The Ming and Qing dynasties were in the late feudal society. Ancient military thoughts were constantly summarized and innovated during this period, and the compilation of military books reached the most prosperous stage. The high frequency and large scale of wars in the Ming and Qing dynasties accumulated rich experience for the innovation of military thinking. Among the large and small wars in this period, there were wars related to the change of dynasties, such as the war to destroy the Ming Dynasty by Nurhaci and Dorsei; there were wars against foreigners, such as the Anti-Japanese War in the Ming Dynasty and Zheng Chenggong's battle to regain Taiwan, and the Yaksa war in the Qing Dynasty. war and the Opium War, etc.; there were domestic unification wars, such as the Ming Dynasty's battle to conquer Xia and Shu, the Ming Dynasty's battle to conquer Yunnan, the Qing Dynasty's pacification of the Three Feuds Rebellion, the Qing Dynasty's battle with the Junggar tribe, etc. Peasant wars included the Li Zicheng Uprising and the Taiping Rebellion. Frequent wars have provided new materials for the progress of military science, especially the improvement of weapons and changes in arms types, which have also put forward new requirements for the development of military thinking. The weapons and equipment during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were more sophisticated than those of the previous generation. Firearms were improved and their lethality was greatly increased. Their types continued to increase and they gradually occupied an important position on the battlefield. The update of weapons has caused many changes in army organization, logistics supply, strategy and tactics, and combat command. New arms such as artillery, musketeers, and engineers have also appeared in the army. In this case, in order to adapt to the new type of warfare, the Ming and Qing dynasties' military thinking was innovative based on summarizing the achievements of their predecessors. A number of military books on firearms, gunpowder, new tactics, and new military systems came into being. This resulted in a situation in which there were a wide variety of military books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and a sudden increase in quantity. According to relevant bibliographic records, there are more than 2,000 kinds of military books produced in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and 1,059 kinds still exist today. These military books reflect the popularization and improvement of military thinking and military knowledge during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.