minister
This matter has to start with Qin Shihuang. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he practiced "burning books to bury Confucianism" with the law as his teaching and officials as his teacher. Except for the Legalists, most of the books in which a hundred schools of thought contend inevitably fall into the Qin fire, among which the Confucian classic Shangshu is of course born to die. In this case, Dr. Fu Sheng hid his history books in the wall of the house. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Fu Sheng got the book back, but most of the bamboo slips were damaged. After his arrangement, he finally got the complete 28 pieces, and he kept teaching his disciples in Qilu. This version of Shangshu is written in official script, so it is called Jinwen Shangshu.
Confucius
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Duke Lu found an older version of Shangshu in the ancient house of Confucius, which was written in the font of the pre-Qin dynasty, so it was called "the ancient prose Shangshu". After finishing by Kong Anguo, there are 44 ancient books. This ancient history is likely to be a fake book.
Confucian temple
By the time of the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, China suffered the second cultural crisis, and many documents disappeared in the turmoil, including the history of modern literature and ancient literature. After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Confucian Classics was widely sought after. In Zhang Yu, Shi Meiluan presented a book "The History of Ancient Literature". This version of Shangshu is the version of Shangshu that we see now, and this version of Shangshu has a big problem. First of all, there are 58 articles in this book, that is, the total number of 58 ancient prose mentioned by Liu Xiang and Zheng Xuan. This history book was quickly recognized by the government and then became a classic textbook. In the Tang Dynasty, Kong wrote Justice of the Five Classics, and some contents of Shangshu were based on this version.
But paper can't hold fire, and people began to doubt its authenticity in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Kun, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, made a formal textual research. After textual research by scholars Mei Kun, Mei Kun, Yan Ruoqu and Hui Dong in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was finally confirmed that the book was a fake book and was called "pseudo-ancient history". Especially in the three parts of the book, Yu Shu, Xia Shu and Shangshu, there is basically no historical evidence, and the characters described in them have no flaws, which is incredible.
However, many people still firmly believe that this version of Shangshu is not a fake book, but a classic, so the authenticity of Shangshu has not stopped after a thousand years of debate. In 2008, Tsinghua University got a batch of bamboo slips, and scholars collated and studied them at the rate of one series per year, and now eight series have been published. Many of the contents of these bamboo slips are from Shangshu and Yizhoushu in the Warring States Period, such as Yin Zhi, Yingu, Chenggu, Baoxun, Yellow Gate, Sacrifice to Qi Huangong, Jin Huan, Call on Destiny, Thick Father, Seal the Promise, etc.
Tsinghua bamboo slips
Judging from the contents of these chapters, Yizhoushu is more true, but today's Shangshu has many false places. For example, an article in Tsinghua bamboo slips, Taking Destiny, is a document of the Western Zhou Dynasty and a long-lost original of Destiny in Shangshu, which proves that Destiny in this edition of Shangshu is "pseudo-ancient prose". The wording of "learning from the scriptures" is quaint and rich in connotation, which is completely different from the content of the ancient Chinese prose "learning from the scriptures". Tang Ming, an ancient Chinese prose handed down from ancient times, is not only wrong in title, but also wrong in content.