I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings.
Every flower has a youthful interval.
Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies,
The king's longing for spring is crying in the cuckoo.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the green sea of the moon,
The blue fields breathe their emeralds to the sun.
A moment that should last forever,
Before I knew it, it had come and gone.
This seven-character poem is Li Shangyin's masterpiece. The Chinese textbook for senior high school in Jiangsu Education Edition requires five topics, including four classic Tang poems.
As a representative of poets in Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's poems have high artistic achievements. Because of Li Shangyin's rough life experience, this poet, who was famous for his talent when he was young, suffered from political repression for a long time and suffered many spiritual blows. The resulting ambivalence of expectation and disappointment, pain and nostalgia, persistence and hesitation, disappointment and life will inevitably penetrate into his unique poetry creation. He found a new way in poetry and opened up a new realm of affection. This Jinse is an article with unique style and artistic charm.
Poetry, with its vague images, hazy artistic conception and chaotic emotions, gives readers a strong artistic infection and profound aesthetic enjoyment. Therefore, understanding images, feeling artistic conception and enjoying aesthetic feeling are the basic goals to guide students to appreciate and learn this poem.
There are always different opinions about the meaning of this poem. But the emotion expressed in this poem is the poet's unforgettable emotional memory of his past life after the passage of time, which is obvious. In order to express complex, contradictory and even inexplicable emotions, poets are good at turning confused images into many trance-like and vague images, thus forming a hazy artistic conception of poetry. Therefore, only by knowing the image and feeling the artistic conception can we understand and grasp the poet's emotional connotation.
So, what are images and artistic conception? In Jinse, the "meaning" of the image is the inner abstract soul, that is, the emotion that the poet wants to convey; And "image" is the external concrete object image and the sustenance of "meaning". Poets externalize emotions through physical images, that is, form artistic images implied by images. Artistic conception is created by poets, and it is also a poetic space for readers to feel the blending of images and scenes through association and imagination. Only by understanding the artistic conception and immersing the reader's whole mind in an imaginary world can the artistic beauty of poetry be truly cultivated.
The "Jinse", "Fifty Strings" and "One String and One Column" in the first couplet belong to specific things. "Unreasonable" and "homesickness" are the feelings and thoughts expressed by poets. The last sentence means, Jinse, why do you have so many strings? We can understand it as complaining and blaming Jinse. But Jinse has so many strings, which is neither "wrong" nor "wrong"; The poet's insistence on criticism is puzzling in itself. This is actually the expression of the poet's mind and the catharsis of his emotions, which is accomplished by the image of "color".
The next sentence, "Every flower-like trouble is an interval of youth", means that every sound and paragraph of playing the golden harp evokes the poet's memories of youth.
The key to this sentence lies in the word "thinking about China". The author believes that this is the theme of the whole poem. Today, Flower Year, which is called a beautiful youth, is the core of the poet's emotional thought. The poet's melancholy and inexplicable emotion is caused by the past events of "thinking about the past and thinking about the future", which is conveyed through the concrete image of "one string and one column" in Jinse. Therefore, Jinse and its "string and column" are images, which are artistic images implied by images.
Legend has it that in ancient times, this 50-string instrument made a sad sound when playing. I can't help but think of "a meditation on every string, a meditation on every note". At this time, the poet must be sad when he hears a string and a column playing, so he is fascinated and has a lot of thoughts.
Here, there is the image of a golden harp, which itself contains complex meanings, the musical realm played by strings, and the association and imagination caused by missing years: readers can easily associate the poet's tragic life experience, imagine his "love years" when he was confused, sad, lonely and disappointed, and enter the artistic conception of the coexistence of reality and reality.
The last sentence of Zhuan Xu, "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming was bewitched by butterflies", uses the allusion of "Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies". It means that the change of life is vague, just like Zhuang Sheng dreaming of butterflies, and he doesn't know whether the life experience is a person or a butterfly. It can be understood that the poet's mind is dancing because he listened to the music playing the golden harp, and he doesn't know where he is. When I wake up, my dream is gone, and I feel confused and confused. Meng Xiao itself is illusory and hazy. Butterfly's flight is free, unrestrained and changeable. Images with vague features, such as Meng Xiao and butterflies, entrusted the poet's dreamy but very ethereal mind. After reading this sentence, the reader seems to have entered the artistic conception created by the poet and saw the poet turn into a butterfly and dance in the dreamland.
"Wang Chunxin's cuckoo cries" in the next sentence is also a cultural allusion. That is to say, Du Yu, the emperor of the ancient Shu kingdom, became a cuckoo and cried and cried after his death. This sentence means the pain of life, just like the feeling of looking forward to the emperor's injury to spring, expressed by mourning Du Fu. It can be considered that the sadness and sadness of the voice, like the cuckoo weeping blood, expresses the poet's sadness. Rhododendron is a symbol of sadness and sadness, and it is an image that sustains people's sad thoughts. Rhododendrons can be used to pin their feelings for the emperor's injury to spring, and of course they can also be used to cover up the poet's unspeakable sadness and resentment. This sentence seems to make people feel that Du Fu has both the image of an emperor and the shadow of a poet. The cuckoo cries sadly, so that the picture of bleeding in his mouth appears from time to time, and the resulting hazy artistic conception makes readers sympathize with the poet's unfortunate life experience.
The last sentence of the necklace "Mermaid drops pearl-like tears on the green sea of the moon" is based on the legend of the ancients. Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are born in the sea. Whenever the night is still and the moon is bright, the clam opens its mouth to the moon to raise pearls. He also said that there is Jiao Ren in the South China Sea, which can turn tears into beads. The meaning of this sentence is that in the bleak moonlight, the pearls of the sea are with crystal tears. The images of the sea and the bright moon reveal the poet's lonely and sad mood; The images of pearls and pearl tears are personified, which expresses the poet's sadness and sadness that talents are in a miserable situation and abandoned, so that they cannot be used by the world.
With the help of association, the poet connects the images of the sea, the bright moon, pearls and tears in series and turns them into a beautiful artistic conception that is difficult to distinguish, elusive and sad.
"Lantian breathes their jade at the sun", the next sentence of the necklace means that in the bright sunshine of Lantian Mountain, Ran Ran rises with jade. "Lantian is warm and rich in jade" represents a beautiful ideal scenery, but it can only be seen from a distance.
The poet borrowed a concrete image of jade smoke, which means that the musical artistic conception played by Jinse is hazy and illusory, just like the light smoke rising from lantian jade Mountain in the warm sun, but it is out of reach; The image of jade smoke symbolizes the beautiful realm that the poet yearns for and pursues all his life, and it is impossible to grasp and approach. This elusive ideal represents all the feelings of the poet.
In the two sentences of the Necklace, the poet created a different artistic conception of Yin and Yang, and showed the readers noble feelings, persistent expectations and endless grief and regret.
The epilogue summarizes the whole article to the effect that such a feeling of sadness and disappointment was like this at that time, but where is it now? It was already overwhelming.
The "melancholy" here refers to the inner sad and frustrated mental state, which echoes the "unprovoked" of the first couplet and is the emotion and thought expressed by the poet. The "Reminiscence" echoes the "Year of Thinking about China" in the first couplet, suggesting that this poem is a reminder of the feelings of the years and a pen to point the topic. These two sentences should be: the disillusionment and meditation of the poet after playing the golden harp.
The whole poem conveys the poet's feelings of disappointment, sadness, loneliness, yearning and disappointment caused by listening to the golden harp through five images: the golden harp, the dream butterfly of Zhuang Sheng, the cuckoo crying blood, the tears in the sea and the smoke produced by good jade. These images are vague and obviously have some symbolic meanings, but it is difficult to understand what they symbolize. There is no necessary connection between the two, but they have the same characteristics, that is, they are both spiritualized by poets, both of which are a combination of various experiences and full of non-objective colors, so their feelings are chaotic. These images, after forming a poem, form a hazy artistic conception of seeing flowers in the fog, which has a sad and puzzling artistic style.
In a word, Li Shangyin's poems are famous for their vague images, vague artistic conception and chaotic feelings. There is no need to appreciate and study this poem, and it is difficult to make an accurate interpretation. We should go beyond the simple exegetical interpretation of words, capture the image and artistic conception of poetry with our heart, and gallop our imagination according to our own life experience. Through repeated appreciation, Yan Ying's drunken paintings can be suddenly understood, so as to grasp the obscure and profound meaning of the poems, appreciate the sad and hazy artistic style and enjoy the aesthetic feeling.
At the same time, due to the different psychological and emotional States of the appreciators, there are inevitably differences in aesthetic appreciation. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the theoretical essence of "poetry fails to express its meaning" and inspire and encourage students to have different opinions in teaching, so as to improve literary literacy and enrich the emotional world.