During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Zhou royal family and other countries widely practiced funeral rites until Qin Shihuang thought that posthumous title was suspected of "discussing his father and ministers" and abolished it. Posthumous title was not restored until the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty.
In ancient China, the title of emperor was often associated with year number, posthumous title and temple number. For example, Emperor Gaozu is the temple number, Yang Di is posthumous title, and Qianlong is the year number. Generally speaking, posthumous title, the earliest emperor, used it more. Later, the names of temples also increased, but in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the titles were often more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
The kings of Xia and Shang Dynasties didn't have posthumous title. They often called them by their first names. Most of them use official names, such as Tai Jia, Kong Jia, Pan Geng and Di Xin. Whether this is the ranking or the year of birth, there are different opinions. Let's leave him alone. Posthumous title began to exist in the Zhou Dynasty, but Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang were not posthumous title, but claimed that King Mu of Zhao was posthumous title from the very beginning.
The so-called posthumous title is to make a general evaluation of a person's life in one or two words, which is a conclusion. Wu, Ming, Rui, Kang, Jing, Zhuang, Xuan and Yi are all good words, and they are mediocre people, such as Han and so on. The quality emperor, the rushing emperor and the young emperor often died early on the throne, while Li, Ling and Yi all have negative meanings, and mourning and thinking are not good words. In addition, Sun Quan is a special case, and his posthumous title is the emperor, which is unique in China.
Posthumous title starts this week. In addition to the emperor, governors and ministers also have posthumous title, but I am talking about the emperor here. Qin Shihuang thought that posthumous title was the son to discuss the father and the minister to discuss the king, so he abolished posthumous title. Since he is the first emperor, he wants to pass on the second, third and even infinite. Unfortunately, he only passed II. It was implemented again in the Han Dynasty. Posthumous title of all emperors has a word of filial piety, such as filial piety, filial piety, filial piety and filial piety. Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty made Cao Wei a national title after his death. He didn't have that name when he was emperor. In the literature and art of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was called Xian Di when he was emperor. That's nonsense. Does Xian Di know that he will offer the throne?
According to the ceremony of Zhou, there are seven temples of the son of heaven, that is, the son of heaven only respects seven generations of ancestors, but if there is a temple number, it will be passed down from generation to generation. If there is no temple name, it will be "destroyed by relatives" at a certain time, his temple will no longer be preserved, and his god will be attached to other temples. Temple names are the names of ancestors, ancestors and ancestors. Generally speaking, ancestors rank higher than ancestors. At first, not many emperors had temple names. For example, in the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was a great-grandfather, Liu Xiu was a great-grandfather, and there were no other temples. This ancestor, just like Europe honoring an emperor as the great, must have made special achievements, usually the founding emperor. However, there are also some who abuse seals. In the Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was Emperor Mao and Cao Pi was Emperor Wen. When Cao Rui was alive, he couldn't wait to call himself Zuming Emperor, and was laughed at by later generations.