"Essays under the Light" is selected from (Lu Xun)' s essays ("").

"Essays under the Light" is selected from (Lu Xun) prose collection "Grave". Essays under the Light is a companion to Chatting in Late Spring, which means that the structure of the article is free and flexible. First, we should generate feelings from specific events, introduce topics, then grasp topics, make extensive associations, enrich quotations, peel bamboo shoots layer by layer, and reveal the essence of things from the outside to the inside. At the beginning, it discusses the opportunity of devaluation of paper money during Yuan Shikai's restoration. In ancient China, cash was always used as money. Silver gold coins and silver dollar copper coins are heavy and bulky, which is not easy to carry. In the early years of the Republic of China, the national bank issued paper money, the exchange value remained unchanged, but it was very convenient to carry and use. Since then, people like to use paper money instead of silver. However, due to the sudden change of political situation, there has been a wave of devaluation of paper money, and the popularity of silver and cash has forced the author to exchange paper money for cash at a low price of 60% to 70%. This was a great loss, but the author was complacent. "It seems that this is the weight of my life", because I have money in my waist to live. Lu Xun vividly described the storm by combining narrative and discussion, and showed his mixed feelings in detail. Then, he touched on it briefly, which led to the incisive exposition that "we are extremely easy to become slaves, and we still like it after we have changed", which is like a cloud breaking through the mountains, making articles emerge one after another. In thousands of years of class social history, slaves and laborers have always been talking tools, or animals specialized in war and labor, and have never achieved extraordinary value. "Treat people as human beings" was originally the code of conduct for slave owners, feudal landlords and capitalists to treat slaves, farmers and workers. In the era of war, there is even a sigh that "people are not as good as Taiping dogs", which shows that people are not as valuable as cattle and horses as pigs and dogs. In other words, if people's value is equal to cattle and horses, it will become a peaceful and prosperous time that should be convinced and eulogized. Analyzing history, Lu Xun came to a clear conclusion, "In fact, China people have never won the price of' people', but they are only slaves at most", and further pointed out that sometimes, they are not as light as dung and as cheap as ants as cattle, horses, pigs and dogs, and there are no slaves who want to be tamed. According to his own observation and research, he divided the historical periods of China into those when he wanted to be a slave but could not, and those when he was a slave for a while, thus revealing the historical cycle law of "one rule and one chaos" highly, accurately and vividly. He wanted to be a slave, but he couldn't. It was a tragic scene of chaos, warlord scuffle, whale swallowing and law of the jungle, which often led to killing people like hemp and rivers of blood. When the slaves are temporarily stabilized, it is the peaceful and prosperous times advocated by Confucianism, because the new rulers have formulated slave rules, attached importance to production, rewarded farmers and mulberry, and stipulated the number and methods of serving and receiving dishes. Although the common people are cattle and horses, they still have a mouth to eat. As a result, they became "lucky Huan", the world was peaceful, and they became stable slaves for the time being. However, sharp class contradictions lurk in the mainland. With the fierce land annexation and heavy taxes on hard labor, the slave rules have been broken, and those who want to be slaves are afraid to take risks, so the chaotic era of war and chaos and bloody struggle has emerged again. "One governance and one chaos" has been repeated, and history has shown a spiral development trend. Those "insurgents" who took the lead, that is, the leaders of peasant uprisings, could not realize their ideals of defending heaven, solving people's problems or even establishing an equal heaven due to historical and class limitations, but only became tools for regime change, that is, "clearing the way for the' master'" as Lu Xun said, to drive away stubborn enemies and clear obstacles for the future rule of the "Emperor of Heaven".