From the source to the upstream Xianju County, Yong 'an River flows from west to east, with a total length of 1 16 km. The tributaries on both sides of the strait are arranged in parallel and converge to the mainstream from south to north. The terrain of the county is inclined from the outside to the inside, slightly to the east. Each branch is diagonally stacked to form a multi-stage ladder platform. On the platform, gentle hills rise and fall, forming valleys and basins of different sizes, which are suitable for farming. Among them, Xiage, Chengguan, Shi Tian, Hengxi and other four valley plains have a large area. The valley bottom is mostly below 100 meters above sea level, and the ground is slightly undulating, which is an important producing area of rice and cash crops in this county. Hills and mountains are mostly composed of volcanic rocks and clastic rocks, which are the products of Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Affected by tectonic movement, cracks and joints are developed, with strong phase transition and complex lithology. In the long crustal evolution, a changeable mountain landscape has been formed. Strange peaks and caves abound. The eight scenic spots in Xianju: Nanfeng Fishing Boat, Dongling Xiao Zhong, Shilong Lin Yu, Shuimu Waterfall, jing xing Moon Watching, Jinfeng Bug, Magu Snow and Cangling Feng Dan are fascinating, and poets and writers travel everywhere. Pan Lei, editor of the Hanlin Academy in Qing Dynasty, wrote: "The rooftop is deep and secluded, the geese shake strangely, and you can have both."
The climate belongs to the subtropical monsoon region, which is warm and humid with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature17.2 c, the average temperature in June is 5.6°C, and the average temperature in July is 28.5 C. Due to the complex terrain and different locations, the temperature varies slightly from place to place. The frost-free period of the year is about 240 days. There is abundant rainfall, with the average precipitation over the years 1376.8 mm, showing a bimodal distribution, with plum rain before and autumn rain after. June is the month with the most precipitation in the whole year, reaching 233 mm; 165438+ 10 is the month with the least precipitation, only 75.9 mm. The spatial distribution of precipitation is also uneven, with more in the south and less in the north, more in the east and less in the west. The warm and humid climate is not only beneficial to the cultivation of grain crops such as double-cropping rice and corn, but also beneficial to the development of cash crops such as tea, mulberry, camellia oleifera and citrus. However, drought in summer, heavy rain in rainy season and typhoon season and low temperature frost brought by cold air have a serious impact on agriculture.
Xianju has a long history. More than 4000 years ago, the ancestors of Xianju people, Ou Yue people, lived in the valley plains on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of Yong 'anxi. During the Warring States period, Xianju was the territory of Yue State. After Qin unified the whole country, it belonged to Huipu Township, Yinxian County, central Fujian. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianju was already the place where famous monks in China set foot. In the first year of Xingping (194), the "Stone Temple" was built, and the current site still exists. In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Xianju County was named Le 'an. It was abandoned several times in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was renamed Yong 'an in the fifth year of Wu (930). In Song Dynasty, Xianju was one of the famous religious shrines in China. Song Zhenzong changed its name with the imperial edict that "the cave mountain covers Wei Zhou and there are many immortals".
In the upper reaches of Tiantai County, Tiantai Mountain winds from west to northeast, and the Radar Mountains extend to southwest, forming a relatively flat hilly basin surrounded by mountains in the middle. The elevation of Cangshan Peak in the east is113m, and the elevation of Huading Mountain in the north is110m. The valley plain on both sides of Shifeng River is 50-120m above sea level. Tiantai basin is triangular, with low hills accounting for 8 1% of the county's total area, and valley plains and terraces accounting for 19%. These rivers belong to Jiaojiang, Caoejiang, Baixi, Qingxi and Zhuyouxi. Shifengxi runs through Tiantai Basin, with a total length of 132.7 km (68.5 km in China) and a drainage area of 16 10 km2 (domestic11.54km2). Tiantai County, named after Tiantai Mountain in China, connects Ninghai and Sanmen in the east, Pan 'an in the west, Xianju and Linhai in the south and Xinchang in the north. It is located between 28 57 ′ 02 ″ and 29 20 ′ 39 ″ north latitude and120 41210/5 ′ 46 ″ east longitude. It is 54.7 kilometers long from east to west and 33.5 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 1420.70 square kilometers.
Tiantai County has a subtropical monsoon climate with moderate and pleasant rainfall, with an annual average temperature of 16.8℃ and rainfall of 1320mm, which is suitable for the growth of various crops. The county is located at the junction of Taizhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Jinhua, with national highways, provincial highways and county and township highways criss-crossing, and the "Upper Third Line" (Shangyu to Sanmen) expressway runs through the whole territory, so the traffic is very convenient. Tiantai county belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation and sufficient heat. Because of the mountainous surrounding area and the low level in the middle, the climate characteristics of the small area are remarkable, with a certain basin climate color.
During the Han and Jin Dynasties, Ge Xuan, a Taoist priest, and Tan You, a monk, successively came to Tiantai Mountain to preach Buddhism. Sui Chen lived in Tiantai Sect for 22 years, built 12 brake, founded Tiantai Sect of Buddhism, and became a generation of creative masters who influenced the world, so Tiantai Mountain became the birthplace of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism. In the Tang Dynasty, the monks and their party arrived at Xiaoguo Temple to learn how to calculate and compile the Dayan calendar. The poet Hanshanzi lived in seclusion in Tiantai for more than 70 years. In his later years, he came to Suzhou and Wuxi, and the Hanshan collection was passed down from generation to generation. (Now countries such as Europe and America have set off a craze for Hanshan research. More than 90 Japanese monks came to the mountain to seek dharma, which made Tiantai Mountain famous. Since then, monks from Japan and Korea (Korean Peninsula) have come to the mountains to seek dharma and worship Buddha. Xiaoguo Temple is regarded as the ancestral home of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism by Japan, South Korea and other countries. In the Song Dynasty, Zhang founded the Ziyang Fairy School of Taoism, and later generations respected it as the ancestor of Nanzong, and Tongbai Mountain became the original mountain of Nanzong Taoism in China. Yujing Cave, Xuling Mountain and Sima Shenshan in Chicheng Mountain are also listed as the sixth cave in the world, the 14th and 60th blessed land by Taoist books. Jigong, Zen monk, Tiantai chengguan. He is good at poetry and drama to help the poor and is respected as a "living Buddha" by the people. Now, the Jigong Pavilion is built on the stone wall of Jigong's birthplace, and the Jigong Buddhist Temple is built on Chicheng Mountain in Jigong's juvenile reading room. Vatican Taoist temple not only adds color to the scenic spot, but also makes Tiantai Mountain gain the reputation of "Buddhism and Taoism". Tiantai Mountain culture deserves to be regarded as the epitome of the legendary culture of the Chinese nation and a model of "three religions in one" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The "Buddhist Fairy Mountain" has also created countless magical legends. The story of Liu Chen and Ruan Yuxian in the Han Dynasty, which spread through the ages, happened here.
The middle reaches of Linhai City are mainly mountainous and hilly, and the terrain is inclined from west to east. Lingjiang River is the third largest water system in Zhejiang Province, running through the city from west to east. From Xianju County to Yong 'anxi, from Tiantai County to Shifengxi, a "Y" shape is formed on the map of the west side of the sea, and it joins Sanjiang in Yongfeng Town and enters Lingjiang. Three mountain ranges, including Kuocang Mountain, Leida Mountain and Tongshi Mountain, are distributed in the west, south and north of China. There are mountains of Radar, Chifeng and Yang Yan in the west, with an altitude of 700 ~1200m. The central part is a fault basin, and the eastern part is a coastal plain with flat terrain. The area is covered with mountains and peaks, hills and rivers. It belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 17℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 5370℃, the frost-free period is 24 1 day, and the average evaporation is 123 1.4 mm, which belongs to the humid area. 1 year, the average temperature is 5.8℃, and the average temperature in July is 28℃. The annual precipitation is 1550 mm, with rainy season from May to June, mainly sunny from July to September, and frequent typhoon activities at the turn of summer and autumn.
Since the Xia Dynasty, there have been human activities and territorial evolution in Linhai. In Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Linhai belonged to Ou Di, and in Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to Yuedi. Chu State in the Warring States Period; After Qin unified the six countries, it belonged to Minzhong County. In the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (85 BC), Huipu County was established, with Dewey ruling in the east and Huiji County ruled by Zhang An. In 222 AD, the northern part of Zhang 'an was assigned to Shiping County, and the western part and Yongning County were assigned to Linhai County. In 257 AD, Linhai County was located in the east of Huiji County, and the county ruled Zhang 'an. In 323 AD, Linhai County ruled Zhang 'an; In 589 AD, the county was abandoned in the ninth year of Sui Dynasty, and Zhang 'an, Shifeng, Ninghai and Le 'an were merged into Linhai County as one state. In the 11th year (59 1), he moved to Dagushan. In A.D. 1227, Taizhou Road General Administration was established; In A.D. 1368, Taizhou Road was changed to Taizhou Prefecture, which belonged to Zhejiang Province. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Linhai was always under the jurisdiction of Taizhou's states, counties, roads and governments. 1May, 949, Linhai was liberated, and in the same year 10/October, Taizhou District was established, with its resident in Linhai. From 65438 to 0994, Taizhou set up a city from the ground, and Linhai has always been the resident of Taizhou regional administrative office. 1in March, 986, the State Council approved the withdrawal of counties from Linhai and the establishment of cities.
The lower reaches of huangyan district and the east belong to the Huangwen Plain, a land of plenty; The western part is hilly and mountainous, and the main mountain ranges are Kuocangshan branch and North Yandang residual vein, which extend from west to east, and are rich in forest resources and mineral resources such as lead, zinc and granite. There are hundreds of streams in the territory, and the largest main stream of Yongning River in Sichuan is 77 kilometers long. Changtan Reservoir, a large-scale water conservancy project, has a designed total storage capacity of 69 1 100 million cubic meters, irrigates one million mu of farmland in five cities (districts) of Huangyan, Jiaojiang, Luqiao, Linhai and Wenling, and solves the domestic water consumption of more than three million people. Yongning River, Nanguan River, Xijiang River and Dongguan River pass through the city and are surrounded by Fangshan, Cuiping Mountain and Yan Song Mountain. The western mountainous area is the back garden and ecological barrier of Taizhou. Dasiji Forest Park has a total area of 24 1 10,000 mu, with a forest coverage rate of 97.3%. Changtan Reservoir has a total area of 42 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 732 million cubic meters. Famous scenic spots include Huayan Mountain, Huangyan Waterfall Group, Fushan Rift Valley, Eighteen Beaches in East Zhejiang, Chuanshan Grand Canyon, Yan Song, Huangyan Grottoes, Jiu Feng Park, Yongning Park and Qiaoyuan Jianyang Lake National Wetland Park. Among them, Jiufeng Mountain and Yan Song were listed in the dictionary of scenic spots in China, and Huayan Mountain was rated as a provincial scenic spot.
Huangyan's hometown is Dongou in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Wangguo in Dongou in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Minzhong County in Qin Dynasty, Hewlett-Packard County, Zhang 'an County and Yongning County in Han Dynasty, Linhai County in Three Kingdoms Period, and Jin Dynasty. Yongning County was founded in the second year of Tang and Shang Dynasties (657), and was renamed Huangyan County in the first year (690) because of the seclusion of Taoist celebrity Wang. 1980, Haimen District, Haimen Town, Chen Da Town and Dongshan Commune, which are mainly industrial towns in the east, were analyzed, and Haimen Special Zone was established (Jiaojiang City was established two years after the abolition of Haimen Special Zone). 1982- 1984, classified as Jiaojiang city. 1989165438+10, Huangyan City (county-level city) was established with the approval of the State Council. 165438+February, 1994, Taizhou was reclaimed to set up a city, and Huangyan was reclaimed to set up a district (county level). Xia Liang, Fengjiang, Tongyu, Huanglang, Luo Yang and other towns and towns with developed economy in the eastern coastal areas under its jurisdiction are designated as luqiao district, which is also the main urban area of Taizhou. Since then, the original Huangyan County has been divided into three parts (Huangyan, Jiaojiang and Luqiao) and has become the urban area of Taizhou. After the division, Huangyan has a total population of 567,300 and an area of 988 square kilometers.
Huangyan has a long history. Known as "Little Zou Lu" since ancient times, it has a history of "eighteen families" and has produced a large number of outstanding men and women such as poet Dai Fugu and literary historian Tao. Since modern times, there have been many talented people, including eight academicians such as Chen Fangyun and Luo Zongluo, one of the founders of plant physiology in China, and Chen Shuliang, a revolutionary and artist. There are many cultural relics in China, and there are five provincial-level cultural protection units, including the site of Shabuqing Porcelain Kiln in the Five Dynasties, Ruilong Induction Tower built in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yan Rui Jingtu Temple Tower, Wudong Bridge and Confucius Temple, as well as the "Second Cave of Taoism" in Wei Yushan, Yan Rui Temple in Zuting, Cao Dongzong, and Zhu Xi Lecture Hall in Cuiping Mountain. There are more than 8,000 cultural relics in the museum, including 85 national first-class cultural relics, ranking among the top counties and cities in the province. Five rare books of ancient books were selected into the first batch of national precious ancient books list, and Huangyan Fanquan bamboo carving was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list. Because it is rich in "Huangyan Tangerine" and "Dongkui Yangmei", it is well-known at home and abroad. Citrus was planted in the Three Kingdoms period as early as 1700 years ago. It is the ancestral home of the world's wide-peel citrus and Dongkui Yangmei, and has won the reputation of "the hometown of tangerines in China" and "the hometown of Dongkui Yangmei in China". Known as "the hometown of water bamboo in China" and "the hometown of purple bamboo medicine in China".
In Jiaojiang District, the estuary faces the sea in the east, Huangyan in the west and the sea in the north. The sea area is 600 square kilometers, Jiaojiang water area is 16.89 square kilometers and inland water area is 59.24 square kilometers. Jiaojiang region belongs to the northern part of the largest Huangwen Plain in eastern Zhejiang. The main landform type is coastal marine plain, accounting for 65% of the total land area. The rest are low hills, beaches and islands. It belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon region, and the climate is regulated by marine water bodies, which is milder and wetter than inland areas at the same latitude. Four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation, abundant heat, rain and heat in the same season, fresh summer and hot summer, no severe cold in winter. Jiaojiang divides its jurisdiction into Jiaobei water system and Jiaonan water system, with 82 main rivers with a total length of 359.24 kilometers. Except Jiaojiang natural river, most of the plain rivers are artificially dug, showing a pattern of vertical and horizontal longitude and latitude, convenient irrigation and a scene of a land of plenty in the south of the Yangtze River.
Ancient people lived in Jiaojiang Valley, engaged in primitive fishing and hunting in the foothills. The pre-Qin period was collectively called Yuedi, which belonged to the county in central Fujian. In 85 BC, that is, the second year of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhangjian established Hewlett-Packard County, which was also under the jurisdiction of East Dewey. It belongs to Huiji County and belongs to Yangzhou. The jurisdiction is roughly equivalent to Wenzhou, Taizhou and Chuzhou. During the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25~56 years), Hewlett-Packard County was changed to Zhang 'an County. In the first year of Yangjia (132), the peasant uprising army successfully conquered Zhang 'an, and the court ordered the southern Zhejiang counties to station troops for defense, which is the earliest record of local garrison in coastal areas in China history. As an important political, economic and cultural center in the southeast coast of Zhejiang, Zhang 'an has a prosperous port and a rich collection of people. Buddhist culture was introduced into China, and Guan Ding, one of the founders of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism in China, became a monk in Zhanganwu Temple. Zhao Gou moved from Zhoushan to Chang 'an and visited Qingxiu Temple in Fengshan. In addition, Li Qingzhao, a famous poetess in Song Dynasty, and Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, all visited Jiaojiang. In the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (1348), an uprising broke out in Fang Guozhen, Huangyan, and the rebels went in and out of the coastal area of Jiaojiang River, taking the lead in raising the anti-Yuan banner in the southeast. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522~ 1566), the Japanese invaders invaded for years. As a soldier, Qi Jiguang led Qi Jiajun to rescue several times and stationed in Haimen, and finally the troupe bandits were caught in the gang. Qi Jiguang Temple, located at the foot of the East Mountain, is one of the famous ancient architectural remains of the Anti-Japanese War, and it is also the most historic and humanistic monument in Jiaojiang. In the Qing Dynasty, the coastal economy recovered rapidly after the maritime ban was lifted in the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683). At that time, we set up a customs office in Jiazhi, and then moved to Haimen, which was called Taidaguan. And strengthen coastal defense construction, vigorously build water conservancy, build ponds and fill the sea, and develop coastal beach resources. From the middle of18th century, Jiazhi commercial port gradually became popular, and once formed the main distribution center of Fujian goods. At the same time, Taizhou Islands have been further developed, and Chen Da has become the most prosperous fishing and market town in the coastal islands of eastern Zhejiang, with more than 10,000 residents at most. In the late Qing Dynasty, haimen port was officially turned into a commercial port. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (19 10), the earliest San An Chuan wharf was established, and passenger and cargo routes from Jiaojiang to Shanghai, Ningbo and Wenzhou were opened, and various industries were established. After the completion of freight business, the market flourished and became the most prosperous port in Taizhou. To the Republic of China, hence the name little shanghai.