-Liu Xiang, Liu Yiqing and Liu Xie.
Liu Xiangchuan's heart is guilty.
In a poem, Du Fu wrote these two sentences: "Kuang Heng is not good at fighting, and Liu Xiangchuan has a bad heart."
Liu Xiang, everyone seems to be no stranger. He was a Confucian scholar, bibliographer and writer in the Western Han Dynasty.
However, few people understand what kind of experience Liu Xiang had, which made him stubbornly wait for his ideal regardless of his sufferings, and eagerly looked forward to Du Fu in Chang 'an, giving such a deep sigh of help in the same boat.
Liu Xiang wanted to be a politician, but times forced him to be an academic.
Liu Xiang began to set foot in officialdom at the age of twelve, and he hated evil all his life. He is regarded as a thorn in the side of the authorities because he dares to fight against the consorts and eunuchs who play politics. Despite repeated setbacks, Liu Xiang remained indomitable. He went to prison three times and was finally abandoned as an ordinary person. He spent more than ten years in poverty.
Du Fu lamented Liu Xiang's ill-fated life, but he was actually lamenting himself. But he doesn't understand that there are many politicians in the world in the past, present and future. Without any one, history will not stagnate. The article says, "It is a great cause of founding a country and an immortal event." The country is lucky to have one less politician and one more master of culture and art in the world. The root of Du Fu's exclamation lies in: At that time, the only criterion for testing people's value was not art, but fame!
He was repeatedly frustrated in politics, but turned to the literary world, where he finally left a shining name. In this regard, it is impossible to know whether Liu Xiang is glad of his choice. However, he organized a number of books in the general school, which initiated bibliography and proofreading in China. It is an indisputable fact that his works have become the only scholar in the cultural history of Han Dynasty who can compete with Sima Qian in academic status and be admired by future generations.
When Han became emperor, Liu Xiang was ordered to review and sort out the mountains of ancient books before Qin Dynasty. The full text of the narrative is compiled into 20 volumes of Bielu. This is the first problem-solving bibliography in the world, and it is also the pioneering work of ancient bibliography in China.
Liu Xiang was also one of the representative writers in the late Western Han Dynasty. His prose is profound in meaning, simple in writing and approachable, and his enthusiasm for saving the disadvantages of the times is revealed in his soothing narrative.
On the basis of predecessors, the works of Chu people Qu Yuan and Song Yu and Jia Yi's imitation works in Han Dynasty were compiled into a collection of poems in the style of Chu Ci. Qu Yuan's name and his works are now well-known all over the world, to which Liu Xiang contributed.
Liu Xiang compiled and edited the Warring States Policy according to the history books of the Warring States Period, and the theory of "Warring States Policy" came from this, which is a great contribution of Liu Xiang to history.
Even if a person can achieve one of Liu Xiang's many achievements, he should go down in history. Liu's achievements, in the academic history, can be called Mount Tai and Kunlun, which come down in one continuous line. However, his experience is embarrassing. Everyone knows Sima Qian, even Sima Xiangru. How many people are familiar with Liu Xiang? Why did history underestimate Liu Xiang? Who knows?
The greatness hidden in North Korea.
Liu Yiqing is a sovereign country. He was the nephew of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi and was named King Linchuan. In the minds of most people in China, "Wang Ye" is almost a derogatory term. Because when it comes to the sovereign, people first think of these words: fighting cocks and running dogs, debauchery and dogs and horses. Therefore, most "princes" are equivalent to assholes.
Sovereign Liu Yiqing is just the opposite. He is clever and knowledgeable. The princes have both ability and trouble: because Jiangshan is their own country, maybe one day the crown will suddenly hit them. It is precisely because of this possibility that princes are busy loving this dream. Once this dream is guessed by his man, he will try to cater to you and encourage you. Therefore, the monarch is often a thorn in the emperor's side. Therefore, the monarch's position is not only prominent, but also full of danger.
On the contrary, Liu Yiqing, the monarch, is a "simple sex, addicted to literature and meaning", indifferent and aloof.
It seems that he was not born "self-motivated", but his uncle Liu Yu initiated the practice of usurping power and killing people, which made the royal family kill each other. Therefore, Liu Yiqing was also afraid of accidents, so he thought of "detachment" and "leisure".
But because of his outstanding performance among kings, he won the trust of Song Wudi and Song Wendi and was highly valued. Along the way, I have reached the top. At the age of 27, he was promoted to the servant of Shangshu (equivalent to the deputy prime minister), and he was a very important minister. However, it seems that he can't stand the feeling of "being too cold". At the age of 29, he begged for diversion and dismissed Zuopu Society.
After serving as the secretariat of Jiangzhou, at the age of 38, he began to compile Shi Shuo Xin Yu, a collection of novels about local people. This book records anecdotes from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although it is a few words, the content is very rich, which widely reflects the lifestyle, mental outlook and atmosphere of speaking freely and celebrating the birthday of the gentry in this period. This book has a far-reaching influence on the development of later note novels, and there are countless works written after imitating this book, which are self-contained in ancient novels. Many stories in the book have become the material of later dramas and novels, or are commonly used allusions in later poems. For example, Guan Hanqing's zaju "Yu Jing Tai" and Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" often draw materials from it, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature. Mr. Lu Xun called it "a textbook for celebrities".
How to evaluate the status of this novel seems to have been decided by predecessors. But what I want to say is, if we look at the history of China's novels, its contribution to the establishment of the system in the development of China's short stories, and its ability to outline delicate and vivid characters in a few words, we can't help but marvel.
But Shi Shuo Xin Yu doesn't seem to be popular in the history of literature.
In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Liu Yiqing argues that the best attitude of literati towards life is "seclusion" or "seclusion". But as a monarch, especially a monarch deeply appreciated by the emperor, how can he avoid the power center and be noisy and prosperous? Liu Yiqing is almost "hiding in North Korea". He is in a busy city, and his heart is outside the dust.
Fortunately, there is no fame and fortune.
Liu Xie made the world remember him in a very different way.
Liu Xie once said that when he was seven years old, he dreamed of a colorful auspicious cloud as beautiful as brocade, so he "climbed up and picked it". Obviously, he said he had no ambition. But unfortunately, when Liu Xie was 8 years old, his father died. Accompanied by his mother, Liu Xie studied hard and determined that "Wen must be in the army and the burden must be in Liang Dong;" If you are poor, you will write well, and if you are good, you will be hired. " Because of his poor family, he and his mother lived alone. Unfortunately, his mother died of overwork when he was twenty. After three years of mourning for his mother, Liu Xie was beyond the customary age of marriage, and he could not marry because of poverty, so he never married. In the eighth year of Yongming (490), Emperor Wu of Qi issued a letter, and under the rank of minister, each offered his knowledge and ability. This made depressed Liu Xie see a glimmer of hope, so he left his hometown with the wish of being recommended and ran between relatives and friends in Jiankang City. But the vast sea of people, who would recommend an orphan?
Unaccompanied, Liu Xie finally stepped into the famous temple of Zhongshan Temple and took refuge in the tour of Dade monks at that time. Liu Xie thinks that Ding Lin Temple is a place to go, where you can have a place to study and eat, and you can also avoid service. Kim may have a chance to meet dignitaries or Bole. After living in a monastery for more than ten years, he just worked as a helper in the monastery, helping with school classics and doing some chores. The temple did not make Liu Xie a Buddhist. Because Liu Xie was deeply influenced by his Confucianism since he was a child, he longed for fame. Therefore, although he lives in Buddhism, he is interested in being an official and becoming famous and married, which makes him unable to be satisfied with the status quo.
It is said that when Liu Xie was thirty years old, he had another dream, in which he followed Confucius to the south with a red ritual vessel in his hand. Liu Xie, who lives in a Buddhist temple, dreamed of Confucius, indicating that he didn't want to become a monk, but just wanted to make contributions.
However, a "handyman" of a temple, a humble grass root, was dragged to the bustling official career by no one in the Northern and Southern Dynasties when the gate system prevailed, no matter how profound his knowledge and reputation were. Liu Xie is sober and detached. He is not bound by official career. "Fortunately, there is no fame and fortune." Instead, calm down and engage in academic discussions.
The ancients said: "There is virtue in the world, followed by merit, followed by insight." The so-called "three immortals" can become immortals if they can live in one. Therefore, Liu Xie set his eyes on "making a statement" and decided to write a unique "paper". After four years of hard work, Liu Xie added a brilliant chapter to China culture in Ding Lin Temple-Wen Xin Diao Long. It means that writing articles must be carefully carved, just like carving dragon patterns, in order to create beautiful works.
"Wen Xin Diao Long" has made remarkable progress on many issues related to literary creation, literary history and literary criticism, and put forward quite systematic and innovative opinions on the basis of summing up previous experience, which has become an unprecedented summary of ancient Chinese literary theory, with a huge space, thoughtful style and unique features, and has become a wonderful work of ancient and modern styles.
After this book was written, it was circulated among scholars, but it was not paid attention to by the times. However, Liu Xie knows the academic value of his book. So I decided to take Shen Yue, the literary leader. Because of Shen Yue's high reputation, Liu Xie has no reason to be complacent. So he put the book on his back, pretended to be a peddler, and waited for him on the way to and from Shen Yue. When Shen Yue's vehicle arrived, he submitted the book, and Shen Yue ordered his servant to take it for a trial reading. Shen Yue was moved by this article, thinking that this book is profound in arts and sciences, and several cases of Royal Guards should be studied at any time.
Today, there are too few people like Shen Yue. We don't blame the present, only the present. Wen Xin Diao Long is too profound.