As early as the Qin dynasty, there were already gold rooms and stone rooms in the court to preserve cultural relics and ancient books. The Western Han Dynasty inherited the royal library of the Qin Dynasty, and established the collection places of ancient books such as Shiqu Pavilion, Tianlu Pavilion and Qilin Pavilion. Among them, Shiqu Pavilion, located in the north of Weiyang Palace Hall, was built by Xiao He, and Qinku was acquired by Tibet. Under the stone canal pavilion, the stone is the diversion canal, named after the pavilion. In addition, Xiao He also built Tianlu Pavilion and Qilin Pavilion to hide secretaries and talents, where Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong successively proofread books. The famous collections in the Forbidden City in the Eastern Han Dynasty are Lantai and Dongguan. Among them, the palace books collected by Lantai are in the charge of Shi Yuzhong. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is divided into Nangong and Gong Bei. Dongguan, located in Nangong, is an important library in the Eastern Han Dynasty and a cultural center for ministers to write books. The palace books in the early Han Dynasty were mainly the opinions of various schools, especially the books on military, criminal, legal and Confucian schools, laws and regulations.
The Secret Pavilion, Confucian Temple and Jiaze Hall are the most famous places for the collection of books in the court of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang Di once ordered Confucian officials to make 50 copies of rare books in the secretary's cabinet, and then enter the secretary's cabinet after binding in the palace. Located in the Guanwen Temple in Luoyang Palace, there are stacks in the east and west wing, which are divided into various classics. Jiaze Hall in Chang 'an is rich in books. Emperor Yang Di ordered Confucian scholars to sort out books, delete duplicates and proofread them carefully, and finally obtained 37,000 volumes of exquisite ancient books.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, it received the old collections of the Sui Dynasty and established the collections of the Tang Dynasty. Founded in the middle Tang Dynasty, Jixian Temple Academy developed from the position of minister in charge of atlas in Sui Dynasty, and formed one of the most important royal collections in Tang Palace. In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 17), Confucian officials were ordered to write four books on classics, history, books and collections in the east wing of Gan Yuan Palace, so as to enrich the collection of imperial palace books. In the sixth year of Kaiyuan, Ganyuantang was changed to Lee Jung Soo Academy. In the 12th year of Kaiyuan, Li Zheng Academy was established outside Du Dongming's compound door. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan, Li Zheng Academy was changed to Jixian Temple Academy. By the 19th year of Kaiyuan, the collection of Jixian Temple Academy had reached 89,000 volumes, most of which were fine palace rare books, which were stored in four parts: classics, history, books and collections. There are many old palace books of Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Zhou and Sui dynasties, as well as old books of Zhenguan, Yonghui, Ganfeng and Xianheng.
◎ From Chongwen Academy to Zhang Kui Pavilion
During the reign of Song Taizu (960-1975), rare ancient books in the royal library of the former dynasty became the basis of the collection of books in the court of the Song Dynasty. Later, after receiving the books of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms courts and collecting the world's suicide notes, the number of books increased sharply. The palace books in the early Song Dynasty were concentrated in the former old palace and the three halls. At the beginning of Yu Jichu, Song Taizong, three pavilions were built on the original site of Zuoshenglongmen Northeast Old Car Academy. In the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (1978), it was officially named Chongwen Academy. Chongwen Academy has Zhao Wen stacks in the east, Jixian stacks in the south and history museum stacks in the west. Among them, the library of the history museum is subdivided into four libraries: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji. Zhao Wen, Ji Xian and Four Treasures of the Study, the historical museum, are collectively called the Six Treasures of Chongwen. There are more than 80,000 rare ancient books in Six Treasures.
Located in the west of Sheng Xing Palace, the main hall of Sheng Xing Palace in Yuan Dynasty, Zhangkuige is a famous royal library in Yuan Dynasty. It was built in the second year of Yuan Wenzong Tian Li (A.D. 1329). At that time, the purpose of setting up Kuizhangge was to make Confucian officials learn from the classics, and to make Wang Zhidao a better emperor. Kuizhangge has a rich collection of calligraphy and painting pictures. In addition, Chongwen Pavilion was also an important royal library in Yuan Dynasty.
◎ Wenyuan Pavilion and The Complete Book of Four Kus
The palace books of Ming Dynasty inherited the dynasties of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan. When Ming Taizu established the Forbidden City with Nanjing as its capital, it set up the Wen Yuan Pavilion, which received the collections of royal libraries such as Zhang Kui Pavilion and Chongwen Pavilion in Yuan Dynasty. After Ming Chengzu moved the capital to Beijing and built the Forbidden City in Beijing, he rebuilt the Wen Yuan Pavilion in Donghuamen and collected the precious ancient books of Nanjing Wen Yuan Pavilion. Ming Chengzu ordered Confucian scholars to use the palace library to compile a large-scale book, formerly known as Literary Masterpiece. Later, seven or eight thousand books were widely used. In the sixth year of Yongle (A.D. 1408), it took five years to compile a book and changed its name to Yongle Dadian. There are 22,877 volumes of the whole book, including 60 volumes of general examples and contents, and 22,937 volumes of * *, which are packaged into 1 1095 volumes, with a word count of * * about 370 million. The book includes classics, history, philosophy, anthology, astronomy, geography, Yin and Yang, medical divination, monks, Taoism, skills and so on. There are quite a few lost cheats collected since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. During Jiajing and Qin Long years, another copy was originally kept in Nanjing, with the original in Wenyuan Pavilion and the copy in Huangshi Pavilion.
After the Qing dynasty entered the Central Plains, it completely accepted the books of the Ming court and was also the successor of the books of the imperial courts in previous dynasties. The collections of the Qing imperial palace were originally placed in the halls of Zhaoren, Yangxin, Jingfu, Gan Qing, Yuan Wen, Bathrooms and Huangshi. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to enter the Sikuquanshu, which was about to enter Tibet, the Wenyuan Pavilion was built in the former site of the Shengji Hall in the Ming Dynasty behind the Wenhua Hall, modeled on the Fantian Pavilion in Zhejiang.
In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (A.D. 1782), The Complete Book of Siku was completed, and the first book was revised and stored in Wenyuan Museum, with a total of 695 copies of 10. History Department 15, 563 Department; Sub-department 14 category, 930 departments; Five categories, 1, 282, * * * 3,470,79,000 volumes, packed into more than 36,000 volumes. The original book is in imperial academy. There are also six books in Yuanmingyuan Wenyuan Pavilion, Shengjing Wenshui Pavilion, Rehe Jinwen Pavilion, Zhenjiang Jinshan Wenzong Pavilion, Yangzhou Daguantang Wenhui Pavilion and Hangzhou West Lake Wen Lan Pavilion.