Tracing back to the origin of China Kung Fu, it is proved from the records of ancient documents and the excavation of archaeological objects that in prehistoric times, in order to meet the needs of life and adapt to the living conditions of survival of the fittest in nature, people gradually learned to use boxing, kicking, tripping and grabbing. Moreover, in festivals or ceremonies in primitive society, there are often dry dances, martial arts dances, bow and arrow dances, spear dances, corner dances and other activities, all of which are a set of sports forms that combine fighting skills and movements. It is a kind of song and dance that shows the triumph and glory of martial arts, and it is also the earliest origin of "martial arts routines".
In addition, after the germination of private ownership, the war between tribes made the fighting technology develop continuously. Starting from the round carving of storage tools in the Western Han Dynasty, the scene of unarmed struggle was vividly displayed. In the fierce struggle for existence, it is required to have the winning offensive and defensive fighting skills, which can be consciously used after actual combat drills. This is the bud of kung fu.
China Kung Fu has different names in different periods, such as Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which are called "fist courage, handwriting, mutual height, wrestling"; During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was called martial arts, martial arts and hand warfare. In Qin and Han Dynasties, it was called Kung Fu, Jiao Di, Hu Wrestling, Hand Bo, Hand Style, Long Hand, etc. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were called Wushu, Wujiang, sumo and boxing. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, boxing is agile, trying to jump, fighting by hand, fighting and so on. In the Song Dynasty, it was called martial arts, martial arts, fighting, hand fighting, condom fighting, and gladiator. In the Ming dynasty, it was called beating in vain, boxing, boxing and so on. Qing dynasty called style, strength, boxing and martial arts; After the Republic of China, it was called martial arts, martial arts, martial arts, handle style, stereotyped writing, flat divination, kung fu and so on.
Although the above titles are different due to the differences of times, geographical environment and cultural background, some of them can only be found in ancient books, and generally do not appear frequently, but they all represent the evolution and positioning of China Kung Fu in history. Now our country is called martial arts, and the mainland is called martial arts. The most popular international terms are China Kung Fu and Wushu (China martial arts; ; Wushu) and Wushu (Wushu).
China Kung Fu originated from the ancient people who used some movements and instruments to achieve these goals in order to defeat wild animals, better defend themselves and keep fit, and formed an inherent routine through the continuous exercise of predecessors, which was constantly revised and improved by later generations, forming China Kung Fu.
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Now people mention that Sanda can't be typed without one person, which is the result of our publicity for many years and should be affirmed. However, people may overlook another problem, that is, the cultivation of "spirit". As the representative of China Kung Fu, we should not only train according to modern sports, but also join our essence, that is:
First of all, the ceremony:
People who practice martial arts are polite first, not to hit people, but to hit people.
Second, suffering:
People who practice martial arts should have a hard-working spirit, not only to practice martial arts and bear hardships, but also to have a psychological endurance for work and life. There is an indomitable spirit.
Third, beyond.
A martial artist is not a martial artist, but a gentleman. More importantly, we must have the ability to surpass ourselves.
China Kung Fu is the general name of China Wushu and China Qigong. It is a cultural phenomenon formed by the Chinese nation in the process of long-term life practice and human body understanding. It is a precious heritage of traditional culture and a special and valuable way of exercise.
China Wushu is a sport created and gradually formed by the Chinese nation in the long historical evolution. It mainly went through the following stages: the stage in which survival was the main purpose of primitive society, the stage in which military skills were the main purpose in the Warring States period, and people
Shaolin Kung Fu is rich in content and varied in routines. According to the nature, it can be roughly divided into internal work, external work, hard work, light work, qigong and so on. Internal strength is mainly to practice essence; External work and hard work refer to the violent force of exercising a certain part of the body; Light skills are good at vertical jump and over distance; Qigong includes practicing qi and nourishing qi. According to the techniques, there are many kinds of boxing, stick, spear, knife, fencing, martial arts and Sanda, equipment and equipment sparring 100. These routines and hard and soft kungfu have lost a lot because of their age. According to incomplete statistics, the main routines spread so far are:
1, boxing
Source is the source of martial arts. Shaolin Boxing includes Luohan Boxing, Xiaohong Boxing, Dahong Boxing, Lao Hong Boxing, Shaolin Five Boxing, Wu Jian Boxing, Zhaoyang Boxing, Serial Boxing, Kung Fu Boxing, Tan Leg Boxing, Meat Boxing, Liuhe Boxing, Round Kung Fu Boxing, Internal Skill Boxing, Taizu Long Boxing, Firecracker Boxing, Lie Boxing, Shaolin Boxing, Plum Blossom Boxing, Tongbei Boxing and Tide Watching Boxing.
There are three kinds of boxing methods in duet: three punches, biting punches, opening punches, ear punches, kicking punches, walking punches, fifteen-mile Heng Pao, twenty-four cannons, Shaolin boxing, one hundred and eight punches, flower boxing duet, bumping legs and so on.
Shaolin school boxing is vigorous, flexible and unpretentious, which is conducive to actual combat and does not show off when fighting or defending the situation. When practicing Shaolin boxing, it is not limited by the venue, and it is called "the place where cattle lie". Its style is mainly reflected in the word "hard", which has both offensive and defensive, and is mainly offensive. Boxing potential does not emphasize the beauty of appearance, but only seeks the practicality of technical attack. The footwork is flexible and agile, and it is said that punching is a line. In terms of figure and punching, it is required to bend but not bend, straight but not straight, advance and retreat freely, and do whatever you want. The footwork should be firm and flexible, the eye method should pay attention to the visual purpose, and luck should override everything. It moves like lightning, turns like a wheel, stands like a nail and jumps like a light fly. Shaolin boxing is divided into two factions, with heavy punches in the south and heavy legs in the north, and each faction is divided into many small factions.
2. Insist.
Shaolin Sect sticks include ape stick, wind fire stick, eyebrow piercing stick, big stick, flag gate stick, little witch stick, big witch stick, Shaolin stick, small plum blossom stick, Yunyang stick, mountain-breaking stick, yin hand stick, yang hand stick and five tigers sheep-catching stick. There are row sticks, shuttle sticks, six-way sticks, twelve-way broken sticks and so on.
Hit a large area with a stick and sweep the whole body. The stick is lively, lively, dense, fast and brave when practiced. It can not only keep fit, but also defeat the enemy. Shaolin sticks have played an important role in resisting the enemy and aggression in past dynasties.
3. Gun technology
Gun is the king of ancient weapons. The gun skills of Shaolin schools include Shaolin gun, Five Tiger gun, Night War gun, ladle gun, door-blocking gun, Jinhua double-tongued gun, Dan-blocking gun, thirteen gun, eighteen gun, twenty-one gun, twenty-four gun, twenty-seven gun, thirty-one gun, thirty-six gun, forty-eight gun, eighty-four gun, six gun, ten gun racks, six-way fireworks and secret gun spectrum.
Gun-to-gun, pistol-to-pistol, war gun, double-knife gun-to-gun, liuhe gun, 36 guns broke the law, 21 guns stabbed people.
There is a poem in Shaolin marksmanship: "The posture is as beautiful as a cat, the spear is like a fighting tiger, the spear is like a thread, the arrow is like an arrow, the gun is like a tiger, the mountain is like a horse, the gun is like a tiger, the gun is like a dragon, the eyes are high and the posture is natural, blocking, taking, clanging, hitting, collapsing, picking and poking. All kinds of usage are mysterious.
4. Knife
Knife is one of the important weapons in the past dynasties, among which broadsword is known as "the handsome in many battles". "Knife is like a tiger, gun is like a dragon", and every movement and style of sabre drill should be powerful. Shaolin knives include Spring and Autumn broadsword, Plum Blossom Knife, Shaolin Single Knife, Shaolin Double Knife, Brave Knife, Longitudinal Sword, Snowflake Knife, Furnace Lift Knife, Moon Embracing Knife, Mountain Ripping Knife, Shaolin No.1 Broadsword, No.2 Broadsword, Liuhe Single Knife, Mountain Ripping Knife, Six-way Double Knife, Eight-way Double Knife, Taizu Wolong Knife, Mamen Single Knife, Swallow Single Knife, Plum Double Knife,
There are knife to knife, two in one, one in one, one in one, one in one, and so on. The use characteristics of the knife are wrapping the head around the brain, chopping, lifting clouds and stabbing, wiping the bracket and so on. And there is a saying that one knife looks at the hand, two knives look at it, and the broadsword looks at the top hand, splitting, lifting, splitting and stabbing like a tiger.
5. Fencing
Swordsmanship is vigorous, graceful and unconstrained, which has been passed down since ancient times.
Shaolin swordsmanship includes Dharma Sword, Qian Kunjian, Chain Sword, Taiyi Sword, Two Tang Sword, Five Tang Sword, Dragon Sword, Dragon Flying Sword, White Ape Sword, Won Robe Sword, Liu Xuande Double Sword, Qingfeng Sword, Dragon Sword and Wulin Double Sword.
There are two swords, five swords stab back, Shaolin sword stab back and so on. Sword tactic: "The sword is a dragon sword. You should walk with a sword, keep your eyes on the tip of the sword, keep your feet steady, keep your posture natural, walk like a swallow, fall like the wind, put it away like tidbits, and stab it like a steel nail. "
6. Other weapons and equipment
Shaolin martial arts instruments are long, short, hard, soft, sharp, barbed, hooked and edged, and there are many kinds. There were eighteen kinds of weapons in ancient times, which were hard to count. In addition to the above-mentioned knives, guns, swords and sticks, there are also three forks (also called big palladium in the south), convenient shovels, three-ring sets, Emei thorns, crescent shovel, halberds, Xiuquan, Tian Fang painted halberds, double hammers, big axes, double axes, three-section sticks, sharp sticks, seven-section whips, nine-section whips, Shuang Bian and whips.
7. Equipment sparring and equipment boxing sparring routines
Grabbing a knife with bare hands, grabbing a gun with bare hands, single-knife anti-gun, grabbing a dagger with bare hands, stick piercing gun, combination of grass, sickle and stick, combination of double-knife and gun, combination of eyebrow stick and gun, single-turn gun, double-turn gun, eyebrow stick kidnapper, tiger hook gun, horse tooth piercing gun, turtle ring gun and one set of three-ring gun are convenient for shoveling guns.
8. Fighting Sanda
The martial arts of Shaolin Sect are: moving handle, thinking handle, tiger pounce handle, Youlong flying step, Feng Dan facing the sun, crossing handle, old man holding gourd, fairy picking eggplant, stealing peach from the bottom of leaves, cutting melon after the head, Hei Hu stealing heart, old monkey moving branches, gold thread winding, iron fan answering the door, stepping gun and kid holding gun.
9. Qigong
Qigong is a major category of Shaolin Kungfu. The qigong circulated in Shaolin Temple includes Yijinjing, small martial arts, nailing, life-prolonging Yin-Yang method and mixed Yuan-Yi qigong.
10, hard and soft kung fu
There are many training methods of hard and soft kungfu, such as bone unloading, snatch, acupoint secret method, bunt technique, various medication methods and treatment methods.
Classification of Wushu
Wushu is a traditional sport and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. In the past, some people divided martial arts into two factions, north and south, or inside and outside.
The so-called southern faction and northern faction are mainly distinguished according to the characteristics of multi-skill boxing popular in the south and multi-leg boxing popular in the north. Therefore, there is a saying in martial arts that "southern boxing and northern legs".
The so-called home, home, is mainly based on the "home" in the "Ningbo Fu Zhi", and its law is mainly about people who fight? " And it is brave to jump vigorously. "People within the family, whose method is mainly to guard against the enemy, must be hard not to send. "Later, the martial arts circles collectively referred to Shaolin's vigorous and agile boxing as Waijia Boxing, and Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan, Bajiquan and Bagua Palm as Neijia Boxing.
After the founding of New China, Wushu has made great progress. On the basis of gradually excavating, sorting out and inheriting traditional Wushu, a new Wushu Changquan movement has emerged. In recent years, through research and pilot, the offensive and defensive techniques of Wushu have been introduced, which greatly enriched the content and form of Wushu, effectively carried out Wushu competitions, and made Wushu embark on a standardized and scientific road. In this case, the classification of boxing in the old days is very complicated: the classification of southern faction and northern faction is too general. Therefore, according to the needs of the all-round development of Wushu, in order to promote the standardization and scientificity of Wushu, a new classification method of Wushu came into being, which divided the contents of Wushu into the following five categories:
First, boxing class
Including all kinds of unarmed boxing, such as Changquan, Tai Ji Chuan, Nanquan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang, Baji Boxing, Tongbei Boxing, Guagua Boxing, Fan Boxing, Ground Stamping Boxing, Xingyiquan and so on.
Second, the equipment category
Short equipment: fencing, fencing, etc.
Long instruments: spears, sticks, etc.
Double equipment: double knife, double sword, double hook, Shuang Bian, double-headed gun, single knife and whip, etc.
Light: three-section stick, nine-section whip, meteor hammer, rope tag, etc.
Third, training courses
Unarmed combat: boxing, grasping, etc.
Equipment training: splitting knife, stabbing sword, stabbing gun, beating stick, single knife into gun, double knife into gun, bow into gun, three-section stick into gun stick, etc.
Unarmed equipment training: grasping guns, sticks, knives, daggers, etc.
Fourth, collective projects.
All kinds of unarmed boxing or group drills of more than three people. Such as collective basic skills, collective boxing, collective sword, collective knife, collective gun, collective stick, collective nine-section whip and so on.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) offensive and defensive techniques
Offensive and defensive techniques are two people fighting each other according to certain rules of the game. Such as: scattered children, pushing hands, short soldiers, long soldiers and so on.
At present, this popular new classification method of Wushu is mainly to grasp all kinds of boxing methods without offensive and defensive fighting actions. All kinds of instruments are nothing more than ancient weapons, and the practice methods also include four forms: single practice, duet, collective practice and fighting. This classification is conducive to the systematic teaching, training and research on the action rules and principles of various boxing instruments, and is also conducive to the development of Wushu competitions. Of course, this classification method can't be comprehensive and perfect. With the development of Wushu, the classification method of Wushu will be further improved and scientific.
"School" and "School" of Art
China is an ancient multi-ethnic country. Wushu, as a national traditional sports culture, has gradually formed and multiplied many Wushu schools in the long historical evolution. At that time, due to the restriction of the closed mode of small-scale peasant economic production and the influence of many social factors such as economic and cultural differences, Wushu technology was relatively stable in a certain region or a certain surname family at first. With the reproduction of future generations and the emergence of various professional Wushu athletes, Wushu techniques are constantly enriched and improved, and its style characteristics are gradually distinct and mature.
Wushu genre is the symbol to distinguish the technical categories of boxing, which is formed by different technical characteristics and styles, and is the essence of Wushu technology. However, in the process of the formation of martial arts schools, due to the influence of feudal patriarchal clan system and strong clan concept, coupled with the self-interest of feudal rulers to help gangs, martial arts technical schools were covered with a layer of "sectarian" color.
"Sect" is a product of private ownership and an idea. From a dialectical point of view, under certain historical conditions, although Wushu schools have been attached to certain sects and preserved, there is no inevitable internal relationship between them. With the establishment of the socialist system, feudal sects lost their political and economic foundation, and their ideological influence became less and less. Now feudal sects and technical sects have become two completely different concepts. It is wrong to generalize without analysis and confuse martial arts schools with feudal schools.
The purpose of putting an end to sectarian ideas and viewpoints is to oppose the remnants of feudal patriarchal ideology, to break the long-term closed-door situation between factions, and to achieve the purpose of learning from each other's strengths in technology.
With the development of the times, martial arts is becoming more and more systematic and scientific, and it is necessary to study the internal relations among martial arts technical schools, boxing and schools, and develop new technical schools on the basis of retaining the original ones.
First of all, in the long run, on the basis of retaining the existing Wushu schools, developing innovative Wushu technical schools will help preserve and carry forward the ancient national cultural heritage; It is helpful to learn more martial arts. It is helpful to improve the technical and theoretical systems of boxing schools; Promote the development of Wushu scientific research activities. Only by developing different styles of Wushu technical schools can we attract more people to participate in Wushu and promote the development of mass Wushu activities, thus continuously improving the technical level of Wushu.
Secondly, from the perspective of Wushu technical school itself, it is constantly summarized, accumulated, developed and continued by human beings in long-term social practice. With the perfection and standardization of Wushu technical movements, different schools will continue to differentiate. When the technical movements develop into relatively stable offensive and routine techniques, different schools will be relatively fixed; With the continuous differentiation, merger and development of various schools, it has developed into many new schools of martial arts technology. There are many examples in history of developing and innovating on the basis of inheriting the original schools of boxing. Such as: eagle claw boxing was born out of fan boxing; Tongbi boxing was born out of Shaolin, cicada lang and divination; In Qing Dynasty, based on Qi Jiguang's 32-potential Long Boxing and enriched by Yang Luchan and others, Chen gradually formed various schools in Tai Ji Chuan. Since the founding of New China, China has developed and innovated the optional boxing, integrated the achievements of tea, China, Bao, Hong and Hua Quan, established a relatively complete system from the aspects of theory, technology and competition, broke through and developed the original boxing, and formed a new martial arts attack and defense school.
Therefore, the purpose of distinguishing Wushu technical schools from sects is to develop new Wushu technical schools on the basis of inheritance, which is undoubtedly conducive to revitalizing Chinese Wushu and creating a new situation in Wushu.
Wude