There is only one truly recorded case about Bao Zheng in history, which is one thing he encountered when he was a county magistrate in Tianchang County: a rogue sued a farmer to the county government, and Bao Zheng said to the farmer, "Go home and kill the cattle, keep some for yourself and take the rest to the market to sell." According to the laws of the Song Dynasty at that time, it was illegal for people to kill cattle privately, but with the permission of the princess, the farmer really killed the cattle when he got home. The next day, the farmer who killed cattle in Bao Zheng was accused. Instead, he detained the complainant and asked angrily, "Why did you cut off the tongue of his cow?" The man was panicked by this sudden question and had to confess truthfully. The gangster never imagined that this was Bao Zheng's trick to lure the snake out of the hole. After receiving the report that the cow tongue was cut, Bao Zheng immediately realized that there must be an enemy who deliberately framed the farmer.
If a farmer kills a cow, it will violate the law, and the enemy will definitely report it further. So Bao Zheng told the farmer to go home and kill the cow, so as to lure the tongue cutter to complain. This plan is really clever. This incident shows Bao Zheng's wit.
Of course, Bao Zheng didn't just solve this last case in history. Unfortunately, there are no other cases recorded in the history books. Bao Zheng is a man, not a god. He can't always see everything. He just made a mistake. He was fooled. According to historical records, when he was appointed as the magistrate of Kaifeng, a person broke the law and should stick his spine according to the law. So the prisoner bribed the beadle around Bao Zheng. Knowing Bao Zheng's character very well, the petty official said to the criminal, "When you see Bao Gong tomorrow, he will definitely hand it over to me for interrogation first. If nothing else, just shout out to defend yourself. I have my own way. " The next day, the criminal came to see Bao Zheng, and Bao Zheng really ordered the beadle to interrogate him. According to the tips of the petty officials, the criminals just cried out grievances and defended themselves. The little official deliberately pretended to be overbearing and shouted at the car: "Cut the crap and give me an honest stick!" " "Bao Zheng hate bullying the weak in his life. Now he can't help being furious when he sees how cruel the petty officials are. He hit the petty official with a stick of 17 on the spot, but he was lenient with the criminals. Bao Zheng did this to suppress the arrogance of the beadle, but he was cheated by the beadle and sold by him.
The legendary Bao Zheng was born a "bright black" child, abandoned by his parents. Fortunately, my brother and sister-in-law loved me, raised him and hired a mentor to make him famous. This is also unrealistic. In fact, Bao Zheng was deeply loved and nurtured by his parents in his childhood and adolescence. Bao Zheng is also extremely filial to his parents when he grows up, so the history books say that he "knows his hometown because he is filial." Because of filial piety to his parents, he resigned from his post and returned to his hometown to support the elderly after he was a scholar at the age of 29. Bao Zheng didn't go out to be an official until he died for his parents and kept the system for a long time. He served as the magistrate of Tianchang County, and later as the magistrate of Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Duanzhou produced a kind of inkstone, Duanyan, as a tribute to the court. Due to a large number of corrupt officials, the number of tribute inkstones is increasing every year, which makes the people uncomfortable. After Bao Zheng took office, he ordered that only a specified amount of tribute should be paid, and no official should be overweight or corrupt, so as to sweep away past greed and reduce the burden on the people. Bao Zheng himself didn't even take Guangdong Province with him when he left office.
Bao Zheng's honesty and selflessness are appreciated by people. In the third year of Li Qing (A.D. 1043), Bao Zheng was transferred to Beijing as an imperial adviser. Although it didn't have much real power, Bao Zheng was able to do his duty and put forward many criticisms and suggestions on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Song Dynasty. Three years later, Bao Zheng was transferred as a judge of the third division of household administration to assist the third division in charge of national household registration and taxation. He used to be a transshipment ambassador in JD.COM, Hebei and Shaanxi, and was responsible for financial and supervisory affairs along the way (equivalent to later provinces). He did a good job, so he was promoted to deputy ambassador of the Ministry of Housing two years later.
In the second year of Emperor Hu Han (A.D. 1050), Bao Zheng was promoted to Tianzhangge, where he wanted to be disciplined and remonstrated. Tianzhangge is a place to store imperial books and documents, and the title to be done is nominal, powerless and powerless. Bao Zheng, also known as the "contract system", came from this. Knowing how to remonstrate with the imperial court, that is, concurrently serving as an remonstrator, is a very important position, which can point out all kinds of disadvantages of state affairs. In this post, he repeatedly criticized the lawless minister and made various criticisms and suggestions on current politics. However, Bao Zheng didn't work in this position for a long time. Two years later, Bao Zheng changed its name to Bachelor of Longtuge, which is the royal "Book Archives", which is also the origin of the title of Baolongtu. Longtuge bachelor's degree is in name only. With this false title, Bao Zheng successively served as local officials in Hebei, Luzhou, Chizhou and Jiangning. It was more than ten years before he returned to Beijing and became the magistrate of Kaifeng. After only three years in Kaifeng, he was promoted to the third secretary. In the second year, he was promoted to third secretary and deputy envoy, equivalent to deputy prime minister. Legend has it that Bao Zheng is a prime minister, even a prime minister. People call him "Master of Elephants", which is probably an exaggeration. In fact, Bao Zheng has never been a prime minister.
At this time, however, Bao Zheng is an old man over sixty. Two years later, Bao Zheng died in Kaifeng. Before his death, Injong also visited Bao Zheng House. After Bao Zheng's death, Song Dynasty ratified him as the history of the Ministry of Rites, and posthumous title was "filial". So people also call it "Bao".
Bao Zheng, no matter where it is, can indeed be fearless of power. He is most loved by the people in Kaifeng. Because in this position, he often directly deals with folk affairs. According to historical records, during his tenure as Kaifeng magistrate, two things stood out:
First of all, it simplifies the procedure for people to complain. At that time, although the court formulated a series of legal systems, it was still difficult for a common people to complain. Not only are there many formalities, but there is no chance to meet the chief executive at all, which creates conditions for those corrupt officials to cheat. After Bao Zheng took office in Kaifeng, he made a new rule: open the main entrance of the official office, and those who have complaints can go in directly to see the official and state the case face to face, and no one can make things difficult. This reform is welcomed by the people.
The second is to dredge the Huimin River. There is a Huimin River in Kaifeng City. On both sides of the river, there are houses of ordinary people and houses of dignitaries. One year, it rained heavily and the river flooded the streets, making many civilians homeless. After investigation, Bao Zheng found that the river flooded because it was blocked. The reason for this is that some dignitaries built dikes and dams on the river, took the water in the dam for themselves, planted flowers and raised fish, and connected them with their houses to build a water garden. To dredge the river, it is necessary to tear down the dam and flush the water garden. Despite the opposition of dignitaries, Bao Zheng resolutely ordered the demolition of all dams and gardens. Although powerful people later sued Injong, but because Bao Zheng was completely right, Injong had to keep his mouth shut.
It is precisely because Bao Zheng dares to be democratic and not afraid of powerful people that there is a folk song circulating in Beijing: "The joints are not enough, and there are Yamaraja Bao Lao." It means it doesn't matter if people can't get through the joints, because Bao Zheng is our boss.
However, after all, Bao Zheng's strength is limited, and it is not as magical as the legend. With the three "steel spears" given by the emperor, he can "act first and then act". Because the laws of the Song Dynasty at that time stipulated that the local authorities had no right to make judgments on criminals sentenced to exile and death, and they had to report to the central authorities for approval before they could execute them. No one, including Bao Zheng, has the right of "preemptive strike". Bao Zheng has never had the so-called three "steel spears" with boundless authority. Moreover, there were only two ways to execute the death penalty in Song Dynasty: beheading and strangulation. Although there is a "year of the year" (that is, 1000 yuan), this is a very rare exception.
The real Bao Zheng in history is really selfless and strict with his family after he became an official. He once wrote a "family motto" engraved on the wall of his house: "descendants of teachers and officials who have committed crimes are not allowed to return to their homes; After his death, he should not be buried in a big coffin. Not from my ambition, not from my descendants. " An official who pays bribes may not be buried in Jiabao's ancestral grave after his death. So it is not surprising that Bao Zheng has always been regarded as an upright official idol in people's minds.
There is a name that will remain immortal in the history of China. This is Bao Zheng, honest and clean, admired by the world. In the Song Dynasty, he was called "Bao Qingtian", to rectify the bureaucracy, punish corrupt officials and ease people's difficulties. Later generations respectfully called him Bao Gong. Bao Gong was born in Hefei and became famous in Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing) and Kaifeng. Today, however, most stories about Bao Gong come from Kaifeng. Few people know the historical origin of Bao Gong and Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province-Bao Gong went to Duanzhou as the chief executive in A.D. 1040, when he was 42 years old. It was his first time as a state-level chief executive.
Princess Bao has been in the DPRK for three years and her political voice is remarkable. According to local conditions, he created the embryonic form of Sangji fish pond agriculture in the Pearl River Delta. He founded the first transportation and postal hub in Duanzhou and the first public school in Duanzhou. He built a huge barn to store food and prepare for the famine-Fengjicang. These major events are Bao Gong's planning and contribution to Duanzhou becoming the political, economic, cultural and educational center of the middle and lower reaches of Xijiang River. During her reign in Duanzhou, Princess Bao also promoted the prosperity of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities and strengthened the relationship between the central and local governments.
The most popular saying in Duanzhou is that Bao Gong "returns to his hometown without lifting the inkstone". At that time, the inkstone produced in Duanzhou was very precious, and it was given to the emperor as a tribute, and limited mining was carried out. In the past, local officials in Duanzhou plundered the people in the name of "tribute", but when Bao Gong left Duanzhou, he didn't come back with an inkstone, which became a story for thousands of years and later evolved into a beautiful legend.
Bao Gong not only made outstanding achievements in Duanzhou, but also left some precious cultural heritages. Among them, the inscription of Qixingyan is the only handwriting left by Bao Zheng, which is precious.
All these have formed a unique "Bao Gong culture". Bao Gong culture is not only an important part of Song culture, but also of great value in the study of Song history. It also occupies an important position in the historical development of Lingnan and has become a treasure in Guangdong's rich historical and cultural heritage.
Although it has a splendid and rich historical and cultural heritage, Zhaoqing has not been fully utilized for a long time. Zhang Dejiang, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the provincial party committee, pointed out many times that Bao Zheng/KLOC-0 was famous all over the world in Kaifeng for three months and served as an official in Zhaoqing for three years, but little was known. Today, when building a cultural province, Zhaoqing clearly put forward the strategy of building a famous cultural city with "Baogong culture" as the breakthrough point. Zhaoqing is making great efforts to develop Yanzhou Island and Duanyan culture related to Baogong culture, restore Baogong's official residence, publish the book "Baogong prospers Duanzhou", create and shoot the TV series "Baogong Duanzhou Legend", and jointly develop Baogong cultural tourism routes with Kaifeng and Hefei, and so on. It is believed that polishing the brand of "Bao Gong Culture" will write a glorious page for the construction of a cultural province in Guangdong.
The reporter witnessed
The breeze of Yanzhu can still be seen everywhere in Baogong.
In the drizzle, kapok began to fall along the way, and the reporter and his party came to Zhaoqing. We stepped on the place where Bao Gong came to power nearly 1000 years ago. We visited Bao Gong Temple, Bao Gong Jing, Lou, Fu Ya and Yanzhou Island to find the remains of Bao Gong's rule in Duanzhou. "Pure heart is the foundation, and the right path is the plan." The poetic sentiment that surged in Bao Zheng's heart in those years is equally meaningful today.
Memorial Temple of Lord Bao
The loyalty and blessings of the Qing Dynasty are the heritage of Duanzhou integrity.
The towering Baogong Temple stands out against the surrounding villages. Towering archways, unique mountain gates, majestic halls and affiliated halls, pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, corridors and wells are integrated into one, revealing simplicity, elegance and solemnity, with a little charm of Lingnan ancient buildings.
Stepping into the main hall, I saw a golden statue of Bao Gong sitting in the middle, majestic and dignified, surrounded by four tigers generals, ready to show their heroic spirit. In the annex halls on both sides, there are several murals about Bao Gong's "Dan Xin Zhi Ming, digging wells to eliminate diseases, building dikes and roads, starting schools and revenging the people" in Duanzhou, which records Bao Gong's achievements in Zhaoqing.
According to the person in charge of Zhaoqing Cultural Bureau, this Baogong Temple has been rebuilt in the new millennium and has become a place to cherish the "blue sky", place grief and pray for peace.
Baogong Temple displays poems and couplets praised by later generations, and cultural and artistic activities related to Baogong are also held here.
Yanzhou island
Wise and upright, all people admire and praise Qingtian Weide's incorruptibility.
Yanzhou Island is located in the east of Zhaoqing City, with Antelope Gorge in the middle of the lower reaches of Xijiang River, covering an area of 6 square kilometers. In recent years, tourism has been developed here, and "Yanzhou seaside resort" has been developed. The resort has nearly 2 square kilometers of river beach and picturesque scenery. The sand is shining on the beach and the green trees are dancing. Looking at the Antelope Gorge in the west, the blue waves are boundless and the water is long, which reminds people of the fairy tale of Yanzhou.
It is said that when Bao Gong left office, men, women and children from Duanzhou came to the dock to see him off. Some celebrities and nobles brought gifts, all of which were declined by Bao Gong. The official ship untied the cable and descended along the Xijiang River in a great acclaim, and soon reached the Antelope Gorge. Originally, it was sunny and sunny, but at this moment, the wind and cloud suddenly changed, the dark clouds rolled and the turbid waves vacated. Bao Gong felt that something was wrong, so he ordered his family Bao Xing to call his entourage for questioning. Buddhist nun, a believer, suddenly knelt down and said, "My Lord, I forgot to tell you something. Before I left Duanzhou, Mr. Xu Letian specially sent an inkstone to my adult. I didn't report it because I thought it was a trivial matter. I gave it to my master privately, and now I put it on the boat. " Hearing this, Bao Gong immediately ordered buddhist nun to take out the inkstone as soon as possible. It turned out to be a good inkstone covered with yellow cloth and carved with dragons and phoenixes. As soon as Bao Gong got the inkstone, he immediately threw it into the river. Strange to say, when the inkstone fell into the river, it was calm and the clouds opened the sunrise. Subsequently, a sandbar rose where Duanyan sank. The yellow cloth wrapped around the inkstone fell into the water and went down the river. It was yellow, and later it became a beach. This is the legendary "Yanzhou" and "Huangbusha".
Bao Gong's theory of "not holding the inkstone back" was in the history of Song Dynasty? It is recorded in Biography of Bao Zheng.
Baogong building
The building with fresh air is three stories high, 100 feet high. There are such storms in the world, and there are no inkstones among them.
Baogong Building is located in the east of Yanzhou Island. On the vast fields, the buildings are magnificent. Baogong Building was built in the 14th year of Qing Daoguang. It was built by people from all over the European continent. Formerly known as "Baogong Temple", it has three floors and is a quadrangle-style building, surrounded by walls and planted with wood. After seven years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the original building was changed from three floors to two floors. Later, due to wind and frost erosion, it was destroyed by typhoon in 1984.
The newly-built Baogong Building was completed on 1990, and Yanzhou Management District invested more than 3 million yuan to expand it on 1995. When you step into the Baogong Building, the first entrance is the Smile Pavilion, and the release pond is in front. The second entrance is the gate, and there are three big characters "Baogong Building" on the banner. Passing through the archway, there are the main building of Baogong Building, Haoran Pavilion, North-South Corridor, Courtyard, Pagoda and Wuyi Bridge. And couplets, plaques, bells and drums, shrines, incense tables, palace lanterns and other furnishings are readily available. In the center of the lobby on the first floor, there is an icon of Bao Gong, whose dignified expression is awe-inspiring.
Baogongjing
How can a river be as clear as a well? Dig a hole and help the people who help FOSS.
In the corner of an unfinished dormitory construction site in Zhaoqing, we found a Baogong well surrounded by a lime wall. An old man passing by told us that the city sent someone to build this small lime room because he was worried that debris from the construction site would pollute the well water. The traces of the wellhead being strangled by the well rope for many years vaguely reveal the breath of history.
When Bao Zheng visited Duanzhou that year, floods and boils were rampant, and residents often caused epidemics by drinking Xijiang and Lihu water. Bao Gong paid close attention to this until he was inspired when he visited Huineng Well. Later, seven wells were dug according to the shape of the Big Dipper. The well we saw is one of the only two remaining in Baogong's 7 wells. Although very old, the well water is still clear and sweet.
According to the article "Well Water" in Zhang Qu's Records of Guangdong and Guangxi in Qing Dynasty, "There were seven wells in Zhaoqing, which were dug by Bao Gong when he was guarding the county. Five inside and two outside, such as seven stars. " But now, there are only seven "Baogong Wells" left: Longdinggang Well and one well in the dormitory compound of Gaoyao Municipal Committee in Micang Lane. According to records, "all ministries need to be fully staffed every day, and they can hire husbands to transport boats and travel back and forth on poor days. The commentator said that the deep stream will consume people's health. It is better to manage the old well in Longgang, which will bring greater benefits and save money. " It can be seen that Baogong well is important to people's livelihood in history. In many historical records, it is recorded that Bao Gong's well water is "sweet", "food is safe" and "Duanzhou people have salt happiness".
Bao gong fu ya
Xing Yanlang Yaoguangshan Zhu Haiyan Qingfeng Broadcasting Ancient and Modern
The Song City Wall of Zhaoqing still stands after thousands of years of wind and frost. In the whole country, there is no other place except the Song City Wall in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. In the center of the ancient city, we saw the beautiful tower dedicated to the imperial book of Song Huizong, and the imperial book "Zhaoqing House" was written in three thin golden characters. Looking around, many residential buildings are buried with traces of ancient Song Cheng. The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing behind us is the place where Bao Gong worked-Bao Gong Fu Ya.
According to historical records, Baogong Mansion was built in the first year of Kangding (A.D. 1040), with more than 10 buildings, forming a unique garden complex with Lingnan characteristics. There is a big hall in the middle, a pillow study in the west, a pure heart hall in the east, surrounded by Xiangkui Hall, Tang Jie, Jingjian Hall, Shuangrui Hall, Qiushuangtang Hall and Zhaisheng Hall. There is a chrysanthemum garden on the west side of the hall. After more than 65,438+00 steps, you can see the porch. The soil in front of the porch is a mountain and the stone is the foundation. The book list says, "rotten Kedongtian", with Baogong well on the left and Xiyan Lake on the northwest. Now, these have long been forgotten by the years, but the poem "Zhaijun Wall in Shuduanzhou" written by Bao Zheng on the wall of the central hall of the yamen still makes us feel the high spirits of Bao Gong:
Pure heart is the foundation, and the right path is the plan.
Show dry eventually becomes a building, fine steel don't make a hook.
Cang chong Yan que le, grass full of rabbits and foxes.
If you have an inheritance, don't be ashamed.
In the first year of Kangding, 42-year-old Bao Zheng studied Duanzhou from Tianchang County, Yangzhou. Bao Zheng became a state governor for the first time and entered a mature stage politically. He knew it was difficult to be an official, and it was not easy to worry about the government and the people, so he clearly put forward his own purpose of governing the country, which became his policy agenda and political criterion for being an official all his life. At the beginning of his official career, he declared that "a pure heart, go straight to the right path", which shows his great ambition. He has been practicing this declaration all his life. This poem "Zhaijun Wall in Shuduanzhou" is the only poem that Bao Gong only exists in the history books and spreads to later generations, which shows the indissoluble bond between Bao Gong and Duanzhou.
In the near future, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing will be relocated, and the Bao Zheng Municipal Government will restore the original site, highlighting the landscape effect of Piyun Building and Lijie Building, and reappearing the elegant demeanor of Bao Gong when he was in power.
Bao Gong's Life and Contribution
Bao Zheng (999- 1062) was born in Hefei, Anhui. 29-year-old Jinshi, awarded Dali Review for the first time. In the first year of Song Kangding (A.D. 1040), it was transferred to Duanzhou by the order of Tianchang County for three years. In the fourth year (A.D. 1052), he served as a straight bachelor of Longtuge, named Baolongtu; In the first year of Jiayou (A.D. 1056), he was appointed as the magistrate of Kaifeng. Later, he served as the official deputy envoy of Beijing. In the seventh year of Jiayou (A.D. 1062), he died at the age of 64. After death, posthumously awarded the Book of Rites.
Bao Zheng has been in charge of Duanzhou for three years and achieved remarkable results.
Controlling floods for the benefit of the people: Xijiang River was flooded frequently in Song Dynasty. During the flood season, Duanzhou suburb becomes Zeguo. After Bao Zheng came to power, he followed the example of his predecessors and built Xijiang levees in the west and east of the city, which merged with the city wall and blocked the Xijiang River, the main river in the south of the city. At the same time, guide the masses to open ditches and dig ponds in the suburbs, transform Lihu Lake (now called Xinghu Lake), drain waterlogging, build fish ponds, reclaim wasteland and develop agricultural production. Seven wells were drilled in the city, which changed the residents' habit of drinking Xijiang River or Lishui Lake for many years and reduced the incidence of diseases.
Running a school by storing grain for famine relief: build abundant warehouses between Zhongya Lane and Mi Lane in this city to store grain for famine relief. In order to commemorate the establishment of granary in Bao Zheng, Duanzhou people named the location of Fengjicang as "Micang Lane", which has been in use ever since. Baoditai Xing Yan Academy is the first public school in Duanzhou history.
Clean and noble in politics: the legendary "returning without holding an inkstone" is convincing enough.