it is hot all year round. " "Where is the Flame Mountain?" Sanzang asked. Can you block the way to the west? "The old man said," the west can't go.
That mountain is 60 miles from here, which is the only way to the west, but it has 800 miles of flames and nothing grows around it. Over the mountain, even the copper skull iron body Hwa-Sung Do juice. "
When Sanzang heard this, he was too scared to ask again ... When the two disciples first arrived at the Flame Mountain, they met this conversation, which led to the story of Princess Iron Fan, Niu Wangmo and Sanshou borrowing a banana fan. Today, the Flame Mountain still stands in the north of Turpan Basin, stretching for more than 100 kilometers, with a width of 10 kilometers and an altitude of more than 500 meters.
It is called "the burning mountain of fire" in Shan Hai Jing, and it is called "Kiziltak" in German, which means Hongshan. It was called "Chishi Mountain" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The flaming mountain is criss-crossed, winding and barren.
In hot summer, the surface layer of * * * can reach 75℃ under the sun baking, and the heat wave is rolling, which makes people breathless. Due to the relative horizontal accumulation of strata and the alternation of soft and hard strata, gullies are formed along the slope under the long-term erosion of rainwater.
The material eroded by the mountain forms a red alluvial fan skirt in front of the foothills, and the front edge of the fan skirt forms numerous polygonal cracks in the arid environment, which is particularly eye-catching. Although the high temperature is unbearable, Flame Mountain is a natural underground reservoir dam.
It is precisely because the center of the Flame Mountain blocked the groundwater seeping from the Gobi gravel belt, raised the groundwater level, and formed a phreatic overflow zone on the northern edge of the mountain, with many springs exposed, which moistened several oases such as Shanshan, Lianmuqin and Subhas, thus creating life in this area. Why is the Flame Mountain so hot? There have been several theories.
The first statement comes from Wu Cheng'en, which "thinks" that the Flame Mountain was formed when the Monkey King made a scene in the Heavenly Palace. He came out of the palace, kicked off some bricks with embers and fell to the ground. Of course, this is a legend.
There is also a saying that the fire in the Flame Mountain comes from spontaneous combustion of underground coal seams. Some scholars found that there was a time in history when the flame raged in the Flame Mountain. This is because the strata that make up this mountain contain coal seams.
Some coal seams are as thick as 1 1 m. They have spontaneously ignited, and the thicker ones near the surface have spontaneously burned out, and you can still see the purple burning scars left behind. It is also recorded in the history books that the Flame Mountain was once a sea of fire.
Wang Yande's Travels of Gaochang said: "To the north of Beiting Mountain (that is, the flaming mountain), there is always smoke in the cloudless mountain. If the flame burns at night, birds and mice will be red. "
When Cen Can, a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, crossed the Flame Mountain for the first time, he wrote the poem Crossing the Volcano as follows: "When the volcano first appeared, Pu Changdong was abrupt. The red flame burns the clouds in Hu-day, and the hot air flows through the frontier fortress.
I don't know yin and yang charcoal, why burn it alone? Winter winter comes here, and the mountain is still a hot air.
Men and women sweat, but who knows the merits of nature. "。